Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region ...Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region of Northwest China. Two irrigation treatments were included, i.e., conventional furrow irrigation （CFI, two root-zones were simultaneously irrigated during the consecutive irrigation） and alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation （AFI, two root-zones were alternatively irrigated during the consecutive irrigation）. Results indicate that AFI maintained similar photosynthetic rate （Pn） but with a reduced transpiration rate when compared to CFI. As a consequence, AFI improved water use efficiency based on evapotranspiration （WUEEr, fruit yield over water consumed） and irrigation （WUE~, fruit yield over water irrigated） by 30.0 and 34.5%, respectively in 2005, and by 12.7 and 17.7%, respectively in 2006. AFI also increased the edible percentage of berry by 2.91-4.79% significantly in both years. Vitamin C （Vc） content content of berry was increased by 25.6-37.5%, and tritrated acidity （TA） was reduced by 9.5-18.1% in AFI. This resulted in an increased total soluble solid content （TSS） to TA ratio （TSS/TA） by 11.5-16.7% when compared to CFI in both years. Our results indicate that alternate furrow irrigation is a practical way to improve grape fruit quality and water use efficiency for irrigated crops in arid areas.展开更多
Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous areas.With the support of the c...Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous areas.With the support of the central government’s policies,Yan’an,Northern Shaanxi,China implemented a major land consolidation engineering project in the loess hilly-gully region from 2013 to 2018,achieving 33,333.3 ha of new cropland.However,the poor quality of some newly-constructed cropland at the initial stage hindered its efficient utilization.In order to overcome this problem,red clay and Malan loess were compounded in different volume ratios to explore the method to improve the cropland quality.The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate the effects of different soil treatments on soil water,nitrogen and maize growth.Experimental data were collected from 2018 to 2019 to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate nitrogen concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index were in the range of 11.72-14.06 mm,4.06-11.73 mg kg^(-1),835.21-1151.28 kg ha^(-1)and 0.24-0.47,respectively,while the agreement index(d)between measured and simulated values ranged from 0.70 to 0.96.It was showed that,compared with land constructed with Malan loess only(T1),the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics of land with a volume ratio of red clay and Malan loess of 2:1(T3)was better.Simulation indicated that,compared with T1,the soil water content and available water content of T3 increased by 14.4%and 19.0%,respectively,while N leaching decreased by 16.9%.The aboveground biomass and maize yield of T3 were 7.9%and 6.7%higher than that of T1,respectively.Furthermore,the water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T3 increased by 21.0%and 16.6%compared with that of T1.These results indicated that compounding red clay and Malan loess in an appropriate ratio was an effective method to improve soil quality.This study provides a technical idea and specific technical parameters for the construction or improvement of cropland in loess hilly-gully region,which may also provide reference for similar projects in other places.展开更多
[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigatio...[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigation,FURI)、交替灌溉(alternative partial root zone irrigation,APRI),3组灌水量:W_1(60%θ_f~70%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水率),W_2(70%θ_f~80%θ_f)和W_3(80%θ_f~90%θ_f),以常规灌溉作为对照,共9组交互处理。[结果](1)不同灌溉方式下,土壤各层含水率变化趋势基本一致,随灌水量增加洗盐效果越显著,常规灌溉的深层含水率总体高于其他两种灌溉方式。(2)燕麦株高、叶绿素相对含量(relative chlorophyll content of leaves,SPAD)、品质随灌水量的增加而上升,与常规灌溉相比,W_2灌溉水平下,分根交替灌溉处理的粗脂肪,粗蛋白,β-葡聚糖含量分别增加7.02%,3.76%,6.06%,但降低了燕麦叶片的SPAD值,影响其光合能力。(3)随着燕麦生育期的推进,土壤盐分均呈现不同程度的累积,分根交替灌溉的积盐率最低,同时对燕麦根系生长、水分利用效率及产量影响显著,其中根系总长、根系总表面积、根系总体积较相同灌水量(W_2)的常规灌溉分别增加6.75%,6.92%,12.5%,水分利用效率提高17.32%。[结论]采用分根交替灌溉方式下的中等灌水量(W_2)有利于提高燕麦的生产效能,对盐分累积的控制效果较好。展开更多
根区水质量模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model,RZWQM)被广泛应用于刻画土壤水文循环过程对作物生长的影响,并通过模型率定模拟指导农业生产管理。然而RZWQM模型的一次率定需要较长时间,在可接受时间范围内找到一组合适的模型参数是一...根区水质量模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model,RZWQM)被广泛应用于刻画土壤水文循环过程对作物生长的影响,并通过模型率定模拟指导农业生产管理。然而RZWQM模型的一次率定需要较长时间,在可接受时间范围内找到一组合适的模型参数是一件较困难的工作;同时传统的模型参数试错法依赖于使用者的专业知识和经验,也需要多次尝试才能达到较满意的模拟效果。提出使用稀疏网格方法建立RZWQM模型的近似替代模型,并使用随机漂移粒子群优化算法对替代模型进行自动参数优化,将优化后的参数用于RZWQM模型的实际应用模拟。替代模型近似精度高,率定速度快,大大节省了模型参数优化的计算开销。最后将提出的稀疏网格近似替代模型方法结合随机漂移粒子群优化算法使用美国爱荷华州5年玉米-大豆间中的作物产量、排水流量、NO-3-N流失量田间实测数据进行了验证分析。结果显示该方法能够极大地提高模型参数优化效率和节省人力;同时,通过模型性能评价指标PBIAS、NSE和RSR的数值比较也表明该方法优化后的RZWQM模型性能要好于传统试错法的模型性能。展开更多
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51222905, 51079147 and 50939005)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program, 2011AA100502)+1 种基金the Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education of China (NCET-11-0479)Hong Kong Research Grants Council, China (HKBU 262307)
文摘Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region of Northwest China. Two irrigation treatments were included, i.e., conventional furrow irrigation （CFI, two root-zones were simultaneously irrigated during the consecutive irrigation） and alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation （AFI, two root-zones were alternatively irrigated during the consecutive irrigation）. Results indicate that AFI maintained similar photosynthetic rate （Pn） but with a reduced transpiration rate when compared to CFI. As a consequence, AFI improved water use efficiency based on evapotranspiration （WUEEr, fruit yield over water consumed） and irrigation （WUE~, fruit yield over water irrigated） by 30.0 and 34.5%, respectively in 2005, and by 12.7 and 17.7%, respectively in 2006. AFI also increased the edible percentage of berry by 2.91-4.79% significantly in both years. Vitamin C （Vc） content content of berry was increased by 25.6-37.5%, and tritrated acidity （TA） was reduced by 9.5-18.1% in AFI. This resulted in an increased total soluble solid content （TSS） to TA ratio （TSS/TA） by 11.5-16.7% when compared to CFI in both years. Our results indicate that alternate furrow irrigation is a practical way to improve grape fruit quality and water use efficiency for irrigated crops in arid areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931293)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0504701)。
文摘Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous areas.With the support of the central government’s policies,Yan’an,Northern Shaanxi,China implemented a major land consolidation engineering project in the loess hilly-gully region from 2013 to 2018,achieving 33,333.3 ha of new cropland.However,the poor quality of some newly-constructed cropland at the initial stage hindered its efficient utilization.In order to overcome this problem,red clay and Malan loess were compounded in different volume ratios to explore the method to improve the cropland quality.The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate the effects of different soil treatments on soil water,nitrogen and maize growth.Experimental data were collected from 2018 to 2019 to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate nitrogen concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index were in the range of 11.72-14.06 mm,4.06-11.73 mg kg^(-1),835.21-1151.28 kg ha^(-1)and 0.24-0.47,respectively,while the agreement index(d)between measured and simulated values ranged from 0.70 to 0.96.It was showed that,compared with land constructed with Malan loess only(T1),the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics of land with a volume ratio of red clay and Malan loess of 2:1(T3)was better.Simulation indicated that,compared with T1,the soil water content and available water content of T3 increased by 14.4%and 19.0%,respectively,while N leaching decreased by 16.9%.The aboveground biomass and maize yield of T3 were 7.9%and 6.7%higher than that of T1,respectively.Furthermore,the water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T3 increased by 21.0%and 16.6%compared with that of T1.These results indicated that compounding red clay and Malan loess in an appropriate ratio was an effective method to improve soil quality.This study provides a technical idea and specific technical parameters for the construction or improvement of cropland in loess hilly-gully region,which may also provide reference for similar projects in other places.
文摘[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigation,FURI)、交替灌溉(alternative partial root zone irrigation,APRI),3组灌水量:W_1(60%θ_f~70%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水率),W_2(70%θ_f~80%θ_f)和W_3(80%θ_f~90%θ_f),以常规灌溉作为对照,共9组交互处理。[结果](1)不同灌溉方式下,土壤各层含水率变化趋势基本一致,随灌水量增加洗盐效果越显著,常规灌溉的深层含水率总体高于其他两种灌溉方式。(2)燕麦株高、叶绿素相对含量(relative chlorophyll content of leaves,SPAD)、品质随灌水量的增加而上升,与常规灌溉相比,W_2灌溉水平下,分根交替灌溉处理的粗脂肪,粗蛋白,β-葡聚糖含量分别增加7.02%,3.76%,6.06%,但降低了燕麦叶片的SPAD值,影响其光合能力。(3)随着燕麦生育期的推进,土壤盐分均呈现不同程度的累积,分根交替灌溉的积盐率最低,同时对燕麦根系生长、水分利用效率及产量影响显著,其中根系总长、根系总表面积、根系总体积较相同灌水量(W_2)的常规灌溉分别增加6.75%,6.92%,12.5%,水分利用效率提高17.32%。[结论]采用分根交替灌溉方式下的中等灌水量(W_2)有利于提高燕麦的生产效能,对盐分累积的控制效果较好。
文摘根区水质量模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model,RZWQM)被广泛应用于刻画土壤水文循环过程对作物生长的影响,并通过模型率定模拟指导农业生产管理。然而RZWQM模型的一次率定需要较长时间,在可接受时间范围内找到一组合适的模型参数是一件较困难的工作;同时传统的模型参数试错法依赖于使用者的专业知识和经验,也需要多次尝试才能达到较满意的模拟效果。提出使用稀疏网格方法建立RZWQM模型的近似替代模型,并使用随机漂移粒子群优化算法对替代模型进行自动参数优化,将优化后的参数用于RZWQM模型的实际应用模拟。替代模型近似精度高,率定速度快,大大节省了模型参数优化的计算开销。最后将提出的稀疏网格近似替代模型方法结合随机漂移粒子群优化算法使用美国爱荷华州5年玉米-大豆间中的作物产量、排水流量、NO-3-N流失量田间实测数据进行了验证分析。结果显示该方法能够极大地提高模型参数优化效率和节省人力;同时,通过模型性能评价指标PBIAS、NSE和RSR的数值比较也表明该方法优化后的RZWQM模型性能要好于传统试错法的模型性能。
