Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus...Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essen...Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.展开更多
The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 a...The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.展开更多
Oral candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms including pain in the oral cavity affect our eating function. While some antifungal agents are commonly used for the treatment of candidiasis, occasional co...Oral candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms including pain in the oral cavity affect our eating function. While some antifungal agents are commonly used for the treatment of candidiasis, occasional consumption of the effective dose cannot be tolerated due to side effects. There is also a possibility of induction of antifungal resistance, thus the development of replacement agents has been awaited. We aim to explore antimicrobial activities of essential oils. We evaluated the antifungal activities against C. albicans of essential oils from seven aromatic plants from three manufacturers, and of three chemotype essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). As a result, we found that the antifungal activity was increased several times by the addition of Tween 80. All the tested essential oils showed stable antifungal activity, however, the variation was observed among the manufacturers of rosemary and eucalyptus. Rosemary has three chemotypes;CINEOL, CAMPHOR and VERBENON. They derived from a same plant species, but contain different chemical components. The CINEOL, dose-dependently decreased the number of C. albicans in the time-kill assay. Hence we concluded that the components of rosemary essential oil would have an effect on its antifungal activity. A chemotype is the first to consider in measuring antifungal activities of rosemary oil.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.
基金Supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(Grant Number:10/16965-7)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(Grant Number:303029/2011-0)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.
文摘The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.
文摘Oral candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms including pain in the oral cavity affect our eating function. While some antifungal agents are commonly used for the treatment of candidiasis, occasional consumption of the effective dose cannot be tolerated due to side effects. There is also a possibility of induction of antifungal resistance, thus the development of replacement agents has been awaited. We aim to explore antimicrobial activities of essential oils. We evaluated the antifungal activities against C. albicans of essential oils from seven aromatic plants from three manufacturers, and of three chemotype essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). As a result, we found that the antifungal activity was increased several times by the addition of Tween 80. All the tested essential oils showed stable antifungal activity, however, the variation was observed among the manufacturers of rosemary and eucalyptus. Rosemary has three chemotypes;CINEOL, CAMPHOR and VERBENON. They derived from a same plant species, but contain different chemical components. The CINEOL, dose-dependently decreased the number of C. albicans in the time-kill assay. Hence we concluded that the components of rosemary essential oil would have an effect on its antifungal activity. A chemotype is the first to consider in measuring antifungal activities of rosemary oil.
