In situ strength profiles along two adjacent vertical drillholes from digitalization of hydraulic rotary drilling

Drilling speed and associated analyses from factual field data of hydraulic rotary drilling have not been fully utilized.The paper provides the reference and comparison for the utilization of drilling information from two adjacent vertical drillholes that were formed with the same hydraulic rotary drilling machine and bit.The analysis of original factual data is presented to obtain the constant drilling speed during net drilling process.According to the factual data along two adjacent drillholes,the digitalization results respectively include 461 linear zones and 210 linear zones with their constant drilling speeds and associated drilling parameters.The digitalization results can accurately present the spatial distributions and interface boundaries of drilled geomaterials and the results are consistent with the paralleled site loggings.The weighted average drilling speeds from 2.335 m/min to 0.044 m/min represent 13 types of drilled geomaterials from soils to hard rocks.The quantitative relation between drilling speed and strength property is provided.The digitalization results can statistically profile the basic strength quality grades of III to VI from soils to hard rocks.The thickness distributions of four strength quality grades are presented for each individual type of geomaterials along two drillholes.In total,50.2%of geomaterials from drillhole A are grade IV and 57.4%of geomaterials from drillhole B are grade III.The digitalization results can offer an accurate and cost-effective tool to quantitatively describe the spatial distribution and in situ strength profile of drilled geomaterials in the current drilling projects.

In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil improvement.Factual drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring method.These factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injection with permeable polyurethane.Result from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement vs.net drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil profile.The soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky soil.The results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site loggings.The constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled soils.By comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty clay.Laboratory tests,i.e.uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling speeds.Results show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty clay.The UCS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ method.This method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

Application and reliability analysis of DPM system in site investigation of HK weathered granite

A drilling process monitor （DPM） for ground characterization of weathered granite is presented. The monitor is portable and can be mounted on a hydraulic rotary drilling rig to record various drilling parameters in real time during normal subsurface investigation. The identification method for dominative and subsidiary interfaces has been established. The study reveals that the monitored drilling parameters are dependent on geotechnical materials and can be further applied to characterize ground interfaces. The t-test between manual logging and DPM logging has been carried out. The results show that the DPM has high accuracy in interfaces detection and well agreement with the manual logging. The findings show that the device and data analysis method are of potential application in subsurface drilling exploration in weathered granites. It also seems to have prospective uses in the determination of orebody boundary as well as in the detection of geohazards.

钻井利器的故事之“液动潜孔锤”

在各种钻探方法中,液动冲击回转钻进具有效率高、质量好、回次长、事故少、成本低等优点,而液动潜孔锤又是液动冲击回转钻进的技术核心。本文梳理了各种液动潜孔锤的结构特点及其与绳索取心钻具、孔底动力钻具相结合衍生的各种钻具,简要介绍了这一技术的典型应用案例,总结归纳了其下一步发展方向和技术难点,以期普及液动锤的应用,促进液动冲击回转钻进技术的进步。

基于无模型自适应迭代学习的液压锚杆钻机转速控制

针对存在参数不确定、非线性约束液压锚杆钻机回转系统的转速高精度控制问题,利用钻机作业的重复性,提出了一种基于无模型自适应迭代学习的液压锚杆钻机回转系统转速控制方案。首先,搭建钻机回转控制系统关于转速的状态空间模型。其次,利用动态线性化技术,构造钻机回转系统液压马达与伺服阀电流在迭代域的等价线性映射关系,并根据系统采集的历史伺服阀电流输入、液压马达转角输出数据,提出无模型自适应迭代学习转速控制设计方法。然后在理论上给出液压锚杆钻机回转系统转速跟踪误差沿数据方向以及重复作业方向的渐近收敛性。最后,利用MATLAB软件和AMEsim平台联合仿真验证算法的有效性。结果表明,相比于传统PID算法和迭代学习控制算法,所提出的算法在不需要已知锚杆钻机系统模型的情况下,能够仅利用可测数据实现钻机转速的高精度控制,并且在面对突加外部干扰、油温波动情况下仍具备良好的自适应、抗干扰能力。

不同地层下钻机回转系统随载调速动态特性研究

由于钻进成井地层中岩石分布具有不确定性和随机性,导致钻机回转液压系统的动态特性复杂多变,若钻具的回转速度无法根据地层情况自动调节,将导致钻具出现“卡钻”和“偏斜”现象。以钻机回转液压系统为研究对象,对地下资源的地层分布情况进行研究,并计算出不同地层下适用的扭矩及转速;基于AMESim和Simulink构建钻机回转系统的机电液联合仿真模型;最后,研究系统在4类地层破岩作业时的动态特性及其对钻具转速的调控效果。结果表明:钻机回转系统的压力能够在0.01 s内由初始0上升至工作压力2.1 MPa,在负载扭矩突增时系统表现出良好的抗干扰能力和稳定性;此外,利用马达进出口压差来控制钻具转速的方法,其滞后性为0.5 s且误差值不超过5%,响应速度较快、控制精度较高。

波动载荷下旋挖钻机动力头液压系统控制技术

在施工过程中,旋挖钻机的主要作用是成孔,传统旋挖钻机动力头液压系统,在波动载荷下控制的稳定性和控制效果较差,为了提高旋挖钻机动力头在波动载荷下的工作性能,设计一种针对波动载荷环境的旋挖钻机动力头液压系统控制方法。通过对旋挖钻机动力头液压系统的结构展开分析,根据分析结果建立数学模型,研究系统刚体在波动载荷下的受力情况;基于受力情况分析结果建立控制模型,分别控制系统的发电机、液压泵和负载,实现旋挖钻机动力头液压系统的发动机-液压泵-负载联合控制。实验结果表明:设计的方法控制稳定性高,且控制性能好。

CMM2-28Y型煤矿用液压锚杆钻车在伯方煤矿中的应用

传统采用气动锚杆钻机进行井下锚网支护的安全性能差、支护效率低、劳动强度大,且其最大扭矩力不能满足顶板锚杆扭矩力要求。为提高掘进工作面锚网支护质量,伯方煤矿在3306回风顺槽成功引进CMM2-28Y型煤矿用液压锚杆钻车,该钻车具有钻进功能全面、安全性好、工作效率高、工人劳动强度低等优点,应用前景广阔。

滑阀式卷扬平衡阀的设计及其在旋挖钻机上的试验研究

针对旋挖钻机主卷扬系统,设计了一种滑阀式卷扬平衡阀。在台架上进行了一般性试验和可靠性试验之后,将样件装在某旋挖钻机上进行带载试验。试验过程中出现了主卷扬启动憋压、下放抖动、失速溜杆现象,分析了引起这些现象的原因,并针对性地制定了解决方案,经过优化的平衡阀达到了优越的使用效果。

巷道掘进液压锚杆钻机自动控制系统设计

针对煤矿巷道掘进液压锚杆钻机作业中存在的自动化程度不高、作业效率较低等问题,提出以PLC技术为基础的液压锚杆钻机自动化控制系统。该系统可实现对锚杆钻机的自动化控制,具有操作简单、性能稳定等优点。该系统由PLC、变频器、传感器和执行机构等部分组成,其中PLC负责接收传感器信号并控制变频器工作,以保证传感器工作的准确性和稳定性;传感器负责采集液压锚杆钻机工作时所处位置的温度和压力信息,并将这些数据传递至执行机构来完成锚杆钻机的自动钻进和回退操作。试验结果表明,在应用该系统后,锚杆钻机工作效率明显提升,有利于进一步缩短施工周期。

电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀流量异常故障智能检测

电动旋挖钻机液压系统朝着高压、大流量和大功率的方向发展,平衡回路的最大流量已经超过1000 L/min,最大压力已经超过50 MPa。过高的阀口流速和复杂的紊流流场,更容易导致平衡阀流量异常引起气穴现象,同步产生严重的阀芯振动和噪声,给单纯考虑单一阈值特征的故障检测方法带来困难。设计一种针对电动旋挖钻机的液压平衡阀流量特性异常故障检测方法。建立电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀流量动力学模型,建立平衡阀的流量-压差异常的关联特征,避免多个单一特征缺陷;结合压力与振动传感器采集的关联特征数据,结合智能算法提取液压平衡阀流量信号的特征,通过将提取到的特征输入到贝叶斯分类器中,可以根据异常特征对液压平衡阀进行流量异常故障智能检测。实验结果表明:所提方法的电动旋挖钻机液压平衡阀预测流量故障检测准确度更好、时间更短、实际应用效果更佳。

液压锚杆钻车钻架结构优化设计和分析

为解决现有的液压锚杆钻车改造导致成本和质量增加的问题,提出了钻车钻架结构优化设计。基于ANSYS Workbench对钻架结构进行优化设计,根据优化设计结构进行有限元分析。结合有限元仿真分析结果验证优化钻车钻架优化前后的力学性能及疲劳寿命,最终得出本次优化可行。

工业园交通干道高边坡稳定性分析及支护措施研究

云南某产业园2#路边坡最高达41 m,以土质边坡为主,坡脚主要为粉质黏土。边坡在雨季存在较大的失稳风险,严重威胁施工安全。为此,文章提出在边坡较高且较陡地段采用桩、锚及锚杆框架支护,其他路段边坡采用格构梁+锚杆支护。旋挖桩的直径和间距分别为1.4 m和2.0 m。锚索水平预应力为100~300 kN,各道锚索竖向间距为2.0 m。采用提出的支护方案后,该道路边坡在施工期间未发生失稳,表明了支护方案的可靠性。

锚杆钻车钻臂液压系统的设计及仿真分析

为保证锚杆钻车稳定工作,提高生产效率,设计了钻臂液压系统。根据锚杆钻车钻臂结构,对钻臂液压系统进行了总体设计,为液压系统各元件确定型号,基于液压系统设计,在AMESim软件中搭建了液压系统模型进行仿真分析,为锚杆钻车钻臂液压系统的性能改进提供了理论参考。

Instrumented borehole drilling for interface identification in intricate weathered granite ground engineering

The successful application in drilling for HK simple weathered granite foundation has revealed its further use in instru- mented drilling system as a ground investigation tool in the detection of other lithology formations, geohazards, underground water, and boundary of orebody. To expand the further use and test the accuracy in identification of formation, an R-20 rotary-hydraulic drill rig was instrumented with a digital drilling process monitoring system （DPM） for drilling in an intricate decomposed granite site. In this test ground, the boreholes revealed that the weathered granite alternately changes between moderate and strong. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the penetrating parameters, indicates the effective thrust force, rotary speed, flushing pressure, penetrating rate, and displacement of the bit fluctuate at ground interfaces. It shows that the parameters get a good response with the change of rock strength at the interfaces, which can reveal the change of the intricate granite formation. Besides, a variable-slope method has been established, for identification of dominative and subsidiary interfaces in the granite site. The result from a t-test shows that the confi- dence of the instrumented drilling system in identification of the geotechnical interfaces is up to 99%.

煤巷液压锚杆钻机随钻参数采集系统及其应用

围岩岩性随钻识别技术能够实时获取巷道围岩力学参数,为煤巷围岩支护提供基础保障。本文基于煤矿巷道液压锚杆钻机研发了煤巷液压锚杆钻机随钻参数采集系统,包括钻进系统、动力系统、监测系统及试件平台。利用该系统进行了不同强度砂浆组合试件的钻进实验,结果表明,系统性能良好,随钻参数变化规律明显,扭矩和推进压强在不同岩层交界处有明显的跃迁现象。为了验证岩石强度随钻识别的可靠性,通过随钻参数计算破岩比能,进一步分析了随钻参数与抗压强度的关系。基于破岩比能法该系统可以实现随钻参数对岩石力学性能的识别。

高压旋喷钻机变截面工艺应用于近海锚杆施工的研究

为保证近海地区抗浮锚杆的施工质量和应用效果,提出并介绍了高压旋喷钻机变截面施工工艺,通过在成孔过程中控制锚杆成孔直径,实现下大上小的变截面锚杆结构,从而提高锚杆的抗拔力,可以很好地克服地下水及地质条件差对抗浮锚杆施工的影响。依托青岛太平洋梦时代广场C地块二期工程案例实施情况,证明高压旋喷钻机变截面施工工艺具有施工速度快、经济效益好、质量高、抗拔力大的优点,值得进一步推广应用。

矿用锚杆钻机自动钻锚控制系统设计

针对矿用锚杆钻机自动化水平低,难以实现钻锚全流程自动循环作业的问题,改进设计了钻机钻动部结构,使钻机具备自动安装螺母锁紧锚杆的功能。同时基于电液比例控制技术改进设计了钻机液压控制系统。在此基础上,以PLC为核心设计了锚杆钻车自动钻锚控制系统。经仿真实验平台测试验证,该控制系统可以使锚杆钻机自动完成钻锚循环作业,作业状态全程可视可控,提高了锚杆钻机钻锚系统的自动化水平。

川西甲基卡锂矿3000 m科学深钻施工技术

川西甲基卡锂矿3000 m科学深钻位于青藏高原中北部的松潘甘孜造山带,采用绳索取心钻进和绳索取心液动冲击回转钻进、硬岩地层金刚石钻头优选、加长型内涂层内管和改进型打捞器、环保型无固相聚合物冲洗液技术等关键技术,终孔孔深3211.21 m,创造了高原地区小口径固体矿产勘查孔深新纪录和当时全国同类型钻孔施工效率纪录。对甲基卡伟晶岩锂矿成矿模式、成矿机制的理论创新,具有重要的科学意义,也为高原地区深部钻探施工提供了借鉴。

旋挖钻处理锚索侵限的施工工序研究——以济南市轨道交通4号线段店站锚索侵限处理为例

在地铁施工建设过程中经常会遇到如废旧基础、锚索、锚杆等地下障碍物,给地下施工安全及进度带来了较大的影响,因此研究如何安全高效处理地下障碍物有着重要的理论意义和实用价值。以济南市轨道交通4号线段店站锚索侵限处理为工程依托,在确定使用旋挖钻处理地下侵限锚索的前提下,借助FLAC3D数值模拟平台探索3种不同旋挖工序对地层和既有结构的影响,通过对比选出最适合的旋挖工序。计算结果表明,隔一挖一跳点旋挖施工对于地层和既有结构的影响明显小于无间隔连续旋挖施工和隔二挖一跳点旋挖施工,隔一挖一跳点旋挖施工更能安全高效地处理地下侵限锚索。