Antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.alone and in combination with cefuroxime against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus and Lavandula essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Orgyia trigotephras(Lepidoptera,Lymantriidae)

Objective:To evaluate toxic activities of essential oils obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula stoechas against the fourth larval instars of Orgyia trigotephras.Methods:A total of 1 200 larvae were divided into three groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Group Ⅰ was to investigate the effect of extracted essential oils from these aromatic plants as gastric disturbance.Bacillus thuringiensis and ethanol were used as control group.Group Ⅱ was used as contact action and Group Ⅲ was used as fumigant action.Oecis and ethanol were used as control group.During the three experiments,the effect of essential oils on larvae was assessed.Results:The chemical composition of essential oils from two medicinal plants was determined and,their insecticidal effects on the fourth larval slate of Orgyia trigotephras were assessed.The two simples presented an insecticidal activity,nevertheless Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was less efficient compared to Lavandula stoechas one are discussed.Conclusions:The relationship between the chemical composition and the biologieal activities is confirmed by the present findings.Therefore the potential uses of these essential oils as bioinsecticides can he considered as an alternative to the use of synthetic products.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and antioxidant action against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol in the rat

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.

Essential oil of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L. and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens

The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.

Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for the Sorption of Mercury (II) onto Activated Carbon from <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>Leaves

The present work deals with the equilibrium adsorption of Hg(II) onto carbonized Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (ACROL) as a new adsorbent from aqueous solution and it has been investigated. ACROL samples were prepared by physical carbonization at 773 K for 1 h. Titration method was used to determine the concentration of Hg(II) before and after adsorption onto ACROL by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA, as chelating agent. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out under different experimental conditions such as Hg(II) concentration and temperature. The relationship between the amount of Hg(II) onto ACROL can be described using four tow-parameter isotherm models. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) and Temkin isotherms. The experimental results were found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 588.2 mg/g at 318 K, while they were found to fit the Freundlich isotherm model at 298 K. The KL was decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a bond strength between Hg(II) and ACROL decreased with increasing temperature and sorption is exothermic. From DRK isotherm, free energy, E, was higher than 31 kJ/mol suggesting the Hg(II) adsorption onto ACROL chemical sorption. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the process is spontaneous nature of Hg(II) adsorption by ACROL and exothermic. The findings from this research show that ACROL has capability to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solutions.

Kinetic Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Choiba Oil(Dipteryx oleifera Benth.)with Addition of Rosemary Extract(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Choibá (Dipteryx oleifera Benth.) is a promising source of edible oil with high nutritional quality and a significant content of oleic acid (52% - 54%). To promote Choibá as source of edible oil is necessary to ensure its stability along the time of production, distribution and storage. Loss of nutritional and organoleptic quality in lipids is mainly due to lipid peroxidation reactions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stability of Choibá oil at 100°C ± 1°C with aeration (1150 mL air/min) supplemented with rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), at 1000 mg/L (RE1000) and 1500 mg/L (RE1500), and with BHT (200 mg/L) and from this results to evaluate the degradation kinetics and shelf-life of Choibá oil at 35°C, 45°C and 55°C without addition of antioxidants (Control) and with addition of best concentration of rosemary extract obtained from previous study. Progress in oil oxidation was measured through the extent of oxidation products: peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results revealed that the addition of rosemary extract at 1500 mg/L significantly reduced de formation of hydroperoxides (PV), more than BHT. Through correlations between concentrations of antioxidant (including control without antioxidant) with peroxide values, the kinetics of degradation and shelf-life of Choibá oil with predictive models are evaluated in real time and accelerated (35°C, 45°C and 55°C) using the Arrhenius equation. In addition, the oxidation reactions of this oil follow a first order kinetic model for PV and zero order kinetic model for TBARS. The rate of formation of PV was dependent on the storage temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 4611.5071 J/mol for Control and 7409.5771 J/mol for RE1500 treatment. The result of TBARS didn’t adjust to Arrhenius model, thus measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) wasn’t a useful parameter for shelf-life determination of Choibá oil.

Stability Study of O/W Cosmetic Emulsions Using <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>and <i>Calendula officinalis</i>Extracts

Cosmetic emulsions, as all macro emulsions, are inherently unstable systems, from a thermodynamic viewpoint. More specific eco-friendly oil/water (O/W) cosmetic emulsions are usually less stable than conventional ones as milder chemicals or less intense (energy consuming) production processes are involved. In this context, two traditional techniques an optical technique and a volumetric one have been used for the assessment of the stability of cosmetic emulsions and compared to each other. Eco-friendly cosmetic emulsions were produced with different olive oil/water extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts) and emulsifier (Glycerol monostearate, GMS) concentrations. Emulsions’ stability was registered simultaneously by 1) Microscopy photos of samples withdrawn at regular intervals from the test vessel;2) global volumetric measurements of the different phases (water/oil/emulsion) inside the test vessel made at regular intervals for determining the evolution of the location of the phases separation interface. Analysis of the results of each technique and comparisons among them are presented and discussed in detail.

Adsorption properties of Rosmarinus officinalis oil as green corrosion inhibitors on C38 steel in 0.5 M H_2SO_4

Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was tested as corrosion inhibitor of steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 using weight loss measurements, and electrochemical .polarisation methods. Results obtained indicate that the corrosion rate is reduced and R. officinalis oil adsorbs on the metal surface and then inhibits corrosion process. Its inhibition efficiency increases with oil increasing content to reach 61% at 1 g/L. Polarisation curves indicate that RO acts as a cathodic inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency of naturally oil remains slightly constant with the rise of temperature. Chemical analysis of R. officinalis essential oil was carried out using capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil composition was characterized by high amount of oxygenated monoterpene （77%） with 1,8-cineol （52.1%） as main component. Discussion of adsorption was investigated on the the isotherm adsorption of essential oil on basis of essential oil composition. Finally the steel has been also reported.

Three new ursane-type triterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis and their biological activities

Three new ursane-type triterpenoids,3-oxours-12-en-20,28-olide(1),3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-20,28-olide(2)and 3β-hydroxyurs-11,13(18)-dien-20,28-olide(3),were isolated from a potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial fraction of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis.Their structures were elucidated by a combination of extensive 1D-and 2D-NMR experiments,MS data and comparisons with literature reports.Compounds 1-3 exhibited significantly inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages,but no antibacterial activity was found at a concentration of 128μg·mL^(-1).

Antibacterial,antioxidative and sensory properties of Ziziphora clinopodioides–Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil nanoencapsulated using sodium alginate in raw lamb burger patties

This study was aimed to encapsulate Ziziphora clinopodioides –Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (Z-REO) using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and to evaluate its performance on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities and sensory attributes in lamb burger patties during cold storage for 12 days.GC-MS analysis of Z-REO indicated carvacrol (21.5%) and thymol (16.9%) were the major components.SEM images showed the formation of encapsulated particles.The presence of encapsulated Z-REO in NaAlg was proved based on the increase in band intensity of FTIR spectra.By increasing mass ratios of NaAlg:Z-REO from 1:1 to 2:1,and 4:1,encapsulation efficiency was increased.Average zeta-potential values (mV) of the mass ratios 4:1 and 2:1 were −48.67 and −44.83,indicating the stability of encapsulated particles.The average size of particles ranged from 159.14 nm to 256.14 nm.The results showed that the encapsulated nanoparticles could markedly decrease the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus and delay the lipid oxidation of lamb patties compared to the control samples and in samples with free Z-REO.Furthermore,nanoparticles efficiently decreased discoloration and off-odor development in the patties.Therefore,NaAlg-Z-REO nanoparticles could efficiently reduce bacterial growth and oxidative or sensory deterioration of lamb patties during storage.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula stoechas essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Orgyia trigotephras(Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)

Objective:To evaluate toxic activities of essential oils obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula stoechas against the fourth larval instars of Orgyia trigotephras.Methods:A total of 1200 larvae were divided into three groups-I,II,III.Group I was to investigate the effect of extracted essential oils from these aromatic plants as gastric disturbance.Bacillus thuringiensis was used as referencee and ethanol as control.Group II was used as contact action and Group III was used as fumigant action.For both Groups II and III,Decis was used as reference and ethanol as control.During the three experiments,the effect of essential oils on larvae was assessed.Results:The chemical composition of essential oils from two medicinal plants was determined,and their insecticidal effects on the fourth larval state of Orgyia trigotephras were assessed.They presented an insecticidal activity.Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was less efficient compared to Lavandula stoechas.Conclusions:The relationship between the chemical composition and the biological activities is confirmed by the present findings.Therefore the potential uses of these essential oils as bioinsecticides can be considered as an alternative to the use of synthetic products.

Antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus eriocalyx essential oil and polyphenols:An endemic medicinal plant from Algeria

Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial potency of Rosmarinus eriocalyx(R.eriocalyx)essential oil and total polyphenols against pathogenic microorganisms.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of R.eriocalyx extracts was assessed by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations determination.Essential oil obtained from endemic rosemary by hydrodistillation was analysed by gas chromatograph/retention index and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.Results:An interesting antimicrobial activity was shown by R.eriocalyx extracts.Polyphenols,constituted mainly by flavonoids,were the most effective extract with very low minimum inhibitory concentrations values,ranged between 0.06 and 8.00 mg/mL,while essential oil was less efficient.It should be noted that antimicrobial activities of both R.eriocalyx extracts were more directed against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative ones,in which Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,and Candida albicans were the most sensitive strains.Concerning chemical composition of R.eriocalyx essential oil,camphor(37.8%),1,8-cineole(17.4%),camphene(13.3%),and α-pinene(10.9%)were the major compounds.Conclusions:The findings of the present study indicate that R.eriocalyx extracts possess significant bactericidal and fungicidal activities.Because of its richness in essential oil,and especially flavonoids,R.eriocalyx may be a source for effective and safe antimicrobial agents.

Effects of diterpene phenol extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis on TGFβ1 and mRNA expressions of its signaling pathway molecules in the lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis rats

Objective To investigate the regulative mechanism of the diterpene phenol extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis (DERO) on the imbalance of collagen metabolism of the lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis rats.Methods Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal saline group (NS) ,bleomycin-induced

迷迭香挥发油提取工艺优化及其化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)挥发油,运用正交设计优化提取工艺。结果表明,迷迭香挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为迷迭香剪成1 cm长的小段、料水质量比1∶15、浸泡时间3 h、提取时间4 h,此条件下挥发油的得率为1.870%。运用GC-MS技术分析并比较了迷迭香鲜样和干样挥发油的化学成分,结果表明二者化学成分基本相同,药材阴干后挥发油品质没有受到明显影响。

迷迭香叶片愈伤组织诱导及再分化培养

本研究以迷迭香叶片为外植体,探索愈伤组织形成及再分化条件。结果表明:蔗糖含量较高的培养基可促进愈伤组织形成,其中以MS+蔗糖50g/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L效果最好,诱导率可达88%;愈伤组织再分化形成不定芽时,以MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L效果较好,再分化率达50%;MS+6-BA0.8mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L诱导不定芽增殖,增殖率可达到300%多;不定芽生根时,MS+NAA0.1mg/L效果较好,生根率可达65%。同时,研究发现,尽管外植体被消毒至无菌,但75%乙醇复合其它灭菌剂共同灭菌时,会导致外植体大量死亡。

广西巴马迷迭香精油化学成分分析

运用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对比研究广西巴马迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)鲜叶和干叶中精油成分的差异。从鲜叶提取的精油中分离出58种化学成分,鉴定了43种,占总含量的97.83%;从干叶提取的精油中分离出54种化学成分,鉴定了44种,占总含量的99.56%。鲜叶与干叶提取精油的主要成分基本相同,包括α-蒎烯、1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、α-松油醇、莰烯、龙脑、异龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯和马鞭草烯酮等9种成分,分别占精油总含量的80.99%和87.98%,其中含量较高的α-蒎烯各占21.34%、33.23%,1,8-桉叶素各占25.69%、24.59%。结果表明,广西巴马迷迭香的化学成分接近于西班牙型的迷迭香。

3种叶面肥对迷迭香生长的影响

研究了叶面施用磷酸二氢钾、尿素、花多多1号对迷迭香(Rosmarinus of ficinalis)的茎长、茎粗和鲜重的影响。结果表明,每周对叶面喷施800倍花多多1号效果最好。

迷迭香中迷迭香酸提取工艺的优化

采用正交试验优化迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)中迷迭香酸的提取工艺,考察了乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比等因素对迷迭香酸提取率的影响。结果表明,迷迭香酸的最佳提取工艺条件为采用超声波辅助提取40 min,乙醇体积分数为15%,料液比为1∶20(m/V,g∶mL)。所筛选出来的最佳提取工艺稳定可行,重现性好。

迷迭香水提液对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后SOD和·OH的影响

[目的]研究迷迭香水提液对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和羟自由基(.OH)抑制能力的影响。[方法]取健康SD雌性大鼠50只,采用4-血管阻断(4-VO)方法建立全脑缺血再灌注动物模型,造模前灌胃给药7 d,造模后3 h取材,利用分光光度法检测大鼠肝、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和羟自由基(.OH)抑制能力。[结果]与模型组比较,迷迭香水提液各剂量组均能显著提高大鼠各组织中SOD活力(P<0.01)和.OH抑制能力(P<0.05或P<0.01),并存在一定的量效关系,以高剂量组(50 g/kg)效果最佳。[结论]迷迭香水提液对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与改善氧化应激状态有关。

Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpktus）.Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 ppm.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions.The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito species.However,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus with the LC50 and LC90 values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,respectively.All the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than An.subpktus.Among four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus,respectively.Conclusions: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus.