体内和体外条件下不同浓度硅酸钠和对应pH抑制粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)效果比较

本文研究了不同浓度硅酸钠和对应p H对T.roseum孢子萌发和菌落生长的抑制;100mmol/L硅酸钠和对应p H12.60处理孢子3,6,9h后,损伤接种苹果对其病斑直径的影响;以及采用扫描电镜观察处理后孢子表面形态的变化。结果表明,不同浓度硅酸钠和对应p H处理均能有效抑制T.roseum孢子的萌发和菌落生长,但硅酸钠处理的效果要更好(p<0.05),硅酸钠处理后的孢子其病斑直径明显低于对照(p<0.05),但经对应p H12.60处理后的孢子其病斑直径则与对照相比无显著性差异(p>0.05)。硅酸钠处理的孢子表面粗糙,皱缩明显,表面结构破坏,有明显的内容物渗出;对应p H处理虽然也能导致孢子皱缩,但并未破坏其结构。上述结果表明,硅酸钠比对应p H处理对T.roseum生长的抑制作用更为明显。

Bacillus pumilus HN-10对Trichothecium roseum的拮抗作用及菌体结构的影响

探究一株分离自腐败马铃薯湿粉条的短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus HN-10)对粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)的拮抗作用及菌体结构的影响.采用体外拮抗法检测其对T.roseum菌丝体生长和孢子萌发的影响,结合甜瓜(Cucumis melo L)损伤接种试验验证其对病害控制效果,测定了供试病原菌粉红单端孢的生长曲线,电导率,胞内蛋白和核酸渗出量等生理,生化指标,并借助扫描电镜图像来进一步考察拮抗效果.结果表明:短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus HN-10)发酵液对T.roseum菌丝生长和孢子萌发有明显抑制效果,发酵液对接种粉红单端孢的甜瓜引起的腐烂抑制效果显著,且随发酵液浓度越大,伤口腐烂病斑直径越小;发酵液蛋白粗提物能够抑制T.roseum菌体生物量增加;电导率、吸光度(OD260,OD280)及扫描电镜结果发现,该粗提物处理改变或破坏了细胞膜结构完整性,提高了细胞膜的通透性,使胞内物质渗出.

Trichothecium roseum蛋白激发子诱导杏果抗黑斑病的作用机理

研究非亲和菌株粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)菌体蛋白激发子对杏果实抗黑斑病的诱导效果及其作用机理。以‘兰州大接杏’为试材,通过处理后不同时间损伤接种杏果黑斑病菌(Alternaria alternata),研究T.roseum蛋白激发子对杏果实黑斑病抗病性的诱导及其时效性,同时进一步研究最佳处理质量浓度对杏果实组织活性氧及抗性相关酶的影响。结果表明,T.roseum蛋白激发子处理可显著抑制损伤接种杏果病斑的扩展(P<0.05),其中14.4μg/m L蛋白激发子的控制效果最好,且诱导处理72 h时杏果产生最大抗性。T.roseum蛋白激发子处理后杏果组织O2-·的生成速率和H2O2含量分别在48 h和72 h出现明显的峰值,同时处理的果实组织超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性均有所增强。T.roseum菌体蛋白激发子处理能显著增强杏果组织的抗性,其可能是通过激发活性氧爆发和提高杏果实抗病性相关酶的活性来实现的。可见T.roseum蛋白激发子可以作为一种有潜力的诱抗剂应用于采后病害的控制。

破囊壶菌Thraustochytrium roseum产DHA的营养条件研究

探讨了碳源、氮源、碳氮比、不饱和脂以及植物激素等营养条件对破囊壶菌Thraus tochytriumroseumMF2产DHA的影响。实验结果表明 ,葡萄糖是T roseumMF2产DHA的理想碳源 ,适宜的葡萄糖浓度为 40g/L ;谷氨酸钠是T roseumMF2产DHA的理想氮源 ;适宜的碳氮比为 70左右 ;紫苏油、BA和GA配合使用使DHA产量提高 10 6% ,达到 12 42mg/L。

Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Rutin and Antioxidant Capacities of Wild <i/>Allium roseum</i>from Italy

This study is designed to investigate the antioxidant status and the presence of biologically-active compounds in Allium roseum L. and to compare the results with those of Allium sativum L. The content of thiosulfinates (Thio) and the levels of flavonols (quercetin and rutin), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzymes activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), were evaluated in bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers. Our study shows that bulbs of Allium roseum contain levels significantly higher of GSH, GSSG, AA, Thio, rutin and the activity of GPx and GR significantly higher than bulbs of Allium sativum. Moreover, the bulbs of Allium roseum show a significantly higher content of GPx, GR, CAT, GSH and GSSG than bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers of Allium roseum. In Allium roseum, the greatest content of Thio is present in the flowers bulblets, while the levels of AA, quercetin and rutin are greater in the flowers. In conclusion, our result shows how Allium roseum exhibits antioxidant capabilities in all its fresh organs. The bulbs, bulblets, flowers bulblets, leaves and flowers are a good source of important bioactive compounds. Allium roseum possesses properties comparable to garlic indicating its possible nutritional and medicinal value.

单因素和正交试验法优选大叶藓(Rhodobryum roseum)傅里叶红外光谱处理条件

目的:优选大叶藓(Rhodobryum roseum(Hedw.)Limpr.)红外光谱处理条件。方法:运用单因素考察和正交试验相结合的形式,采用L16(45)正交设计法以样品的粉碎粒度(A)、样品与KBr混合比例(B)、样品压片质量(C)、压片压力(D)、压片时间(E)5个因素,每个因素选取4个水平进行试验。结果:样品的粉碎粒度和样品与KBr混合比例两个因素对红外光谱共有峰的吸收率影响最显著。结论:大叶藓红外光谱最佳处理条件为:样品粉碎后过200目(75μm)筛,样品与KBr混合比例为4∶100、样品压片质量30mg、压片压力10MPa、压片时间30S。

破囊壶菌Thraustochytrium roseum脂质氧化稳定性研究

探讨破囊壶菌T.roseum MF_2脂质的氧化稳定性。实验结果表明,T.roseum MF_2脂质由于富含高度不饱和脂肪酸,十分容易氧化;培养基添加L-酪氨酸以及低温培养能在一定程度上提高 T.roseum MF_2脂质的氧化稳定性;脂质中添加抗氧化剂能显著延缓 T.roseum MF_2脂质的氧化。

Research Progress of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr.

This paper systematically expounds the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr.,in order to provide a reference for further research and development.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of <i>Epilobium roseum</i>(Schreb.) against Bacterial Strains

Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the Epilobium roseum (Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. The various extracts of Epilobium roseum (Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The IC50 of the stem and root of methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed best activity ranged between 22.73 ± 6.92, 21.49 ± 6.26 and 14.94 ± 3.54, 13.92 ± 1.04 μg/ml compared to another fraction. The results support that Epilobium roseum can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The results support the present study that Epilobium roseum (Schreb) has a potential source of natural antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potentials.

Trichothecium roseum的酸碱属性及pH值对其胞外酶活性和致病性的影响

目的:明确粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)侵染果实的酸碱性质,测定3种pH值孢子悬浮液接种对苹果果实病斑直径及胞外酶活性的影响。方法:用T.roseum接种“富士”苹果,测定果实病斑处的pH值变化。用pH值分别为3、5和7的孢子悬浮液接种果实,观察接种对果实病斑直径及病斑处果胶酶和纤维素酶活性的影响。结果:T.roseum接种后果实病斑处的pH值显著升高,由第0天的3.54升高至第12天的4.84,提高了36.7%。3种pH值孢子悬浮液接种果实后,以pH 7接种的果实病斑直径最大,第9天时分别高出pH 5与pH 3接种的35.2%与68.0%。pH 7接种的果实病斑处具有最高的果胶酶及纤维素酶活性,第9天时的果胶甲酯酶、果胶甲基多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性分别为pH 3接种的2.95、1.61倍和1.68倍,为pH 5接种的2、1.25倍和1.39倍。此外,pH 7接种的果实病斑处纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶第9天的活性分别为pH 3接种的1.97倍和1.64倍,为pH 5接种的1.33倍和1.3倍。结论:T.roseum属碱化菌,中性或偏碱环境可提高该菌损伤接种苹果果实病斑处的胞外酶活性,增强其致病性。

Trichothecium roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物对苹果青霉病的控制效果及其诱导抗病机理

以‘红富士’苹果为试材,通过粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)菌丝体细胞壁提取物处理后24 h损伤接种扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),研究其对苹果果实青霉病的抑制效果,并通过生化方法进一步揭示了T. roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物的部分诱导抗病机理。结果表明,T. roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物处理能有效抑制损伤接种P. expansum苹果青霉病的扩展,其中以150 mg/mL T. roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物处理效果最好,处理后第5天病害程度相比于对照组降低了29.5%。进一步研究表明,150 mg/mL T. roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物处理显著提高了贮藏期间果实组织中多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、4-香豆酰-辅酶A连接酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶和肉桂醇脱氢酶的活力(P<0.05),同时提高了果实组织中总酚、类黄酮和木质素的含量。进一步推断出T. roseum菌丝体细胞壁提取物可通过促进苯丙烷代谢、提高抗性相关酶的活力和抗性物质的积累而增加果实的抗病性。

真菌Gliocladium roseum CGMCC 3.3657酚类次生代谢产物研究

目的研究Gliocladium roseum CGMCC 3. 3657乙酸乙酯提取物的次生代谢产物情况,为挖掘该菌株可能存在的应用价值奠定基础。方法通过乙酸乙酯萃取液体发酵产物,采用中压制备色谱、硅胶柱层析法分离次生代谢产物,经~1H、^(13)C NMR进行化合物结构鉴定。结果从G. roseum CGMCC 3. 3657发酵液乙酸乙酯粗提物中分离得到4个苯酚类化合物,经核磁共振波谱分别鉴定为:(1)对羟基苯甲醛;(2)对羟基苯甲酸;(3)3,4-二羟基苯甲酸;(4)3,5-二羟基苯甲酸。结论化合物1、2、3、4均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。

A New Epidithiodioxopiperazine Metabolite Isolated from Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133

Glioclatine,a novel epidithiodioxopiperazine was isolated from wheat solid-substrate fermentation of Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133. Its structure was elucidated by HRESI-MS and NMR spectra.

粉红单端孢Trichothecium roseum对雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的生物转化

雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(4AD)是甾体化合物合成过程中的关键中间体,其羟化产物通常具有良好的药理活性或作为工业生产甾体药物的重要中间体。利用粉红单端孢Trichothecium roseum对4AD进行生物转化,从其发酵提取物中共分离鉴定了3个4AD羟基化产物:6β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(6β-OH-4AD,1),14α-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(14α-OH-4AD,2),6β,14α-双羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(6β,14α-di-OH-4AD,3),表明T.roseum对4AD的C-6β位和C-14α位具有较强的羟化能力,其中14α-OH-4AD(2)可作为合成强心甾类化合物毛地黄毒素的重要中间体,6β,14α-di-OH-4AD(3)可作为合成具有抗肿瘤活性的14α-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,6,17-三酮的重要中间体。提供了1株能够高效制备活性甾醇中间体14α-OH-4AD和6β,14α-di-OH-4AD的菌株,同时可为研究其他甾醇药物奠定基础。

金刺梨叶部病害发生规律调查及病原鉴定

[目的]明确金刺梨叶部病害的发生规律和主要病原菌种类。[方法]于2021年6、7、10月对安顺市普定山地金刺梨产业示范园金刺梨2种主要叶片病害黑斑病和白粉病进行调查,并采用组织分离法和科赫法则检测叶片黑斑病病原菌。[结果]6、7月金刺梨叶片的黑斑病和白粉病病株率分别为68.00%、68.00%和40.00%、62.00%,而10月黑斑病病株率则高达94.00%,白粉病病株率为0,病情指数分别为0.022 8±0.014 3、0.041 0±0.039 4、0.166 4±0.094 7和0.068 0±0.136 0、0.077 0±0.111 5、0.000 2±0.000 4。通过分离得到叶片黑斑病病原菌共2株,经过形态学与分子生物学鉴定,分别为紫荆间座壳菌(Diaporthe cercidis.)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)。金刺梨2种主要叶部病害的发生率和病情指数随着季节变化而变化,其中10月黑斑病病害的发生最为严重,白粉病未见发病。[结论]报道了金刺梨叶片黑斑病的病原菌种类,为其病害防治提供了科学依据和参考。

Analysis of the effects of antifungal peptide P-1 from Bacillus pumilus HN-10 on energy metabolism of Trichothecium roseum

This study investigated the antifungal activity and possible mode of action of Bacillus pumilus HN-10 antifungal peptide P-1 against Trichothecium roseum.The results showed that the antifungal peptide P-1 at a concentration of 1.0μg mL^(-1)had strong antifungal activity against T.roseum.P-1 inhibited the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)pathway and the transporter pathway of NADH to coenzyme Q on the electron transport chain.P-1 significantly reduced succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH),ATPase,mitochondrial complex enzymes I,II and IV enzyme activities on the electron transport chain,and 5'-triphosphate(ATP),5'-diphosphate(ADP),5'-monophosphate(AMP)content,and energy charge(EC);significantly increased 6-phosphofructokinase(PFK)enzyme activity.The release of Ca^(2+)(OD_(680))from the inner mitochondrial membrane and the openness of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)were analysed,and microscopy was performed following staining of mitochondria with JC-1.The results indicated that P-1 significantly increased the release of Ca^(2+) and the openness of MPTP,decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential,and produced green fluorescence;transcriptomics data analysis showed that there were 39 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to energy metabolism enzymes.The results verified by qRT-PCR were basically consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.Thus,P-1 achieved its inhibitory effect mainly by regulating genes related to energy metabolism.

Isolation of bioactive antioxidant compounds from the aerial parts of Allium roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.

Objective:To assess the antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Allium roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.(A.roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.)for the first time,as well as to isolate the main bioactive compounds.Methods:The chloroformic extract of Allium roseum(A.roseum)and their fractions obtained by subjection to a chromatographic study were tested for their antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)assays.An activity-guided purification was conducted to isolate five compounds in pure form where their structures were identified by means of nuclear magnetic resonance analyses,including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.Results:The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of chloroformic extract and their fractions from A.roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.showed interesting results.The active chloroformic extract afforded five isolated compounds where their structures were identified as β-sitosterol(1),chrysoeriol(2),luteolin(3),apigenin(4),andβ-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(5).All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the A.roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.The three flavonoids(2–4)exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC_(50) values of 62.28,21.26 and 513.42μg/mL,respectively(2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay)and 218.00,73.50 and 877.66μg/mL,respectively[2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)assay].An important value of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(2.10 mmol/L)was reported for luteolin(3).Conclusions:These results may suggest that the A.roseum var.grandiflorum subvar.typicum Regel.have great potential as a source of a natural preservative ingredient in beneficial for natural health products.

回心草化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展

回心草为我国少数民族传统药用植物,药用历史久远,主要分布在我国西南、东北和华北地区。经现代药物学分析,其化学成分主要包括三萜类、氨基酸类、黄酮类、甾体类、脂肪酸类、生物碱类、吡喃酮类、芳香族类化合物及其微量元素等。药理学研究发现这些化学成分具有多方面的药理作用,包括降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、降血压、抗肿瘤、清除自由基、抗心律失常及抗缺氧等药理作用,其在心血管系统、免疫系统、内分泌系统、神经系统方面有着广泛的应用价值,为此回心草越来越受到医药学界的广泛关注。随着现代中药药理学和中药分离提纯技术的不断发展,回心草的化学成分和药理作用将得到更多的发现,其临床应用也将得到进一步的推广。文章就回心草的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用的相关研究作出综述,为回心草的药理学研究和临床应用提供科学的依据。

党参采后贮藏期间粉霉病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

【目的】为探索引起新鲜党参采后贮藏期间粉霉病的病原,明确其发病规律,为新鲜党参采后病害控制提供理论依据。【方法】以采后新鲜健康党参为研究对象,通过形态学和分子生物学技术对新鲜党参采后粉霉病的病原菌进行分离、纯化、鉴定,并对影响粉霉病病原菌生长发育的因素进行分析。【结果】引起新鲜党参采后贮藏期粉霉病的病原菌为粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)。该菌在65℃下10 min致死,温度25℃、pH中性偏酸、24 h黑暗,麦芽糖为碳源,蛋白胨为氮源时,菌落生长最好;在温度为25℃、pH中性偏酸、24h光照,蔗糖为碳源,蛋白胨为氮源时,产孢量最多。【结论】确定了党参粉霉病病原为粉红单端孢菌,并明确了其最适温湿度、pH值、碳源、氮源、光照条件及致死温度等生物学特性,为进一步分析党参粉霉病的产毒种类、有效控制粉霉病的发生提供理论基础。

不同运输包装对接种苹果粉红单端孢霉生长及生理指标的影响

以接种粉红单端孢霉(Trichothecium roseum)的红富士苹果为实验材料,通过测定毒素种类及含量、粉红单端孢霉生长情况和果实相关生理指标,探究运输及不同运输包装方式对接种粉红单端孢霉苹果产生毒素水平及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,运输接种苹果中细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid,TeA)毒素的含量高于未运输接种苹果,裸露包装、敞口包装的接种苹果中TeA毒素的含量要高于掩口处理的接种果;运输处理在一定程度上降低了接种苹果的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,刺激了接种苹果的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量。说明运输及运输包装方式在一定程度上影响接种粉红单端孢霉红富士苹果中毒素含量及相关生理指标,进而影响到接种苹果的品质及生理代谢。