Simple Push-Type Wave Generating Method Using Digital Rotary Valve Control

The important parameters to describe waves are their amplitude and length.In order to make it easier to improve wave amplitude and facilitate wave experiment,a simple push-type wave generating method using digital rotary valve control was proposed and different wave amplitudes were generated by the new method.After the mathematical model of the new method had been established,numerical analysis based on the linear wave theory was carried out by means of Matlab/Simulink software tools,and experiments were conducted on the push-type wave maker to ascertain the validity of the established model and the numerical simulation results.It shows that both experimental and theoretical results agree relatively well,and the plate motion frequency and amplitude of the push-type wave maker can be continuously adjusted and the various required regular waves can be obtained.Although the wave amplitude and length descends with the increasing of working frequency,the wave amplitude can be improved conveniently by setting the axial opening width of the valve and the oil supply pressure of system.The wave length remains unchanged with the axial opening width and the oil supply pressure change.The research indicates that different regular waves can be easily generated by the new method and the wave amplitude can be further improved in a certain plate motion frequency range.

Vibration Frequency Characteristic Study of Two-stage Excitation Valve Used in Vibration Experiment System

To satisfy the demands of higher frequency and amplitude in hydraulic vibration experiment system,the two-stage excitation valve is presented,and a mathematical model of two-stage excitation valve is established after analyzing the working principle of two-stage excitation valve,then the influence of relevant parameters on the displacement of main spool of two-stage excitation valve is studied by using Matlab/Simulink to calculate and analyze.The results show that the displacement of main spool will be smaller with bigger diameter and more secondary valve ports.When the reversing frequency is higher and the oil supply pressure is lower as well as the axial guide width of valve ports is smaller,the maximum displacement of main spool is smaller.The new two-stage excitation valve is easy to adjust reversing frequency and flow.The high frequency can be achieved by improving the rotation speed of servo motor and adding the number of secondary valve ports;the large flow can be realized by increasing the axial guide width of secondary valve ports and oil supply pressure.The result of this study is of guiding significance for designing the rotary valve for the achievement of higher reversing frequency and larger flow.

微小流量旋转直驱伺服阀传控特性分析与优化

针对无人机、战术弹、支线民航等小型飞行器航空发动机燃油计量系统与推力矢量系统微小流量的伺服控制需求,就旋转直驱伺服阀偏心球副传动接口与非全周节流阀口等关键结构进行了尺寸约束设计分析,并就节流阀口宽度、球副偏心距以及驱动电机转动惯量等重要参数进行了优化分析,给出了伺服阀结构设计的优化区间。在此基础上,研究提出了电机转角与电流双闭环控制方法,幅频响应实测结果与理论分析较为一致,200 Hz以上高频响应满足实际需求,且双闭环控制方法大幅降低了伺服阀响应超调并提升了稳定性。

基于径向基函数神经网络算法的高频转阀阀芯稳定性

针对伺服电机驱动高频转阀时受液动力矩变化影响造成高频输出精度下降的问题,以液压马达作为动力源,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络算法的转阀阀芯转速控制策略。首先,搭建高频转阀阀芯转速控制系统的数学模型;其次根据数学模型在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行仿真分析;最后建立高频转阀转速控制系统实验台,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行实验研究和理论验证。结果表明:与常规PID控制方法相比,基于径向基函数神经网络的高频转阀转速控制策略转速控制系统阶跃响应所需调整时间最少为0.16 s,超调量小;三角波与正弦波转速跟踪误差均值下降最大值分别为46.51%、53.69%;6 MPa、10 MPa下,转速稳态误差均值分别下降34.92%、38.26%。径向基函数神经网络算法有效提高了高频转阀阀芯转速控制精度。

力士乐回转液压系统的优化设计

针对大型矿用液压挖掘机回转机构启动冲击、制动停止瞬间加载总成反向旋转造成的回转机构断齿、断轴及力士乐A2FE回转液压马达油口连接板192中的补油单向阀损坏的故障现象,通过增设回转缓冲阀、压力变送器等液压元器件,优化回转传动系统的启制动特性,降低回转机构启制动时的冲击,延长其使用寿命。结果表明:相较于优化前的回转液压系统,在相同的齿侧间隙下,优化后的回转液压系统的回转减速机输出轴小齿轮启动至接触回转滚盘轮齿的时长由0.5 s延长至1 s,有效减小系统的启动冲击;制动停止瞬间,回转马达A、B口之间的最大压差由3.6 MPa降至2.0 MPa,抑制了制动摆尾现象,降低制动冲击,操纵舒适性显著提高;回转液压系统无故障工作时长由1000 h提高到5368 h。

基于曲线拟合的液压动力转向器转阀棱边坡口设计方法研究

转阀棱边坡口结构对液压动力转向器的助力特性影响非常大,但对于棱边坡口结构的设计方法研究较少。根据转阀的结构和工作原理,建立液压动力转向器的转阀阀口过流面积数学模型和AMESim仿真模型,通过与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性;依据新型产品的助力特性设计目标,提出一种基于曲线拟合的棱边坡口设计方法,依据助力特性的设计目标,利用MATLAB软件求解了棱边坡口曲线解析式中的参数。仿真结果表明:所设计的棱边坡口结构能够满足设计要求,验证了设计方法的有效性,为液压动力转向器优化设计提供了参考。

双膛石灰竖窑粉尘排放特性及控制技术研究

分析了石灰双膛竖窑在泄压过程中的粉尘排放特性,初始冲击波压力过高导致烟气无法直连布袋除尘器,这是造成粉尘污染的主要原因。弄清了初始冲击波的形成、传播与演化行为特征,比对了延长直管长度、增加弯管数量、增加变径结构与泄压腔体三种方式对冲击波压力的衰减效果,提出了一种基于压块泄压阀的柔性泄压直联布袋技术,将放散烟气初始冲击波压力由8 kPa降至1 kPa,达到烟气直连布袋、环境粉尘污染得到大幅改善的效果。同时,针对粉尘在阀体和管道中易沉降的难题,提出了一种基于3通内旋阀的扇形旋塞防沉降技术,解决了粉尘在阀体与管道系统内的沉降难题。

Experimental Study on the Performance of ORC System Based on Ultra-Low Temperature Heat Sources

This paper discussed the experimental results of the performance of an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)system with an ultra-low temperature heat source.The low boiling point working medium R134a was adopted in the system.The simulated heat source temperature(SHST)in this work was set from 39.51°C to 48.60°C by the simulated heat source module.The influence of load percentage of simulated heat source(LPSHS)between 50%and 70%,the rotary valve opening(RVO)between 20%and 100%,the resistive load between 36Ωand 180Ωor the no-load of the generator,as well as the autumn and winter ambient temperature on the system performance were studied.The results showed that the stability of the system was promoted when the generator had a resistive load.The power generation(PG)and generator speed(GS)of the system in autumn were better than in winter,but the expander pressure ratio(EPR)was lower than in winter.Keep RVO unchanged,the SHST,the mass flow rate(MFR)of the working medium,GS,and the PG of the system increased with the increasing of LPSHS for different generator resistance load values.When the RVO was 60%,LPSHS was 70%,the SHST was 44.15°C and the resistive load was 72Ω,the highest PG reached 15.11 W.Finally,a simulation formula was obtained for LPSHS,resistance load,and PG,and its correlation coefficient was between 0.9818 and 0.9901.The formula can accurately predict the PG.The experimental results showed that the standard deviation between the experimental and simulated values was below 0.0792,and the relative error was within±5%.

往复压缩机进气阀气量无级调节技术现状及展望

往复压缩机供气与需求不匹配是导致能耗高的主要原因,进气阀气量无级调节技术是解决该问题的有效手段,其实现方式包括直线网状部分行程顶开式调节系统和旋转杯状全程可控式调节系统。直线网状部分行程顶开式调节系统可以实现对压缩气量的精准连续调节,本质为液压传动控制,但存在通流面积小、阻力损失大、撞击严重、执行系统复杂及故障点多等缺陷。旋转杯状全程可控式调节系统是一种新型气量无级调节技术,其本质为机电一体化,原理是通过伺服电机对杯状阀进行精准调控,具有通流面积大、阻力损失小、开阀无摩擦、关阀摩擦行程小及运动部件无撞击等优点。对2种调节系统的理论、结构、控制系统、能效进行了全面的综述,指出旋转杯状全程可控式调节系统是未来的发展方向,应从旋转杯状全程可控式调节系统的理论研究、结构优化、材料研制及智能系统开发等方面开展深入研究。

剪切式旋转阀高速脉冲器定转子间隙对脉冲幅度的影响

随着地质导向钻井的不断发展,井下上传的数据量日益增多,对传输速率的要求也更高。剪切式旋转阀高速脉冲器是将井下实时数据通过泥浆脉冲上传地面的重要的执行机构,在探究脉冲发生器脉冲信号产生基本原理的基础上,使用六合LH-61高温仪器+MWD+剪切式旋转阀高速脉冲发生器进行地面水循环试验,揭示了不同泥浆流量下定转子间隙对脉冲器产生脉冲幅度的影响规律:脉冲信号幅度随流量的增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势;在相同流量下,间隙越大,脉冲信号幅度越小,与理论值进行比对,得出合理的定转子间隙范围为0.5~0.7 mm。此研究结果可为旋转阀高速脉冲器定转子间隙设计提供参考。

滑阀式卷扬平衡阀的设计及其在旋挖钻机上的试验研究

针对旋挖钻机主卷扬系统,设计了一种滑阀式卷扬平衡阀。在台架上进行了一般性试验和可靠性试验之后,将样件装在某旋挖钻机上进行带载试验。试验过程中出现了主卷扬启动憋压、下放抖动、失速溜杆现象,分析了引起这些现象的原因,并针对性地制定了解决方案,经过优化的平衡阀达到了优越的使用效果。

冶金机械设备中旋转密封阀失效及修复研究

旋转密封阀作为干熄焦系统排焦部分的核心组成,影响着排焦部分的正常运行。为了提升旋转密封阀的密封性能,对密封阀常见的失效情况进行了说明,并从星型转子结构、润滑系统和轴承三个方面对密封阀的结构进行了优化设计,最后对结构优化后密封阀的密封性能进行验证。结果显示:在静态泄漏量的对比中,优化前后密封阀泄漏量的最大值分别为37.8 mL/h和32.4 mL/h,最小值分别为3.75 mL/h和2.55 mL/h;在静态泄漏量的对比中,优化前后密封阀泄漏量的最大值分别为24.8 mL/h和8.02 mL/h,最小值分别为23.1 mL/h和6.99 mL/h。结构优化后密封阀的密封性能更好,降低了设备出现故障的可能性,延长了使用年限。

大排量直井段随钻测斜工具的研制与应用

为解决深井、超深井上部大尺寸直井段因钻井排量高导致的随钻测斜工具冲蚀严重、故障率及成本高等问题,综合采用扩大过流面积、流场仿真优化及冲蚀剧烈区局部硬质合金保护方法,研制了大流道耐冲蚀旋转阀组;采用加速度计柔性悬浮固定、电路板有机硅灌封胶等多级复合减振方法,提高了随钻测斜工具电子电路的抗振能力;通过设计快速传输编码、低功耗电子电路及节能运行模式,提高了测斜效率与测斜工具的续航能力。通过研制关键部件大流道耐冲蚀旋转阀组,采用不同技术方法提高测斜工具的抗振能力、测斜效率和续航能力,研制了系列尺寸的大排量直井段随钻测斜工具。川渝、新疆等地区的12口井应用该工具随钻监测井斜角,该工具表现出耐大排量冲蚀的能力,最高适用排量达120 L/s,运行稳定可靠,故障率低于0.5次/月,续航可达30 d以上。现场应用结果表明,大排量直井段随钻测斜工具能满足深井、超深井大尺寸直井段随钻测斜的要求,可为深井、超深井获得高质量直井段提供支持。

电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀流量异常故障智能检测

电动旋挖钻机液压系统朝着高压、大流量和大功率的方向发展,平衡回路的最大流量已经超过1000 L/min,最大压力已经超过50 MPa。过高的阀口流速和复杂的紊流流场,更容易导致平衡阀流量异常引起气穴现象,同步产生严重的阀芯振动和噪声,给单纯考虑单一阈值特征的故障检测方法带来困难。设计一种针对电动旋挖钻机的液压平衡阀流量特性异常故障检测方法。建立电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀流量动力学模型,建立平衡阀的流量-压差异常的关联特征,避免多个单一特征缺陷;结合压力与振动传感器采集的关联特征数据,结合智能算法提取液压平衡阀流量信号的特征,通过将提取到的特征输入到贝叶斯分类器中,可以根据异常特征对液压平衡阀进行流量异常故障智能检测。实验结果表明:所提方法的电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀预测流量故障检测准确度更好、时间更短、实际应用效果更佳。

延迟焦化装置高温C型旋转阀的研制

延迟焦化装置高温防结焦耐磨球阀使用工况恶劣,阀门在使用中易出现结焦、泄漏、启闭困难等问题,需要对其结构优化改进,以满足工况使用要求。结合延迟焦化系统工况以及球阀结构特点,采用了C型旋转阀结构,阀座为固定式阀座,依靠偏心楔紧力将半球和阀座压紧进而实现密封,避免因阀座波纹管失效造成阀门泄漏;球体为半球结构,有效减少了因阀体中腔结焦造成启闭困难,经过严格的加工装配和试验,高温C型旋转阀已在某延迟焦化装置工艺管线运行,使用效果良好。

减振器底阀旋铆机设计

为提高汽车减振器底阀组件的铆接效率,便于对底阀分组件进行旋铆,设计了一种减振器底阀旋铆机。按照减振器底阀的相关技术要求,设计了旋铆机的整体结构及各执行机构,包括高度检测机构、旋铆头升降机构、旋转机构。该旋铆机结构紧凑、易于操作,能够实现底阀组件的高效旋铆,有效提高旋铆质量,满足对汽车减振器底阀组件的组装需求。

Regulation Method for Torque-Angle Characteristics of Rotary Electric-Mechanical Converter Based on Hybrid Air Gap

The torque-angle characteristics of electric-mechanical converters are important determinants of the quality of electrohydraulic proportional control systems.It is far more difficult for a rotary electric-mechanical converter(REMC)to obtain flat torque-angle characteristics than traditional proportional solenoid,greatly influencing the promotion and application of rotary valves for electrohydraulic proportional control systems.A simple and feasible regulation method for the torque-angle characteristics of REMCs based on a hybrid air gap is proposed.The regulation is performed by paralleling an additional axial air gap with the original radial air gap to obtain a flat torque-angle characteristic and increase output torque.For comparison,prototypes of REMCs based on hybrid and radial air gaps were manufactured,and a special test rig was built.The torque-angle characteristics under different excitation currents and step responses were studied by magnetic circuit analysis,finite element simulation,and experimental research.The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical analysis.It was shown that REMCs based on a hybrid air gap can obtain a flat torque-angle characteristic with further optimizing of key structural parameters and also increase output torque.This regulation method provides a new approach for the design of proportional rotary electromechanical converters.

A rotary pneumatic actuator for the actuation of the exoskeleton knee joint

Rotary pneumatic actuators that are made out of linear one are always best suited for exoskeleton joint actuation due to its inherent power to weight ratio. This work is a modified version of knee actuation system that has already been developed and major modifications are made in order to make it more suitable for human wearing and also to reduce its bulkiness and complexity. The considered actuator system is a rotary actuator where a pulley converts the linear motion of the standard pneumatic piston into the rotary motion. To prove the capability of the actuator, its performance characteristics such as torque and power produced are compared to the required torque and power at the knee joint of the exoskeleton in swing phase and are found to be excellent. The two-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）is performed to find the effect of the throat area valve on knee angle. The ANOVA shows the significant effect of the throat area variation on the knee angle flexion made by the proposed actuator. A relationship between the throat area of flow control valve, that is connected to the exit port of the direction control valve, and angular displacement of the knee joint has been formulated. This relationship can be used to design a control system to regulate the mass flow rate of air at the exit and hence the angular velocity of the knee joint can be controlled.

旋转式换向阀的动态响应特性及稳定性分析

为了实现电液激振系统的高频振动,提出一种旋转式换向阀。推导了旋转换向阀的动力学方程并通过MATLAB对旋转换向阀的动态响应特性进行数值求解,分析了阻尼系数、转动惯量、液动力矩对旋转换向阀动态响应特性及稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明:阻尼系数、转动惯量、液动力矩对旋转换向阀的响应速度、稳定性及工作带宽均有较大影响,其中液动力矩对旋转换向阀的影响程度最强,阻尼系数对旋转换向阀的影响程度最弱。研究结果可为提高旋转换向阀的动态响应特性及稳定性提供数据支撑和优化导向。

基于增材制造旋转直驱伺服阀的肢腿运动单元位置控制研究

液压腿足式机器人因其可承受大负载、具有更高的速度上限等优势被广泛应用于物资搬运、地形侦查等场景。伺服阀作为液压系统中的控制元件,与机器人作业过程的运动稳定性、地形适应性、节能等方面都存在着密切关联。目前腿足式机器人系统普遍应用喷嘴挡板式伺服阀,不同阀型号的选择往往只需要满足阀的频响、压力、流量等指标,并且伺服阀的数学模型也通常近似为低阶环节,这在设计中弱化了伺服阀对系统的影响。为探究不同结构伺服阀与控制系统最佳匹配问题,研究了增材制造旋转直驱式伺服阀在机器人位置控制系统中的性能,并将其与传统喷嘴式挡板阀作比较,分别建立其数学模型并在单腿试验台上完成实验验证。结果表明,在相同的流量压力需求下,应用旋转直驱阀的控制系统足端阶跃响应时间减少了14%,足端正弦轨迹跟踪误差减少了21%。