The Antioxidant Activity of Barley Malt Rootlet Extracts in Heated Corn Oil at Frying Temperature

In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts was evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185°C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity of BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts were measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185°C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil has shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).

Tprn is essential for the integrity of stereociliary rootlet in cochlear hair cells in mice

Tprn encodes the taperin protein,which is concentrated in the tapered region of hair cell stereocilia in the inner ear.In humans,TPRN mutations cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness(DFNB79)by an unknown mechanism.To determine the role of Tprn in hearing,we generated Tprn-null mice by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 genome-editing technology from a CBA/CaJ background.We observed significant hearing loss and progressive degeneration of stereocilia in the outer hair cells of Tprn-null mice starting from postnatal day 30.Transmission electron microscopy images of stereociliary bundles in the mutant mice showed some stereociliary rootlets with curved shafts.The central cores of the stereociliary rootlets possessed hollow structures with surrounding loose peripheral dense rings.Radixin,a protein expressed at stereocilia tapering,was abnormally dispersed along the stereocilia shafts in Tprn-null mice.The expression levels of radixin andβ-actin significantly decreased.We propose that Tprn is critical to the retention of the integrity of the stereociliary rootlet.Loss of Tprn in Tprn-null mice caused the disruption of the stereociliary rootlet,which resulted in damage to stereociliary bundles and hearing impairments.The generated Tprn-null mice are ideal models of human hereditary deafness DFNB79.

苯酚-硫酸法测定麦冬须根中多糖的含量

目的测定麦冬须根中多糖的含量,与块根中多糖的含量比较。方法采用苯酚-硫酸法。结果最大吸收波长为485nm,多糖含量在0.101～1.012mg/L范围内与吸光度有良好的线性关系,回归方程为:A=0.8267C+0.0163,r=0.9992。测得麦冬块根多糖含量约为0.3016mg/g,须根多糖含量约为0.3594g/g。平均回收率为100.30%,RSD=3.14%。结论麦冬须根含多糖,且含量不低于块根。麦冬须根亦有药用价值。

麦芽根中5′-磷酸二酯酶的制备及性质

从麦芽根中提取 5′-磷酸二酯酶 ,酶活可达 474U/ m L。将所得酶液用于水解酵母核糖核酸 ,得到 5′-CMP、UMP、GMP、AMP 4种单核苷酸。最佳反应条件为 :底物 RNA浓度为0 .0 1 g/ m L,每毫升底物的酶用量为 3 0 U,酶解温度 70°C,p H7.0 ,时间 2 h,5′-核苷酸转化率达80 %。

八角枫不同药用部位的高效液相指纹图谱测定

为更好地开发和利用八角枫药材,对贵州织金地产八角枫药材不同药用部位茎、根茎、主根、须根及支根进行HPLC指纹图谱研究。采用高效液相色谱法测定了同一产地不同药用部位共10批八角枫药材,使用计算机辅助相似度评价软件进行数据处理。结果表明:八角枫药材HPLC-DAD色谱指纹图谱标示出6个共有峰。相似度计算发现,10批八角枫不同部位,其化学组成相似,但峰面积相对比例具有差异。

脊神经后根对大鼠排尿和勃起功能的选择性传导机制研究

目的:探讨脊神经后根神经小束对SD大鼠排尿和勃起功能的选择性传导机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠40只,10只用逆行神经示踪技术确定SD大鼠排尿和勃起功能的脊髓中枢,并对其腰骶部脊神经后根进行显微解剖学研究;30只进行电生理学研究:分别对大鼠排尿及勃起反射中枢所在脊髓节段的脊神经后根神经小束进行电刺激,同时记录膀胱内压、尿道灌注压和阴茎海绵体内压的变化情况,观察各神经小束对膀胱逼尿肌、尿道外括约肌和阴茎海绵体的选择性传导作用。结果:SD大鼠排尿和勃起功能的低级中枢主要位于L6、S1脊髓节段。后根分束可达神经小束水平,电刺激L6、S1脊神经后根某些小束时,膀胱内压上升,但尿道灌注压和阴茎海绵体内压的变化幅度不大;电刺激其他一些小束时,尿道灌注压上升,但膀胱内压和阴茎海绵体内压在刺激前后的变化不大;或是阴茎海绵体内压急剧上升,但膀胱内压和尿道灌注压在刺激前后的变化不大;或是引起上述两个或三个压力的同时改变。结论:SD大鼠L6、S1脊神经后根不同小束对膀胱逼尿肌、尿道外括约肌和阴茎海绵体的传导效能存在差异;通过显微解剖及电刺激可以区别L6、S1中主要传导膀胱逼尿肌、尿道外括约肌及阴茎海绵体的不同的后根神经小束。

SD大鼠腰骶部脊神经前根显微外科解剖学观察

目的:为实验性高选择性腰骶神经前根小束切断术治疗圆锥上损伤的痉挛性膀胱提供可靠的神经根分束的形态学依据。方法:对6只雄性SD大鼠L1-S4节段的脊神经前根自然分束进行形态学观察和显微测量。结果:粗细不一的神经小束从脊髓发出,几个神经小束形成一个神经亚束。2～6个神经亚束构成一个神经束,或由神经小束直接形成神经束。腰骶部脊神经前根一般含有1股神经束,3～13支神经小束。L5～S2节段前根的小束数目在5支以上。每一前根内有一支神经小束较粗大,直径0.1～0.2mm左右,其余较细小,最小可至0.01mm左右,粗细程度存在较大差异。结论:实验性高选择性腰骶部前根神经小束切断术的分束可达到神经小束水平,以7～8支为宜。

5′-磷酸二酯酶的研究进展

5′-磷酸二酯酶是水解磷酸二酯键生5′-磷酸物质的酶,用于水解核酸得到5′-核苷酸,随着核苷酸产业的发展,该酶的研究和应用也愈发显得重要起来,重点论述了在5′-核苷酸生产中常用的5′-磷酸二酯酶的作用方式、酶的性质和酶的制备及应用。

高活力5′-磷酸二酯酶制备及水解RNA的研究

目的:获得高活力5′-磷酸二酯酶液,提高核酸RNA酶解效率。方法:采用超滤和盐析技术对从麦芽根浸提液中纯化5′-磷酸二酯酶工艺进行研究,采用单因子试验法优化酶解工艺条件。结果:浸提液依次经过5万Da超滤膜浓缩、40%饱和度硫酸铵盐析、5万Da超滤膜脱盐后,酶活力可达1 500U/ml;第1次超滤膜透过液可作为浸提液循环使用,酶活力是水浸提的1.15倍;第2次超滤膜透过液浓缩5倍后,可回收56.46%硫酸铵,浓缩母液可按1∶2比例循环使用;在底物浓度5.8%、酶用量8%、反应时间2h条件下,RNA酶解率可达95%。结论:初步建立了适合工业化规模的核苷酸生产新工艺。

三七须根粉碎物土壤添加的自毒效应研究

自毒作用是导致三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]连作障碍的重要原因。对三七须根粉碎物土壤添加的自毒效应进行分析,结果发现:(1)三七须根粉碎物对三七发芽指标呈"低浓度促进,高浓度抑制"的作用趋势,但添加量≤10%时不会对发芽率和发芽指数产生显著抑制作用。(2)三七须根粉碎物对三七植株的出苗率、存苗率具有明显抑制作用;须根粉碎物添加使三七植株的株高、花苔高逐渐降低,茎粗变小,平均小叶数减少,中叶长、宽减小,同时主根的长、宽变小,须根长度变短。(3)随须根粉碎物用量增加,三七植株的地上和地下鲜重、干重及总干重均呈明显下降趋势。三七须根粉碎物土壤添加具有明显的自毒作用。

麦芽根提取5′-磷酸二酯酶对RNA酶解工艺研究

从麦芽根提取中的5′-磷酸二酯酶,原酶液酶活达到300U/mL。将提取的酶液用于水解酵母RNA,得到5′-AMP、UMP、CMP、GMP四种核苷酸,并系统研究了麦芽根5′-磷酸二酯酶对核酸的酶解条件。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:底物浓度3%,酶用量5%,温度68℃,pH6.5,水解时间为4～5h,在此条件下,酶解率可以达到84%。在酶解2h内补加RNA底物可提高酶利用率。

胸神经后根的显微外科解剖

目的 :为胸部选择性脊神经后根切断术 (SPR术 )提供可靠的后根分束的解剖学基础。方法 :对成人尸体胸神经后根的自然分束和后根间神经纤维联系 (CR)进行显微外科解剖学观测。结果 :1条胸神经后根有 4～ 6条根丝组成 ,然后形成 2～ 4根神经亚束 ,最后形成上、下 2股神经束。后根间神经纤维联系出现率为 5 5 .4% ,根据形状可分为 5型 ,根据位置可分为 3类。结论 :胸神经后根各级神经分束较易分离 ,神经纤维联系较为简单 ,有利于临床医生进行SPR术。

麦冬及其须根药效成分的对比实验

本文对川麦冬及其须根的提取物进行了口服安全性试验和主要药效成分皂甙、甾醇和酚性物质的定性和层析对比实验，证明两者一致，废弃的须根可供制作保健食品用。推荐了一种鉴识麦冬及其须根和制品以稀乙醇为展开剂的快速、简易的聚酰胺片层析方法。

Ⅱ组代谢性谷氨酸受体参与新生鼠离体延髓脑片呼吸节律性放电的调节

目的探讨Ⅱ组代谢性谷氨酸受体在延髓离体脑片基本节律性呼吸放电调节中的作用。方法以改良Kreb＇s液恒温灌流新生Sprague-Dawley大鼠（03d）离体延髓脑片标本,稳定记录与之相连的舌下神经根的呼吸节律性放电活动（RRDA）后,第一组分别给予不同浓度Ⅱ组代谢性谷氨酸受体的特异性激动剂2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate（APDC）（10、20、50μmol/L）,观察各浓度舌下神经根RRDA的变化;第二组给予特异性拮抗剂（2S）-α-ethylglutamicacid（EGLU）（300μmol/L）,观察舌下神经根RRDA的变化;第三组先给予50μmol/LAPDC持续灌流10min后再给予50μmol/LAPDC＋300μmol/LEGLU灌流10min,观察各时间点舌下神经根RRDA的变化。结果单独给予APDC后,呼吸周期和呼气时程延长、吸气时程缩短、吸气放电积分幅度降低,且有浓度依赖性;单独给予EGLU后,呼吸周期及呼气时程缩短,对吸气时程和放电积分幅度没有影响,且APDC的作用可以被EGLU部分逆转。结论Ⅱ组代谢性谷氨酸受体参与了哺乳动物基本呼吸节律的调节。

三七植物各部位的研究和开发利用

本文报道了对三七根、绒根、根茎、茎叶、花蕾,果实,果梗等的化学成分研究;皂甙提取分离方法;皂甙及黄酮类成分的生理活性及新药开发利用等的研究概况。

茶树生育与内源生长素和脱落酸的关系

用 HPLC 分析了茶树细根和新梢中的内源生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA),结果表明,茶树细根中的 IAA 和 ABA 在休眠期均处于高峰,进入生长期后其含量明显下降,IAA/ABA 的比值愈小,细根的生长强度愈大,新梢伸育过程中,IAA 和 ABA 的含量以茶芽萌动期达到最高值,并随新梢伸育而降低。新梢生育受 IAA 和 ABA 含量水平的影响,更受 IAA/ABA 的比值所支配,比值大,生长强度也大。

啤酒废酵母双酶法生产酱油的工业性探讨

在实验基础上提出了以啤酒废酵母为主要原料,添加溶菌酶与麦芽根酶进行酵母溶解与RNA的降解等工艺方法生产酱油的途径。在设计基础上叙述了啤酒废酵母在生产酱油中的主要设备和经济分析。

In vitro clonal propagation of Achyranthes aspera L. and Achyranthes bidentata Blume using nodal explants

Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.

杜仲细根室内扦插试验

本试验利用正交设计，对杜仲细根（直径＜０．７ｃｍ）进行了室内扦插育苗试验。结果表明：杜仲细根萌苗的形成和生长与插根的粗度、长度及扦插基质关系密切。粗度０．３～０．７ｃｍ，长度７～１０ｃｍ的细根在适宜的条件下具有较强的萌苗能力，粗度＜０．３ｃｍ，长度＜７ｃｍ的细根部分可形成愈伤组织。

人支气管上皮纤毛的超微结构

对20例肺癌或结核病人病变部位远端和正常部位支气管上皮纤毛,进行电镜对照观察。结果表明,人支气管上皮纤毛的超微结构也为9×2+2的微管模式结构,病变部位远端的纤毛小根,变得明显肥大,为有明显横纹的肌小节样结构。因此,对纤毛运动机制问题,提出与Satir假说不同的见解。本文认为,纤毛小根(纤毛肌?)可能是纤毛的动力装置,而不是固定装置。所以,在支气管发生病变时,由于机能增强,纤毛小根代偿肥大,结构变得明显。而微管的动力臂和轮辐,则对纤毛的运动主要起支持和固定的作用。