Growth Hormone Treatment, Cardiovascular Risk and Autonomic Maturation in Children and Adolescents with Growth Hormone Deficiency or Born Small for Gestational Age

Introduction: The impact of growth hormone therapy in children with short stature on cardiovascular prognosis seems to be unpredictable from big databases. The enhanced cardiovascular risk in this group of patients may be related to adverse autonomic imprinting by early life stress. Autonomic dysfunction and possible effects of growth hormone therapy on the autonomic nervous system can be measured easily by calculating heart rate variability (HRV) from Holter electrocardiogram monitoring. Methods: We performed HRV analysis prior to growth hormone therapy (N = 33), within the first year of growth hormone therapy between 4 and 10 years of age (N = 19), at least a further HRV measurement between 10 and 15 years (N = 30). Additional measurements were performed before and after cessation of growth hormone therapy (N = 14). Data were compared to untreated pediatric patients with short stature and to age matched healthy controls. Results: Untreated patients with short stature due to growth hormone deficiency or intrauterine growth restriction in early childhood have significantly increased heart rates most of all at night and concomitantly reduced global HRV indicated as Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN). Growth hormone treated adolescents and the untreated patients with short stature show significantly elevated mean heart rates and concomitantly reduced vagus activities measured as reduced Route Mean Square Standard Deviation (RMSSD). After cessation of growth hormone treatment SDNN significantly increases and heart rate decreases to normal values in formerly treated patients with catch-up growth. Conclusion: There is a comparable autonomic dysfunction in treated and untreated children with short stature as an indicator for enhanced cardiovascular risk. After cessation of growth hormone therapy, we found a significant improvement of reduced HRV to normal values.

Application of human growth hormone to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome during in vitro fertilization

Objective:To observe the effect of applying human growth hormone during in vitro fertilization to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) Methods:One hundred and twenty-one cycles of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in PCOS patients with anovulation from Dec.2008 to Nov.2010 were studied retrospectively.Of these 121 cycles,48 were with treatment of growth hormone(GH group),73 without GH treatment(control group).The dose of gonadotropin(Gn),the number of retrieved oocytes,good-quality embryo rate,implantation rate,frozen embryo rate,and pregnancy rate were compared. Results:The dosage of Gn was slightly higher in GH group than that in control group(29.18±8.33 vs.23.43±8.68 ampoullas,4U/ampoulla) and the number of retrieved oocytes in GH group were slightly less than that in control group(10.73±6.0 vs.14.0±8.57),but there were no significant differences(P>0.05).The good-quality embryo rate(59.1%vs.33.3%),frozen embryo rate(87.5%vs.58.9%),pregnancy rate(56.5%vs. 35.3%) and implantation rate(35.3%vs.20.4%) in GH group were all significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Early usage of GH in the ovarian hyperstimulation in PCOS patients could significantly improve good-quality embryo rate,implantation rate and pregnancy rate.

Effects of Different Hormone Treatments on Rooting and Growth of Xinjiang Early-maturing Fig Cuttings

[Objectives] To find the optimal hormone and the optimal hormone concentration for promoting rooting of the fig cuttings through the different hormone treatments for cuttings of Xinjiang early-maturing figs. [Methods]Taking Xinjiang early-maturing figs of Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College as mother trees,the semi-lignified branches were cut for cuttage and the rooting status and growth under different hormone concentrations were compared. [Results]Under the different concentrations of IBA,NAA and ABT rooting powder,the rooting rate,average root length,average number of roots,seedling rate,new shoot length and germination rate of cuttings were promoted. Especially,ABT rooting powder at the concentration of 200 mg/L showed the best promotion effect. [Conclusions]It is a good choice to use ABT rooting powder with 200 mg/L concentration in the cultivation of Xinjiang early-maturing fig cuttings.

Studies on the Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Growth Rates of the Three Pathogenic Fungi from Panax notoginseng Cultivated in Wenshan Eparchy

Objective] The aim of this study was to simultaneously isolate and identify the main pathogenic fungi of the root rot, black spot and round spot from the Panax notoginseng plants cultivated in Wenshan Eparchy of Yunnan Province of China. [Method] The pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified by using potato dextrose agar （PDA） medium. The morphological identification was accomplished first according to the colony forms of the fungi when cultivated in vitro, then accord-ing to the symptom characteristics and colony forms of the re-isolated fungi in the reverse inoculation experiments. The molecular identification was performed accord-ing to the amplification and alignment of the internal transcribed space （ITS） se-quences of the fungi. The increases of the diameters and thickness of the colonies of the fungi cultivated in vitro were employed to indicate the growth rates of the fungi. [Results] The consistency of the colony forms and symptom characteristics and the 96%-99% similarities revealed in the ITS sequence alignments al proved that the main pathogenic fungi of the root rot, black spot and round spot of the P. notoginseng plants raised in Wenshan were Cylindrocarpon didymium, Alternaria panax and Mycocentrospora acerina, respectively. When cultivated in vitro in the same temperature, humidity and il umination, the increases of the colony diameters and thickness of C. didymium were the highest, fol owed by those of A. panax, then those of M. acerina. During different cultivation periods, the differences of the colony diameters and thickness of the three fungi al reached extremely significant level. However, at the same cultivation time, the differences of the diameters and thickness among the three fungi only reached significant level. [Conclusion] The main pathogenic fungi which result in the root rot, black spot and round spot of the P. notoginseng in Wenshan are C. didymium, A. panax and M. acerina, respec-tively. When these three diseases break out at the same time, the root rot wil spread fastest, fol owed orderly by the black spot and the round spot.

Aqueous extract of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae increases mTOR-mediated growth rate in zebrafish larvae

Objective:To evaluate the effects of an aqueous extract of Protaetia brevitarsis(AEPB)on the growth of zebrafish and preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells.Methods:The effects of AEPB on the linear growth and the expression of growth-related genes in zebrafish and MC3T3-E1 cells were assessed using various molecular techniques.Furthermore,the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway in AEPB-induced growth was investigated by employing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.Results:AEPB administration led to a significant and dose-dependent increase in zebrafish larvae growth over time.Additionally,AEPB treatment upregulated the expression of growth hormone-1(GH-1),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),growth hormone receptor-1(GHR-1),and cholecystokinin-a(CCKA)in zebrafish.Similarly,AEPB stimulated the expression and release of IGF-1 and accelerated mTOR expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.In addition,rapamycin hindered AEPB-induced linear growth in zebrafish larvae and suppressed the expression of growth-promoting genes by inhibiting mTOR activation.Conclusions:AEPB shows growth-promoting effects by upregulating growth-related genes and activating the mTOR signaling pathway.Further investigations are warranted to elucidate its mechanisms of action and explore its potential application in the development of growth-enhancing supplements for various purposes.

Effect of N Fertilizers on Root Growth and Endogenous Hormones in Strawberry

Endogenous hormones play an important role in the growth and development of roots. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four types of N fertilizers on the root growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) and the endogenous enzymes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) in its roots and leaves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Application of all types of N fertilizers significantly depressed (P ≤ 0.05) root growth at 20 d after transplanting. Application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (OIF) as basal fertilizer had a significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on root growth. The application of OIF and urea lowered the lateral root frequency in strawberry plants at 60 d (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the application of two organic fertilizers (OFA and OFB) and the control (CK). With the fertilizer treatments, there were the same concentrations of IAA and ABA in both roots and leaves at the initial growth stage (20 d), lower levels of IAA and ABA at the later stage (60 d), and higher iPA levels at all seedling stages as compared to those of CK. Thus, changes in the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones in strawberry plants could be responsible for the morphological changes of roots due to fertilization.

Effect of rooting media and hormone concentrations on vegetative propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca

Vegetative propagation is widely used as a means of genotype preservation in clone banks and seed orchards but despite this, the possibility of vegetative propagation using hormones is not clear for many indigenous tree species, including Balanites aegyptiaca. This research is on the vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca as influenced by rooting media and growth hormones.Juvenile stem cuttings were obtained from 4 months old seedlings. Nodal stem cuttings 4–5 cm long from 3–5 mm diameter stems were treated with indole-3-butyric acid or indole-3-acetic acid at 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and sown in three different rooting media: top soil, river sand, and sawdust. The results reveal a significant effect(p \ 0.05)of rooting media and growth hormones on B. aegyptiaca cuttings. B. aegyptiaca can be propagated vegitatively without the use of hormones. The control was recommended for vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca.

The type, position and age effect on the cutting reproduction of Picea crassifolia and its rooting mechanism in the Qilian Mountains

Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.

Effect of Different Treatments on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Firmiana simplex

With Firmiana simplex （L.） W. F. Wight as an experiment material, the effects of different concentrations of GA3 （Gibberellin A3）, SA （Salicylic acid） and NAA （1-Naphthalene acetic acid） and stratification on the germination rate of seeds were studied firstly, and then the effects of GA3 and NAA on seedling growth were analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate could be improved by 0.075 g/L SA and stratification markedly. It was indicated by the experiment that the growth of the main root and main stem could be promoted by 0.050 g/L and 0.077 g/L NAA, respectively. However, the leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly in the GA3 and NAA treatments.

Effect of CO_2 Elevation on Root Growth and Its Relationship with Indole Acetic Acid and Ethylene in Tomato Seedlings

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of elevated carbon dioxide(CO2) on root growth of tomato seedlings.Compared with the control(350 μL L-1),CO2 enrichment(800 μL L-1) significantly increased the dry matter of both shoot and root,the ratio of root to shoot,total root length,root surface area,root diameter,root volume,and root tip numbers,which are important for forming a strong root system.The elevated CO2 treatment also significantly improved root hair development and elongation,thus enhancing nutrient uptake.Increased indole acetic acid concentration in plant tissues and ethylene release in the elevated CO2 treatment might have resulted in root growth enhancement and root hair development and elongation.

Growth performance and scale insect infestation of Shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot

Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change.Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level,including using suitable species with favourable traits.However,there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species.An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success.Seedlings of S.leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves.To study the effects of genetic variation,seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design.From performance data collected 2017‒2019,one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth,significantly higher than most of the other populations.Interestingly,this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation.This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S.leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species.It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.

3个彩叶紫薇品种的扦插繁殖对比试验

为获得紫薇硬枝扦插的最佳繁殖方法,以美国红叶紫薇、“红云”紫薇、“农紫1号”紫薇3个品种为试验材料,分别以不同品种、不同激素种类、不同激素浓度为试验因素,对紫薇的硬枝扦插繁殖进行了对比试验。结果表明:春季3月下旬至4月上旬进行硬枝扦插,插前将插穗基部在NAA、IBA以及(NAA+IBA)1500 mg/L的溶液中浸泡2 h后进行扦插,30 d后调查发现,3个品种以“农紫1号”紫薇的生根效果最好,生根率最高达92.4%。单独使用NAA、IBA溶液或使用NAA与IBA的混合溶液对扦插效果的影响不显著,对于扦插效果的影响主要体现在浸泡溶液的浓度上,使用1500 mg/L效果最好,与其他水平间均存在显著差异,该浓度下紫薇的平均生根率为91.00%,平均根长为3.00 cm,平均根量为7.93条。

袋控缓释铁肥提高梨树铁素利用率

为探究袋控缓释铁肥改善梨树缺铁黄化的效果,采用硫酸亚铁与柠檬酸混合包装,并在肥料袋中添加生根诱导调节剂6-BA,设袋控缓释铁肥(HF)、撒施铁肥(SF)和不施铁肥(CK)3个处理,分析了其对梨树细根生长状况、叶片SPAD值以及叶片活性铁含量的影响。结果表明,HF梨树根系的细根最长、根体积和根表面积最大,其中在根长和根体积指标上显著高于SF和CK(P<0.05);HF和SF两处理在生长季内细根数量显著高于CK(P<0.05);HF肥效缓慢且稳定,持续维持一定的根系生物量,延长了梨树根系的褐变时间,其中HF褐变时间最长,为54 d,其次是SF,为43 d,CK为25 d,各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);HF显著提高了根系活力(P<0.05)。HF叶片SPAD值在7月和8月显著高于SF与CK(P<0.05)。8月各处理间梨树叶片活性铁含量差异显著(P<0.05),以HF的活性铁含量最高,为27.36 mg/kg。袋控缓释铁肥有效提高了梨树铁素利用率。

洞庭湖湿地短尖薹草(Carex brevicuspis)种群克隆生长对泥沙淤积的适应

泥沙淤积是影响湿地植物生存和生长的重要因素。克隆植物是湿地生态系统的主要植物类型之一。在自然水文条件下,湿地克隆植物种群对不同淤积速率的响应研究相对较少。本研究以洞庭湖湿地优势克隆植物短尖薹草(Carex brevicuspis)为对象,通过连续3年的野外控制实验,研究了不同淤积速率(0、2、4、6 cm/a,分别对应对照组,低、中和高淤积速率组)对湿地克隆植物种群的影响。结果表明:淤积速率对短尖薹草的种群密度影响显著,淤积处理的密度显著低于对照处理。随着淤积速率的增加,密度下降,地下/地上生物量比增加,高淤积速率下种群的密度最低,地下/地上生物量比最高。与对照处理相比,泥沙淤积促进了更多的短根(<10 cm)、长根茎(≥1 cm)和游击型克隆分株的形成,长根茎的长度随淤积速率的增加而增加。高淤积速率下的长根茎数量较低,但其根长最长,表明其克隆生长策略由密集型向游击型转变。由此可见,短尖薹草种群可通过对密度、生物量分配、根系长度和克隆生长策略的调节,有效地应对不同泥沙淤积速率的影响。

基质和植物生长调节剂对大红花扦插生根的影响

为了筛选出适宜大红花Hibiscus rosa-sinensis扦插的培养条件,研究选择黄心土、轻基质、泥炭土、混合土(黄心土:轻基质:泥炭土=2:4:4)4种基质,ABT、IBA和NAA3种植物生长调节剂,250 mg/L、500 mg/L和750 mg/L3种质量浓度进行试验。结果显示,混合土基质扦插的大红花根系数量、根长、生根率及根系效果指数分别为3.86个、5.82 cm、87.50%和1.84,显著优于黄心土、泥炭土、轻基质(P<0.05);750 mg/L的ABT在根系数量、根长、生根率、根系效果指数4个方面均达到最大值,分别为5.06个、6.54、87.89%和2.68,是最适宜大红花扦插的植物生长调节剂和浓度;试验结果表明,大红花扦插生根率最高的处理为以黄心土为基质,750 mg/L的ABT激素速蘸30 s。研究探明了不同基质类型、不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度梯度下大红花穗条扦插苗生根率及根系发育差异。

戈舍瑞林联合rhGH对中枢性性早熟患儿生长速度、子宫与卵巢容积及骨代谢的影响

目的探讨戈舍瑞林联合重组人生长激素(rhGH)对中枢性性早熟患儿生长速度、子宫与卵巢容积及骨代谢的影响。方法选取遵化市人民医院于2020年5月至2022年4月收治的84例诊断为中枢性性早熟的女童作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42)。对照组采用皮下注射戈舍瑞林治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用rhGH治疗。计算两组患儿治疗前后生长速度、测定骨龄及预测成年身高;B超下观察并计算两组患儿子宫和卵巢容积;采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测Ⅰ型原胶原氨基N端前肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽交联(β-CTX)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)水平;采用放射免疫法检测卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_(2))和黄体生成素(LH)水平。结果治疗前两组患儿身高、预测成年身高、生长速度、骨龄、子宫和卵巢容积、PINP、β-CTX、N-MID、E_(2)、FSH和LH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组患儿身高、预测成年身高及生长速度较治疗前增加,且观察组治疗后身高、预测成年身高、生长速度高于对照组(t=2.812、2.159、2.049,P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿子宫和卵巢容积较治疗前缩小,且观察组小于对照组(t=5.014、3.492,P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿PINP、N-MID、E_(2)、FSH和LH水平较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组(t=3.503、2.230、3.694、3.158、2.458,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论戈舍瑞林联合rhGH能够减缓中枢性性早熟患儿第二性征发育,调节骨代谢和性激素水平。

重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果分析

目的:探讨重组人生长激素在特发性矮小症患儿中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年5月—2022年3月麻城市人民医院收治的特发性矮小症患儿68例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各34例。对照组给予常规营养治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予重组人生长激素治疗。比较两组生长速度、体质量、血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平、维生素D水平及并发症发生情况。结果:治疗前,两组生长速度、体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组生长速度、体质量高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组IGF-1、IGFBP-3、维生素D水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组IGF-1、IGFBP-3、维生素D水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的效果较好,能够促进患儿生长发育,提高生长相关因子水平,且安全性较高。

行星齿轮变速器的动力学特性分析及设计

针对增速传动与减速传动下齿轮啮合特性存在差异的现象,建立了一套同时满足增减速载荷需求、不同侧隙的设计方法。选取经典的NGW行星齿轮系为对象,采用集中参数法和有限元相结合方式对不同转矩、侧隙下的齿根应力进行计算,对比分析增速传动和减速传动下各齿轮的弯曲应力。结果表明:受负载影响,太阳轮、行星轮的应力变化呈正相关、齿圈与二者应力变化呈负相关。增速设计时,行星轮系启动瞬间齿圈啮入冲击力最大,变形最大;随转矩增大,啮入冲击力增大趋势减缓。侧隙影响系统啮合状态,合适的侧隙能提高行星轮均载稳定性。为增、减速下参考侧隙的行星齿轮设计提供了数据参考,有利于优化设计。

不同剂量生长激素在青春期前儿童的应用对生长速率及骨龄进展分析

目的分析矮小症小儿在青春期前应用不同剂量的生长激素对患儿生长速率与骨龄生长速度的影响。方法基于纳排标准筛取我院2022年6月至2022年12月期间收治的80例青春期前矮小症小儿为观察对象,依据数字列表法随机均分三组,进行常规治疗的20例小儿为对照组,联合高剂量重组人生长激素的30例小儿为高剂量组,联合低剂量的30例小儿为低剂量组,对照三组小儿的发育信息以及药物不良反应发生率。结果在治疗前,三组患儿的骨龄(BA)、身高、BA/生活年龄(CA)、生长速率(GR)、身高均值标准差积分(HtSDS)、成年身高预测(PAH)表达均无统计学差异(P>0.05),在治疗后的6、12、18个月,三组患儿的BA、身高、HtSDS、PAH、GR均升高(均P<0.05)。在治疗后的6、12、18个月高剂量组小儿的身高、HtSDS、PAH、GR表达高于低剂量组,高于对照组,且低剂量组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。三组患儿药物不良反应发生率对比差异统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论矮小症小儿在青春期前应用高剂量生长激素相较于低剂量可更为显著的提升患儿生长速率,且不会明显增加骨龄发育,安全性较佳。

薄壳山核桃嫩枝扦插生根技术与根系发育机理研究

【目的】完善薄壳山核桃嫩枝扦插技术体系,明确影响插穗根系发育的内源性物质。【方法】以卡多、金华、马罕3个薄壳山核桃品种为试验材料,设置激素种类、遮阳率、湿度水平和容器条件四因素四水平正交试验,研究不同因素对薄壳山核桃插穗生根率和根系效果指数的影响,并分析不同根系效果指数下,可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、生长素(IAA)含量、脱落酸(ABA)含量、IAA/ABA、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化规律。【结果】各因素对薄壳山核桃插穗生根率的影响次序为湿度水平=遮阳率>激素种类>容器条件,在IBA处理、0或60%遮阳率、60%<湿度水平≤90%下可保证薄壳山核桃插穗生根率,以IBA处理、60%遮阳率、60%<湿度水平≤80%下薄壳山核桃插穗根系发育效果较好,处于生根率筛选的优水平区间内。随着根系效果指数的增加,插穗苗干可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量降低,IAA含量、IAA/ABA增加、ABA含量降低,SOD、POD活性增加,其中,在根系效果指数≤0.5时,各相邻区间插穗可溶性蛋白含量和POD活性均差异显著(P<0.05);在根系效果指数≥0.3时,各相邻区间插穗IAA含量差异显著(P<0.05),且IAA/ABA提升幅度不断增大。【结论】IBA激素处理、60%遮阳率、60%<湿度水平≤80%为适宜薄壳山核桃扦插生根的优水平,插穗生根效果最优;可溶性蛋白含量、IAA含量、IAA/ABA、POD活性均与插穗根系发育密切相关。