Research on the Method of Heat Preservation and Heating for the Drilling System of Polar Offshore Drilling Platform

This study investigates the heat dissipation mechanism of the insulation layer and other plane insulation layers in the polar drilling rig system.Combining the basic theory of heat transfer with the environmental requirements of polar drilling operations and the characteristics of polar drilling processes,we analyze the factors that affect the insulation effect of the drilling rig system.These factors include the thermal conductivity of the insulation material,the thickness of the insulation layer,ambient temperature,and wind speed.We optimize the thermal insulation material of the polar drilling rig system using a steady-state method to measure solid thermal conductivity.By analyzing the distribution of temperature in space after heating,we optimize the distribution and air outlet angle of the heater using Fluent hydrodynamics software.The results demonstrate that under polar conditions,polyisocyanurate with stable thermodynamic properties is selected as the thermal insulation material.The selection of thermal insulation material and thickness significantly affects the thermal insulation effect of the system but has little effect on its heating effect.Moreover,when the air outlet angle of the heater is set to 32.5°,the heating efficiency of the system can be effectively improved.According to heat transfer equations and heat balance theory,we determine that the heating power required for the system to reach 5°C is close to numerical simulation.

Observation of the Effects of Anesthesia Recovery Nursing Combined with Heat Preservation Measures in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia Surgery

Objective:To observe the application effects of anesthesia recovery nursing with heat preservation measures in patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery.Methods:300 cases of general anesthesia surgery patients in our hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method,each with 150 cases.The control group adopted conventional care,while the observation group was given anesthesia recovery care and heat preservation measures on the basis of conventional care.The wake-up time,extubation time,hospitalization time,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups and statistically analyzed.Results:The wake-up time of patients in the control group was 9.71±1.20 hours,and that of the observation group was 6.51±1.02 hours,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);the extubation times of patients in the observation group and the control group after awakening were 8.52±0.41 min and 10.42±1.12 min,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05)The hospital stay after the operation in the observation group and the control group was 32.91±4.71 days and 37.24±3.34 days respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the incidence rate of adverse reactions after extubation in the observation group(3.33%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(10.00%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:In general anesthesia surgery patients,the implementation of anesthesia recovery nursing with heat preservation measures can significantly improve the physical condition of patients,effectively shorten the duration of surgery and patients’wake-up time,and improve their quality of life,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Effects of Street-Bottom and Building-Roof Heating on Flow in Three-Dimensional Street Canyons

Using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model, the effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons are investigated. The building and street-canyon aspect ratios are one. In the presence of street-bottom heating, as the street-bottom heating intensity increases, the mean kinetic energy increases in the spanwise street canyon formed by the upwind and downwind buildings but decreases in the lower region of the streamwise street canyon. The increase in momentum due to buoyancy force intensifies mechanically induced flow in the spanwise street canyon. The vorticity in the spanwise street canyon strengthens. The temperature increase is not large because relatively cold above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon. In the presence of both street-bottom and building-roof heating, the mean kinetic energy rather decreases in the spanwise street canyon. This is caused by the decrease in horizontal flow speed at the roof level, which results in the weakening of the mean flow circulation in the spanwise street canyon. It is found that the vorticity in the spanwise street canyon weakens. The temperature increase is relatively large compared with that in the street-bottom heating case, because relatively warm above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon.

Cryopreservation-induced decrease in heat-shock protein 90 in human spermatozoa and its mechanism

<abstract>Aim: To study the protein changes of spermatozoa associated with sperm motility during sperm cryopreservation and its mechanism. Methods: In 18 healthy men, the seminal sperm motility and HSP90 levels were studied before and after cryopreservation using SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and computerized image analysis. Results: The sperm motility declined significantly after cryopreservation (P<0.01). The average grey level and the integrated grey level of sperm HSP90 before cooling were 34.1±3.2 and 243.0±21.6, respectively, while those after thawing were 23.2±2.5 and 105.7±28.5, respectively. Both parameters were decreased significantly (P<0.01). No HSP90 was found in the seminal plasma before and after cryopreservation. Conclusion: HSP90 in human spermatozoa was decreased substantially after cryopreservation. This may result from protein degradation, rather than leakage into the seminal plasma.

Application of “soft canning” heat preservation technique in the superalloy forging process

The ＂soft canning＂ heat preservation technique is invented by Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co., Ltd. （Hereafter referred to Baosteel）, using the flexible insulation material which can be stuck on the surface of the heated ingot or billet in the superalloy thermal process. This adhesive insulation material can reduce the temperature drop of the ingot or billet during the transferring or hot working process, and can deform with the billet without dropping. The surface temperature drop can be effectively reduced, so the products can be obtained a good surface quality and the structural uniformity can be improved. The technique is applied to hard-wrought superalloy forging of cogging, superalloy rods finished forging fire and superalloy hot die forging processing,and good results have been achieved.

Dual-Roof Solar Greenhouse—A Novel Design for Improving the Heat Preserving Capacity in Northern China

Dual-roof solar greenhouse, a new style of solar greenhouse, was designed in this study intending to reduce heat loss in cold time and improve land use efficiency in Beijing, the Capital city of China. Designing and applying the dual-roof greenhouse in metropolitan area had dual effects of saving energy and enhancing land use efficiency. According to the monitoring study and analysis conducted in winter of 2012, the averaged night temperature of south room was about 12.1°C in December, which was satisfying for growing average leaf vegetables. Total energy saved by dual-roof in whole winter was quantified as 1.1 × 107 MJ&#46yr-1 (winter), potentially about 37.4 t coal was saved in Beijing area during whole winter-growing period. Considering the application of north room, the land use efficiency was improved by 62.5% in dual-roof solar greenhouse.

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Heating and Ventilation of Two Kinds of Roof Solar Collectors

Two roof solar collectors (RSCs), conventional single pass RSC and new double pass RSC, were compared. The new roof solar collector, which is formed by integrating a double pass solar air collector with the roof of the building, can be operated more efficiently for space heating in winter, and for natural ventilation in other seasons. To evaluate the performances of the two RSCs for both space heating and natural ventilation, a single traditional Chinese style house, on which the two RSCs will be mounted, was developed. The efficiency of solar energy conversion for the new RSC is higher than that of the single pass one by 10% on average, and the ventilation rate contributed by natural ventilation for the new RSC can be improved to a great extent for most cases, indicating that the new RSC is superior to the single pass one from the viewpoint of both space heating and natural ventilation. The new RSC is more potential for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving of buildings.

基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术

基于工业供汽负荷波动大、昼夜偏差显著的现状,将水蓄热技术与热源厂热力生产工艺相结合,提出采用蒸汽-除盐冷水的间接换热技术、环氧富锌漆防腐技术和硬质聚氨酯发泡保温技术,并对形状、容积和高径比等罐体结构优化设计,旨在开发一种适用于工业供热的蒸汽调峰技术。实践应用表明,基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术具有稳定高效、简单易操和投资收益显著等优点。本技术还可应用于燃煤机组实现深度调峰、消纳新能源发电等场景,具有重要的现实意义。

纤维素复合气凝胶的制备及保温隔热性能研究

利用化学交联和冷冻干燥技术制备了绿色环保的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/明胶(GL)-戊二醛(GA)复合气凝胶(CL-A);研究不同比例的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、明胶(GL)和不同含量的戊二醛(GA)对气凝胶微观结构、热稳定性、力学强度以及保温隔热等性能的影响。实验结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)与明胶(GL)比例为1:2且戊二醛(GA)添加量为15%时的复合气凝胶(C1L2-A15)的压缩强度高达3.03 MPa,较纯羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)气凝胶增长了7倍左右;热导率低至0.022 W/(m·k),保温效果较好;多孔的三维网络更加致密,改善了复合气凝胶的形貌结构;复合气凝胶的残炭量高达37%,一定程度上提高了热稳定性。

热辐射特征参数对快堆锥形顶盖空间换热特性影响的研究

池式钠冷快堆的钠池内充满高温液态钠,其上方覆盖有氩气,高温液态钠主要通过辐射换热及对流换热的方式向快堆主容器上部结构及氩气空间传递热量,其换热特性及其影响因素十分复杂。辐射发射率及液态钠蒸发形成的气溶胶层对主容器上部结构的热工水力特性会造成一定影响。因此,为保证主容器上部结构在不同温度载荷下的安全性与稳定性,十分必要获取不同辐射发射率及不同气溶胶层分布下的温度分布。本研究建立大型池式钠冷快堆主容器上部锥形顶盖空间(以下简称“锥顶盖”)数值计算模型,开展数值模拟计算,得到不同发射率及气溶胶层厚度影响下锥顶盖的温度场。研究结果表明,发射率越高,锥顶盖斜肩及氩气空间温度越高;当气溶胶层存在于靠近钠液面的高度范围时(0~0.2 m),增加其厚度可使氩气空间局部温度升高,但对锥顶盖斜肩温度影响有限。发射率增高53%,则辐射换热量增加31.47%,格拉晓夫数(Gr)减少19.29%,辐射换热效果增强,自然对流效果减弱;气溶胶层高度由0增加到0~0.1 m时,对辐射换热量的吸收增加22.68%,格拉晓夫数(Gr)减少19.29%,气溶胶层高度由0~0.1 m增加到0~0.2 m时,透过气溶胶层的辐射换热量减少了0.04%,格拉晓夫数(Gr)增加了0.9%,辐射换热效果减弱,自然对流效果加强。

兼顾高/低温环境性能的动力电池热管理系统设计

热特性对电动汽车的性能有着重要的影响。低温环境严重影响锂电池的容量和寿命,而高温环境则可能导致热失控。为了保证锂电池在高低温环境下的安全高效运行,本研究提出一种兼顾高低温的热管理系统,通过保温材料和相变材料组合成的蓄热模块的灵活拆卸,实现对高低温天气下电池的散热和保温。使用Star CCM+软件进行建模和仿真。研究结果表明:动力电池在不同倍率放电后静置维持在0℃以上的时间最高达17 h,低温下静置与无热管理的情况下相比保温时长增加了约8倍,比单纯使用相变材料保温时长增加了近3倍,且验证了添加隔热层的必要性。在实际应用中表明停车后可直接启动,避免电动汽车频繁的预加热。在高温条件下拆掉蓄热模块使用风冷散热既节省了能源又进一步加强了该系统散热能力。以1C~3C倍率放电后,与未添加散热措施的电池组对比,添加热管理散热系统后电池组最高温度分别降低了34%、42%和48%,添加翅片后对电池的降温效果有明显作用,1C~3C放电倍率下最高温度比未添加翅片的电池组最高温度分别降低4.8%、5.4%、6.7%,放电倍率越高添加翅片的散热效果越明显。

相温子库传热优化及柠檬贮藏效果

为研究子库传热面积、材料、对流风速和厚度对子库传热的影响,以及优化子库传热对柠檬保鲜效果的影响。通过增大子库传热面积、提高对流风速等方法,确定子库传热的主要影响因素,并对其进行优化试验和对柠檬进行贮藏效果研究。结果表明:子库传热面积对子库传热影响最为显著,其次为子库对流风速;柠檬贮藏效果研究结果表明,相温贮藏相较于普通冷藏能明显抑制柠檬果皮变黄和失重现象,并减缓维生素C、总可溶性固形物等营养物质的流失,优化子库传热后能进一步提升相温贮藏效果。

相变微胶囊保温砂浆的制备及性能

为减少建筑物的能耗,响应“碳中和”“碳达峰”国家政策,本工作基于原位聚合法,以正十八烷-正二十烷混合物为二元相变芯材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为外层壁材,制备了一种适用于保温节能水泥砂浆的相变微胶囊(MiPCM)。MiPCM通过内部芯材在相变过程中吸热或放热的特性,降低外界环境对水泥砂浆内部温度的影响,从而减少人们对空调等电器的依赖程度,达到节能减排的目的。MiPCM呈球霰状,无团聚现象,具备明显的芯-壁结构,其相变温度区间和潜热分别为17.8~36.7℃和74.72 J/g。TG分析和热循环试验结果表明,MiPCM具备良好的热稳定性。将MiPCM掺加到水泥砂浆中进行温升实验。结果表明,在红外热源照射环境中,MiPCM明显减缓了水泥砂浆中心温度的变化速率,水泥砂浆石的峰值温度降低了7℃。因此,以MiPCM为外加剂的水泥砂浆符合保温节能的设计理念。

基于复合保温干预的手术室措施在剖宫产产妇中的应用效果研究

目的 探讨基于复合保温干预的手术室措施在剖宫产产妇中的应用效果。方法 100例剖宫产产妇作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组50例。对照组产妇进行常规保温干预,实验组产妇进行复合保温干预。比较两组不同时间点鼓膜温度,低体温、寒战发生情况,热舒适度评分及凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]。结果 麻醉时(T1)~手术结束时(T7)时,实验组鼓膜温度分别为(37.26±0.36)、(37.24±0.53)、(37.45±0.35)、(36.89±0.26)、(36.79±0.33)、(36.52±0.32)、(36.89±0.31)℃,高于对照组的(37.12±0.23)、(37.02±0.31)、(36.24±0.44)、(36.41±0.46)、(36.12±0.34)、(36.29±0.47)、(36.42±0.53)℃(P<0.05)。实验组热舒适度评分、低体温与寒战发生率分别为(54.69±7.85)分、2%、4%,低于对照组的(61.35±6.89)分、24%、26%(P<0.05)。术后,对照组PT、APTT、TT长于本组术前,FIB低于本组术前(P<0.05);实验组PT(9.16±0.80)s、APTT(31.26±2.68)s、TT(12.23±1.39)s短于对照组的(10.56±0.96)、(34.18±2.47)、(15.47±1.34)s,FIB (3.68±0.56)g/L高于对照组的(3.14±0.36)g/L(P<0.05)。结论 基于复合保温干预的手术室措施在剖宫产产妇中应用具有积极作用,值得在临床上推广。

减水保坍型聚羧酸减水剂的合成及性能研究

以4-羟丁基乙烯基聚氧乙烯醚(VPEG)大单体、丙烯酸(AA)为主要原料,引入保坍单体丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA),以巯基丙酸(MPA)为链转移剂,在H_(2)O_(2)/L-抗坏血酸(V_(C))氧化还原引发体系下,通过自由基聚合制备出减水保坍型聚羧酸减水剂(V-HEA)。通过红外光谱、凝胶色谱测试对合成的V-HEA进行分子结构表征,并与市售保坍型聚羧酸减水剂(HPWR-S)进行水化热与混凝土性能对比分析。结果表明,V-HEA的最佳合成工艺参数为酸醚比4.4,酯醚比2.5,引发剂、硫酸亚铁和链转移剂掺量分别占大单体质量的0.76%、0.10%和0.74%。掺入硫酸亚铁可提高单体的转化率,且V-HEA的数均分子量为17650,重均分子量为42713,单体转化率高达95.03%。掺入V-HEA时混凝土的水化峰值温度较掺入HPWR-S时延迟4 h 24 min,且第二水化速率峰出现时间延迟约4 h,更加延缓水泥的水化。掺入V-HEA的混凝土2 h坍落度仅损失5.8%,且混凝土强度与掺入HPWR-S产品相当,V-HEA具有较好的应用前景。

北方日光温室构造的研究进展

随着蔬菜、花卉种植业的不断发展和对设施要求的不断提高,以及当前对蔬菜质量和安全问题的关注,日光温室在结构坚固、性能耐用、操作舒适方面提出更高的要求。从中国北方现代日光温室的发展现状和市场对高质量、高附加值产品的需求来开展评价和影响分析,从温度、湿度、光照等维度来比较日光温室的冬季性能,分析北方部分地区日光温室的建设情况,对日光温室的未来发展进行研讨并提出一定的建议,但无论在哪个地区,日光温室作为现代农业生产的重要方式,都具有不可替代的作用,能够提高农业生产效率,促进农业的可持续发展。

提升2Cr15Mnl5Ni2N不锈钢抗磁性工艺研究

2Cr15Mn15Ni2N奥氏体抗磁不锈钢是一种性能优良的抗磁不锈钢,为了满足高抗磁性零件需求,通过采用抗磁性检测、金相组织分析和晶粒度检测,就固溶保温温度和保温时间对2Cr15Mn15Ni2N奥氏体抗磁不锈钢的抗磁性的影响进行了工艺研究。结果发现,1120℃固溶,延长保温时间,当2Cr15Mn15Ni2N抗磁不锈钢晶粒度长大到6级、晶粒度均匀一致时,抗磁性达到了≤Ⅱ级,满足了产品技术要求,解决了产品固溶抗磁性不足的技术问题,提出了生产过程工艺控制参数,可为后续同类问题的处理提供借鉴。

建筑基坑冬季施工技术要点

我国北方地区冬季气温低,在冬季进行基坑施工时,混凝土强度、基坑土体冻胀作用、基坑围护结构等都会对施工质量、安全带来较大的挑战。工程实践证明,在做好温控措施及施工控制措施后,施工质量也能满足要求,施工安全有保障。

集束化护理结合保温策略在行脊柱后入路术患者围手术期的应用效果

目的考察集束化护理结合保温策略在行脊柱后入路术患者围手术期的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在江南大学附属医院行脊柱后入路术治疗的90例患者作为研究对象,并根据干预方式的差异分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予常规护理进行干预,观察组给予集束化护理结合保温策略进行干预,比较2组的指标变化。结果2组在手术开始后90 min的核心体温均低于麻醉开始、手术开始后30 min和60 min,且手术开始后60 min也均低于麻醉开始(P均<0.05);手术开始后30 min、60 min和90 min,观察组的核心体温均高于同期对照组(P均<0.05);观察组的气管拔管和完全清醒时间均早于对照组,并发症总发生率低于对照组(P均<0.05)。手术后2 h和6 h,2组的活化部分凝血酶原时间和凝血酶原时间均长于手术前2 h,平均动脉压、心率、纤维蛋白原水平及简化舒适状况量表评分均高于手术前2 h(P均<0.05),且手术后6 h也均优于手术后2 h(P均<0.05);手术后2 h和6 h,观察组的以上指标和评分均优于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。结论集束化护理结合保温策略可稳定行脊柱后入路术患者的术中核心体温,缩短拔管和苏醒时间,缓解生理应激反应,改善凝血功能,提高术后舒适度,并降低并发症发生率。

基于模糊控制的高温热泵果脯干燥系统设计

针对高温热泵干燥技术替代传统蒸汽或热风干燥在果脯烘干中的应用场景,研制高温热泵干燥系统。结合热交换器结构与换热特性,分析果脯干燥工艺特点,将模糊逻辑控制应用于热泵干燥过程;考虑干燥箱的热场分布、温度梯度控制与干燥时间的耦合,对模糊控制器、模糊规则表进行详细设计,采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制的热泵干燥控制系统进行龙眼干燥实验测试。结果表明,模糊控制具有良好的稳态和瞬态性能,具有温度调节快、误差小、干燥效率高、节能效果好等优势,适用于干燥工艺复杂、温度调节要求高、减少人为干预影响品质的果蔬类农产品深加工。