Potential of Rooftop PV Systems on Weekly Peak Load Shaving in Saudi Arabia

In recent years, high annual increasing load demand in Saudi Arabia has led to large investments in the construction of conventional power plants, which use oil or gas as the main fuel. The government is considering a large deployment of renewable energy for its 2030 vision plan. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the best potential candidates for harvesting solar energy because of the country’s geographical location, clear sky, and vast land area. A recent energy policy announced by the government involves harvesting solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Using rooftop PV systems can help to shave the peak load and lead to a significant savings in the power sector through the reduction of annual installation of conventional power plants and standby generators. Employing solar PV at the end user level helps to reduce the overloading of transmission and distribution lines as well as decreases power losses. This paper will provide ratings for different rooftop PV systems that are being considered for installation for customers with various needs. The distribution of PV installation among the customers is as follows: 5% residential, 10% commercial, and 20% government. The effect of PV output power on weekly peak demand has been evaluated. The paper has also investigated the impact of the temperature on PV output power, especially during the summer. The PV power contribution is analyzed based on the assumption that weekly peak power production of solar PV coincides with weekly peak load demand. The PV model is implemented in Matlab to simulate and analyze the PV power.

Design and Economic Analysis of a Grid-connected Rooftop Solar PV System for Typical Home Applications in Oman

This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.

Solar rooftop in India: Policies,challenges and outlook

Solar photovoltaic rooftop has emerged as a potential green technology to address climate change issues by reducing reliance on conventional fossil fuel based energy. With a strong commitment to increase the renewable sources based energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022, India has a target to install 100 GW of solar energy capacity. Of this 40 GW would be the share of grid connected solar PV rooftop. This paper examines global growth in solar energy, world's major rooftop installed capacity countries' policies and solar rooftop policy instruments in India. The current Indian goals, issues & challenges in achieving them and trends in further development are discussed.

An estimation framework of regional rooftop photovoltaic potential based on satellite remote sensing images

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for estimating the regional rooftop photovoltaic(PV)potential.The required rooftop information is extracted from Gao Fen-7 satellite images.In particular,the rooftop area is obtained using a semantic segmentation network.The azimuth and inclination angles are calculated based on the digital surface model.In addition,to improve the accuracy of the economic evaluation,buildings are divided into commercial and industrial buildings and residential buildings.Based on the difference in the roof inclination,the rooftops can be divided into flat roofs,on which the PV panels are installed with the optimal inclination angle,and sloped rooftops,on which the PV panels are installed in a lay-flat manner.The solar irradiation on the plane-of-array is calculated using the isotropic sky translocation model.Then,the available installed capacity and generation potential of the rooftop PV is obtained.Finally,the net present value,dynamic payback period,and internal rate of return are used to evaluate the economic efficiency of the rooftop PV project.The proposed framework is applied in the Da Xing district of Beijing,China,with a total area of 546.84 km^(2).The results show that the rooftop area and available installed capacity of PV are 25.63 km^(2)and 1487.45 MWp,respectively.The annual rooftop PV generation potential is 2832.23 GWh,with significant economic returns.

考虑通信负载迁移及储能动态备电的5G基站光伏消纳能力研究

在双碳目标要求下,国家大力开展绿色节能5G基站建设,5G基站配备屋顶光伏和储能电池以解决5G基站高功耗、高成本问题。然而不同负荷区域的屋顶分布式光伏出力与基站负载具有时空差异性,存在光伏消纳困难的问题。为此,该文在分析不同负荷区域的屋顶光伏出力和5G基站负载差异性的基础上,建立屋顶光伏出力和5G基站负载迁移模型,实现不同负荷区域基站负载和屋顶光伏的时空差异互补。针对5G基站的备电需求,考虑各负荷区域的配电网可靠性和通信负载特性,提出了储能动态备电的充放电机制;然后以光伏消纳率最大化和基站运营成本最小化为目标,建立考虑通信负载迁移及储能动态备电的5G基站优化调度模型;最后设立四种场景及三种规划区方案进行验证对比。算例分析结果表明,所提模型能够减少基站运营成本,提高光伏消纳率。

中国农村民居屋顶分布式光伏发电的发展潜力分析

农村社区有充足的空间和较大的能源消费,应在实现碳达峰、碳中和的能源转型中发挥重要作用,然而许多关于能源转型的预测分析都未给予农村社区足够的关注。分析了中国大陆农村人口、家庭户数及能源消费的基本情况,从各具特色的农村民居出发,归纳了中国农村民居屋顶的主要类型,推算出农村民居屋顶面积的基本量;然后以此为基础,探讨了影响农村民居屋顶分布式光伏发电系统应用的主要因素,包括:屋顶基本形式、屋顶大小、屋顶强度、阴影、坡屋顶平面的倾斜度、屋顶平面的方位角、屋顶面积的可利用性等;并分别针对基本情景和积极情景,对中国农村民居屋顶分布式光伏发电系统的装机容量潜力和发电量,以及由此带来的环境效益和经济效益进行了预测,以说明发展农村民居屋顶分布式光伏发电可以在促进中国能源转型和助推乡村振兴方面发挥作用。结果表明:基本情景下,中国农村民居屋顶分布式光伏发电的装机容量潜力为348 GW;积极情景下,装机容量潜力为696 GW。

江苏县域农村屋顶分布式光伏发电系统建设自然社会影响因素实证分析

农村屋顶分布式光伏正在快速发展中,但其发展的影响因素及影响程度并无系统性的梳理分析。针对此问题,通过收集江苏省64个县级区域共39期月度农村屋顶分布式光伏新增装机量、自然资源和社会生活等多方面的数据,建立基于县级面板数据的农村屋顶分布式光伏新增装机量的实证模型,在全省总体层面和苏南、苏中、苏北分地区对比的多维度上进行评估。研究结果表明,新增装机量与太阳能资源等自然禀赋相关性不大,发展处于自发性、无序性状态,缺乏指导和政策规划;新增装机量与居民收入等社会因素关系密切,安装农村屋顶分布式光伏的居民主要是低收入群体,覆盖面还不够广。清洁能源使用与绿色低碳参与意识还未深入人心,缺乏相应宣传。

基于高清卫星地图影像的配电网分布式屋顶光伏承载力评估

屋顶光伏总装机容量的准确评估有助于引导配电网规划和屋顶光伏的合理布局,为此提出一种基于高清卫星地图影像的配电网分布式屋顶光伏承载力评估方法。首先使用Deeplabv3+模型自动识别高清卫星地图影像中的屋顶部分,测算屋顶的光伏装机容量,并据此确定公共信息模型中光伏发电场类的参数,实现基于公共信息模型和高清卫星地图影像的配电网数字化建模。最后采用蒙特卡罗模拟法对配电网的分布式屋顶光伏承载力进行评估。以某地区配电网为例进行仿真,与现有传统承载力评估方法进行比较,证明所提方法的高效性和实用性,为电力公司制订合理的光伏开发计划和实施可靠的电网结构升级提供重要的数据支撑。

屋顶光伏发电站光伏组件及逆变器选型分析

以某屋顶光伏发电站的建设为研究案列,从理论上计算该电站在当地气候条件下的发电能力,提出屋顶光伏发电站的建设方案,包括光伏组件选型、逆变器容量及连接方式选择、光伏方阵设计等。所提出的方案不仅具有良好的环境和社会效益,而且具有一定的经济效益,可以为屋顶光伏发电站的建设提供参考。

多旋翼清洗无人机在屋顶类分布式光伏电站的应用研究

分布式光伏电站多建设在建筑物屋顶等高处,人工巡检和清洗比较困难,存在劳动力成本大、安全风险高等问题。对多旋翼清洗无人机清洗技术的研究现状进行了分析,研究了可用于建筑物屋顶、车棚顶棚等屋顶类分布式光伏电站光伏组件清洗作业的多旋翼清洗无人机的关键技术,并对此类清洗无人机的应用进行了列举与前景展望。研究结果显示:对于1 MW屋顶类分布式光伏电站的清洗任务,多旋翼清洗无人机的清洗效率是人工清洗的40多倍,耗水量只有人工清洗的1/10,成本仅是人工清洗的1/3左右,除尘率超过90%,具有得天独厚的清洗优势,是解决屋顶类分布式光伏电站运维难题的有效手段,应用前景良好。

屋顶分布式光伏发电项目坠落防护的探讨与实践

屋顶分布式光伏发电以其灵活、安装方便且可充分利用被闲置屋面的特点,受到各地政府和企业的青睐。随着碳达峰、碳中和目标的提出,屋顶分布式光伏发电已经在各地掀起了一场安装热潮,但随着屋顶分布式光伏发电的推广和普及,此类项目安装和运维过程中的屋面坠落风险也随之而来。探讨了中国屋顶分布式光伏发电项目坠落防护的现状,针对目前坠落防护措施缺失或不足的现状,引入基于风险控制的管理思路,结合目前国内有关坠落防护的相关要求及已有项目的实际情况,针对不同的屋面坠落场景提出了具体的坠落防护措施和建议,以期为屋顶分布式光伏发电项目坠落防护的标准化、规范化提供更多思路。

整县屋顶分布式光伏发电项目的实践及探索

结合山东省诸城市整县屋顶分布式光伏发电项目的推进工作,对山东省分布式光伏发电项目的发展现状,以及整县屋顶分布式光伏发电项目的收益、存在的风险与面临的主要问题进行分析,并从政府引导、投资主体作用、市场化商业运作、电网升级改造、乡村振兴和共同富裕等方面提出相应建议。以期本研究可为整县屋顶分布式光伏发电项目的开发提供实践参考。

钢铁企业分布式光伏发电系统的建设经验介绍

为响应国家碳达峰、碳中和政策,作为降低钢铁企业电力资源消耗的创新实践,在充分研究了青岛市太阳能资源条件的基础上,以青岛特殊钢铁有限公司的厂区屋顶为依托,开发、建设了分布式光伏发电系统。该项目总装机容量为23 MWp,选用385 Wp单晶硅光伏组件,采用“自发自用、余电上网”模式,光伏发电系统自发电就地升压,可并入电网直接使用。按照25年运营期计算,该项目的理论总发电量为60909.22万kWh,理论年均发电量为2436.37万kWh;理论年均利用小时数为1059.29 h;其投入运行10个月的累计实际发电量为2390万kWh。该项目节能减排效果显著,且具有良好的社会效益和综合经济效益,为钢铁企业能源结构优化提供了示范性思路。

Investigating energy policies to boost grid-connected rooftop solar PV in Sudan

Grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV)systems can reduce the energy demand from the grid and significantly increase the power available to it.However,rooftop solar PV has not yet been widely adopted in many sub-Saharan African countries,such as Sudan,although they are endowed with high solar radiation and in dire need of additional power.This paper investigates risks and policies to increase grid-connected rooftop solar PV adoption in Sudan.A simplified United Nations Development Program Derisking Renewable Energy Investment framework is adopted to investigate this over three stages.For Stage 1,a list of risks and barriers was produced based on a literature review of solar PV studies in Sudan and interviews with nine stakeholders.Affordability was the risk most often mentioned(eight times from nine interviewees),followed by concerns about poor utility grid infrastructure.For Stage 2,policy de-risking instruments and financial de-risking instruments were listed to overcome the barriers.These include the intro-duction of net metering,the use of a third-party organization to monitor policy implementation,upgrade of the grid infrastructure,public awareness campaigns and energy-saving schemes.For Stage 3,the levelized cost of electricity was estimated for a typical 2-kW rooftop PV system without policies(0.11$/kWh)and with a net-metering policy(0.07$/kWh).

农村小型屋顶光伏发电系统的设计

屋顶光伏发电技术是被纳入农村发展、城乡建设的重大项目,对推动农村经济增长、增加农户收入、改善农村面貌、提高农业技术水平和农业振兴具有重要意义。然而,农村屋顶光伏发电系统的设计需要考虑多个方面,包括屋顶选址、光伏电池板的选型、逆变器的选型等。基于此,介绍了光伏发电系统的基本设计组成,并简要分析了如何选择屋顶光伏发电系统,以某农村房屋为目标,综合考虑实际情况和需求,选择合适的设备和方案,保证系统的稳定性。选择出屋顶光伏发电系统的主要构件,对农村房屋光伏的实际使用具有很大的理论研究价值与实际意义。

含大规模屋顶光伏电站接入农村配电网多目标优化配置方法

针对大规模屋顶光伏电站接入农村配电网无序分布带来的分布式发电资源浪费等问题,以屋顶光伏电站建设投资成本最小化和系统网络损耗最小化为优化目标,综合考虑农村地区安装面积限制和配电网运行约束,构建了含大规模屋顶光伏电站接入农村配电网多目标优化配置模型,采用针对高维度解改进的带精英策略的非支配排序算法(NSGA-II)对配置模型进行优化,针对算法求解得到的Pareto解集,应用模糊贴近度进行筛选,得出最优方案。通过IEEE-33节点配电系统算例仿真分析,结果表明:所提出的配置方法可以在提高屋顶光伏电站投资经济性的同时,利用屋顶光伏电站的优化配置提高系统的供电可靠性。

基于屋顶光伏和混合储能的电能路由器仿真

在电能路由器储能优化的研究中,为了缓解大规模屋顶光伏直接并网给配电网带来的负面影响,研究了交直流混合微网架构的电能路由器在包含屋顶光伏和混合储能单元的家庭能量管理系统中的应用。利用Matlab/Simulink平台搭建了相应的仿真模型,制定了集中式分层能量管理策略,提出了一种混合储能-可切除负荷的控制策略,并进行了孤岛运行模式下的仿真研究。结果表明,提出的电能路由器控制策略能够在光伏出力和负荷突变的情况下维持瞬时功率平衡,保证交直流母线电压稳定,并且能够提高混合储能单元的运行效率及工作寿命。

光储一体化的屋顶分布式光伏电站的设计与建设

光伏发电是清洁安全的可再生能源发电技术,利用厂房、仓库屋顶建设分布式光伏电站,可不占用土地资源,再配备储能系统,可稳定电能质量,降低用户用电成本,是屋顶分布式光伏电站的一大发展方向。以某工厂的光储一体化的屋顶分布式光伏电站的设计与建设为例,分析了此类光伏电站的设计、接入电网方式及运行效果,以期为该类光伏电站的建设提供参考。

我国城乡一体化地区可再生能源产业化途径研究

随着人类对能源的需求不断上涨,传统化石能源在全生命周期中会排放大量温室气体,已不能满足绿色环境社会经济系统的碳中和需要;而新能源将为碳中和、碳达峰及区域环境改善做出巨大贡献。由于太阳能是新能源的一个重要分支领域,太阳能+绿氢氢能等新兴光伏产业将在满足能源需求上发挥越来越重要的作用。对于城乡一体化地区太阳能利用状况,如住宅屋顶光伏电站,以及在此基础上针对浙江省北部各种新型用途的新兴光伏产业绿色管理评价研究,同时兼顾诸如中长期资源循环通则等、与碳足迹及碳标签相关包括绿氢在内的可再生能源组合标准制定,可以客观地反映出屋顶光伏电站等新兴光伏产业基础设施在杭嘉湖平原当地环境社会经济系统中所发挥的作用。

Modeling and configuration optimization of the rooftop photovoltaic with electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid storage system for zero-energy buildings:Consider a cumulative seasonal effect

Rooftop photovoltaic(PV)systems are represented as projected technology to achieve net-zero energy building(NEZB).In this research,a novel energy structure based on rooftop PV with electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage is analyzed and optimized to provide electricity and heating load of residential buildings.First,the mathematical model,constraints,objective function,and evaluation indicators are given.Then,the simulation is conducted under the stand-alone condition.The annual return on investment and the levelized cost of energy of the system are 36.37%and 0.1016$/kWh,respectively.Residential building with the proposed system decreases annual carbon emission by 25.5 t.In the third part,simulation analysis under different grid-connected modes shows that building system will obtain better economics when connected to the grid,but the low-carbon performance will be reduced.Finally,the cumulative seasonal impact of the countywide rooftop PV buildings is discussed.The result indicates that the energy structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the grid-connected impact on the local grid.This model and optimization method developed in this paper is applicable to different climate zones and can provide management support to the investors of NZEB before the field test.