Novel promoters that confer root-specific expression would be useful for engineering resistance against problems of nutrient and water absorption by roots. In this study, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain rea...Novel promoters that confer root-specific expression would be useful for engineering resistance against problems of nutrient and water absorption by roots. In this study, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to identify seven genes with root-specific expression in rice. The isolation and characterization of upstream promoter regions of five selected genes rice root-specific promoter （rRSP） 1 to 5 （rRSP1-rRSP5） and A2P （the promoter of OsAct2） revealed that rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 are particularly important with respect to root-specific activities. Furthermore, rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 were observed to make different contributions to root activities in various species. These three promoters could be used for root-specific enhancement of target gene（s）.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the possible mechanism of Pueraria isoflavones inhibiting XOD and GLUT9 to reduce uric acid production and promote uric acid excretion. Methods: August 2021-April 2022, a total of forty SPF male ...Objective: To analyze the possible mechanism of Pueraria isoflavones inhibiting XOD and GLUT9 to reduce uric acid production and promote uric acid excretion. Methods: August 2021-April 2022, a total of forty SPF male Kunming mice were divided into the healthy group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium at a dose of 250 mg/kg), the model group (HUA mice were given carboxymethylcellulose sodium at a dose of 250 mg/kg), the low group (HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavone at a dose of 125 mg/kg), HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavones at a dose of 250 mg/kg once d frequency)and the high group (HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavones at a dose of 500 mg/kg once d frequency) dosage groups, with 8 mice in each group. The contents of uric acid (SUA), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) in serum and urine of each group were compared before and after intervention (30 d). Statistical differences of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and human glucose transporter 9(GLUT9), cy- clooxygenase- 2(COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) contents in renal tissues of each group after intervention (30 d) were compared. Results: After intervention, kidney inflammatory factors (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the model group were compared. Blood and urine indexes (SUA, BUN, SCr);The contents of XOD and GLUT9 were higher than those of healthy group(P<0.05). Renal inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) in low, medium and high dose groups;Blood and urine indexes (SUA, BUN, SCr);The contents of XOD and GLUT9 were lower than those of model group, and there were low > medium > high dose groups, the comparison between the two groups had statistical significance(P< 0.05). After intervention, the contents of 3 indicators in blood or urine(COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) all decreased compared with before intervention, and the differences in intra-group comparison were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pueraria isoflavones can treat HUA mice by inhibiting the expression of XOD and GLUT9, and then play a role in reducing uric acid pro- duction and promoting uric acid excretion, as well as alleviating the degree of disease inflammation.展开更多
Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial mi...Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial microorganisms interplay,we characterised the transcriptomes expressed in tomato roots at 24,48 and 72 h post inoculation with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T22 and analysed the epigenetic and post-trascriptional regulation mechanisms.We detected 1243 tomato transcripts that were differentially expressed between Trichoderma-interacting and control roots and 83 T.harzianum transcripts that were differentially expressed between the three experimental time points.Interaction with Trichoderma triggered a transcriptional response mainly ascribable to signal recognition and transduction,stress response,transcriptional regulation and transport.In tomato roots,salicylic acid,and not jasmonate,appears to have a prominent role in orchestrating the interplay with this beneficial strain.Differential regulation of many nutrient transporter genes indicated a strong effect on plant nutrition processes,which,together with the possible modifications in root architecture triggered by ethylene/indole-3-acetic acid signalling at 72 h post inoculation may concur to the well-described growth-promotion ability of this strain.Alongside,T.harzianum-induced defence priming and stress tolerance may be mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species,detoxification and defence genes.A deeper insight into gene expression and regulation control provided first evidences for the involvement of cytosine methylation and alternative splicing mechanisms in the plant–Trichoderma interaction.A model is proposed that integrates the plant transcriptomic responses in the roots,where interaction between the plant and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms occurs.展开更多
Rhizosphere colonization is a key requirement for the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)as a bioferilizer.Signaling molecules are often exchanged between PGPR and plants,and genes in plants may ...Rhizosphere colonization is a key requirement for the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)as a bioferilizer.Signaling molecules are often exchanged between PGPR and plants,and genes in plants may respond to the action of PGPR.Here,the luciferase luxAB gene was electrotransformed into Pseudomonas sp.strain TK35,a PGPR with an afinity for tobacco,and the labelled TK35(TK35-L)was used to monitor colonization dynamics in the tobacco rhizosphere and evaluate the effects of colonization on tobacco growth and root development.The transcript levels of the hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene,a lateral root induction indicator,in tobacco roots were examined by qPCR.The results showed that TK35-L could survive for long periods in the tobacco rhizosphere and colonize new spaces in the tobacco rhizosphere following tobacco root extension,exhibiting significant increases in root development,seedling growth and potassium accumulation in tobacco plants.The upregulation of HRGPnt3 transcription in the inoculated tobacco suggested that TK35-L can promote tobacco root development by upregulating the transcript levels of the HRGPnt3 gene,which promotes tobacco seedling growth.These findings lay a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanism underlying the plant growth-promoting activities of PGPR.Futhermore,this work provided an ideal potential strain for biofertilizer production.展开更多
Modern agriculture is facing new challenges in which ecological and molecular approaches are being integrated to achieve higher crop yields while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The application of biof...Modern agriculture is facing new challenges in which ecological and molecular approaches are being integrated to achieve higher crop yields while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The application of biofertilzers could meet this requirement. Biofertilizer is a natural organic fertilizer that helps to provide all the nutrients required by the plants and helps to increase the quality of the soil with a natural microorganism environment. This paper reviewed the types of biofertilzers, the biological basic of biofertilizers in plant growth promotion. This paper also assayed the bidirectional information exchange between plant-microbes in rhizoshpere and the signal pathway of plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) in the course of plant infection. At last, the challenges of the application and the promising future of biofertilizers were also discussed.展开更多
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots and promote plant growth by producing and secreting various chemical regulators in the rhizosphere. With the recent interest in sustainable agriculture,...Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots and promote plant growth by producing and secreting various chemical regulators in the rhizosphere. With the recent interest in sustainable agriculture, an increasing number of researchers are investigating ways to improve the efficiency of PGPR use to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs needed for crop production. Accordingly, greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of PGPR inoculants on biomass production and nitrogen (N) content of corn (Zea mays L.) under different N levels. Treatments included three PGPR inoculants (two mixtures of PGPR strains and one control without PGPR) and five N application levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended N rate of 135 kg N ha−1). Results showed that inoculation of PGPR significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and root morphology of corn compared to no PGPR application under the same N levels at the V6 growth stage, but few differences were observed at the V4 stage. PGPR with 50% of the full N rate produced corn biomass and N concentrations equivalent to or greater than that of the full N rate without inoculants at the VT stage. In conclusion, mixtures of PGPR can potentially reduce inorganic N fertilization without affecting corn plant growth parameters. Future research is needed under field conditions to determine if these PGPR inoculants can be integrated as a bio-fertilizer in crop production nutrient management strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271694)the National Transgenic Plant Program of China (2011ZX08001-003)
文摘Novel promoters that confer root-specific expression would be useful for engineering resistance against problems of nutrient and water absorption by roots. In this study, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to identify seven genes with root-specific expression in rice. The isolation and characterization of upstream promoter regions of five selected genes rice root-specific promoter （rRSP） 1 to 5 （rRSP1-rRSP5） and A2P （the promoter of OsAct2） revealed that rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 are particularly important with respect to root-specific activities. Furthermore, rRSP1, rRSP3, and rRSP5 were observed to make different contributions to root activities in various species. These three promoters could be used for root-specific enhancement of target gene（s）.
基金National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(No.S202010823014)Hunan Provincial College Student Innovation Training Project,No.(2021)199(S202110823045)。
文摘Objective: To analyze the possible mechanism of Pueraria isoflavones inhibiting XOD and GLUT9 to reduce uric acid production and promote uric acid excretion. Methods: August 2021-April 2022, a total of forty SPF male Kunming mice were divided into the healthy group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium at a dose of 250 mg/kg), the model group (HUA mice were given carboxymethylcellulose sodium at a dose of 250 mg/kg), the low group (HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavone at a dose of 125 mg/kg), HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavones at a dose of 250 mg/kg once d frequency)and the high group (HUA mice were given pueraria isoflavones at a dose of 500 mg/kg once d frequency) dosage groups, with 8 mice in each group. The contents of uric acid (SUA), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) in serum and urine of each group were compared before and after intervention (30 d). Statistical differences of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and human glucose transporter 9(GLUT9), cy- clooxygenase- 2(COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) contents in renal tissues of each group after intervention (30 d) were compared. Results: After intervention, kidney inflammatory factors (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the model group were compared. Blood and urine indexes (SUA, BUN, SCr);The contents of XOD and GLUT9 were higher than those of healthy group(P<0.05). Renal inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) in low, medium and high dose groups;Blood and urine indexes (SUA, BUN, SCr);The contents of XOD and GLUT9 were lower than those of model group, and there were low > medium > high dose groups, the comparison between the two groups had statistical significance(P< 0.05). After intervention, the contents of 3 indicators in blood or urine(COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) all decreased compared with before intervention, and the differences in intra-group comparison were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pueraria isoflavones can treat HUA mice by inhibiting the expression of XOD and GLUT9, and then play a role in reducing uric acid pro- duction and promoting uric acid excretion, as well as alleviating the degree of disease inflammation.
基金supported by research grants from the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(projects GenoPOM PON02_00395_3082360 and CL.A.N.Agri-Food CTN01_00230_240864).
文摘Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial microorganisms interplay,we characterised the transcriptomes expressed in tomato roots at 24,48 and 72 h post inoculation with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T22 and analysed the epigenetic and post-trascriptional regulation mechanisms.We detected 1243 tomato transcripts that were differentially expressed between Trichoderma-interacting and control roots and 83 T.harzianum transcripts that were differentially expressed between the three experimental time points.Interaction with Trichoderma triggered a transcriptional response mainly ascribable to signal recognition and transduction,stress response,transcriptional regulation and transport.In tomato roots,salicylic acid,and not jasmonate,appears to have a prominent role in orchestrating the interplay with this beneficial strain.Differential regulation of many nutrient transporter genes indicated a strong effect on plant nutrition processes,which,together with the possible modifications in root architecture triggered by ethylene/indole-3-acetic acid signalling at 72 h post inoculation may concur to the well-described growth-promotion ability of this strain.Alongside,T.harzianum-induced defence priming and stress tolerance may be mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species,detoxification and defence genes.A deeper insight into gene expression and regulation control provided first evidences for the involvement of cytosine methylation and alternative splicing mechanisms in the plant–Trichoderma interaction.A model is proposed that integrates the plant transcriptomic responses in the roots,where interaction between the plant and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms occurs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401269)the Key Project of the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province,China(KJ2019A0183)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention(FECPP201902)the Key Research Project of China National Tobacco Corporation Hubei Company(027Y2020-011).
文摘Rhizosphere colonization is a key requirement for the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)as a bioferilizer.Signaling molecules are often exchanged between PGPR and plants,and genes in plants may respond to the action of PGPR.Here,the luciferase luxAB gene was electrotransformed into Pseudomonas sp.strain TK35,a PGPR with an afinity for tobacco,and the labelled TK35(TK35-L)was used to monitor colonization dynamics in the tobacco rhizosphere and evaluate the effects of colonization on tobacco growth and root development.The transcript levels of the hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene,a lateral root induction indicator,in tobacco roots were examined by qPCR.The results showed that TK35-L could survive for long periods in the tobacco rhizosphere and colonize new spaces in the tobacco rhizosphere following tobacco root extension,exhibiting significant increases in root development,seedling growth and potassium accumulation in tobacco plants.The upregulation of HRGPnt3 transcription in the inoculated tobacco suggested that TK35-L can promote tobacco root development by upregulating the transcript levels of the HRGPnt3 gene,which promotes tobacco seedling growth.These findings lay a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanism underlying the plant growth-promoting activities of PGPR.Futhermore,this work provided an ideal potential strain for biofertilizer production.
文摘Modern agriculture is facing new challenges in which ecological and molecular approaches are being integrated to achieve higher crop yields while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The application of biofertilzers could meet this requirement. Biofertilizer is a natural organic fertilizer that helps to provide all the nutrients required by the plants and helps to increase the quality of the soil with a natural microorganism environment. This paper reviewed the types of biofertilzers, the biological basic of biofertilizers in plant growth promotion. This paper also assayed the bidirectional information exchange between plant-microbes in rhizoshpere and the signal pathway of plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) in the course of plant infection. At last, the challenges of the application and the promising future of biofertilizers were also discussed.
文摘Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots and promote plant growth by producing and secreting various chemical regulators in the rhizosphere. With the recent interest in sustainable agriculture, an increasing number of researchers are investigating ways to improve the efficiency of PGPR use to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs needed for crop production. Accordingly, greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of PGPR inoculants on biomass production and nitrogen (N) content of corn (Zea mays L.) under different N levels. Treatments included three PGPR inoculants (two mixtures of PGPR strains and one control without PGPR) and five N application levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended N rate of 135 kg N ha−1). Results showed that inoculation of PGPR significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and root morphology of corn compared to no PGPR application under the same N levels at the V6 growth stage, but few differences were observed at the V4 stage. PGPR with 50% of the full N rate produced corn biomass and N concentrations equivalent to or greater than that of the full N rate without inoculants at the VT stage. In conclusion, mixtures of PGPR can potentially reduce inorganic N fertilization without affecting corn plant growth parameters. Future research is needed under field conditions to determine if these PGPR inoculants can be integrated as a bio-fertilizer in crop production nutrient management strategies.
