CALCULATION OF ELASTIC DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTOR SUPPORT MADE OF METAL RUBBER MATERIAL UNDER VARIABLE LOADS

A metal rubber（MR） dry friction damper was designed based on the load supported by the rotor. An experimental apparatus for obtaining hysteresis loops of support under the precession load was designed. The elastic-damping characteristics of the ring-shaped MR damper used as a rotor support under variable loads were presented by studying the hysteresis loops of the damper. The vibration rigidity and the energy dissipation coefficient were calculated from the hysteresis loops, based on the description of the deformation process of the MR element with simple structure in a dimensionless coordinating system. The calculation results showed that the energy dissipation coefficient in the inner of MR element and on the boundary between the damper and the frame of the rotor support were approximately equal. The comparison of the hysteresis loops for a precession load and a one-axial load indicated a large difference when the coefficient of the energy dissipation and the stiffness of the MR damper were concerned.

Dynamics Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Rotor with Elastic Support/Dry Friction Dampers

The elastic support/dry friction damper is a type of damper which is used for active vibration control in a rotor system.To establish the analytical model of this type of damper,a two-dimensional friction model-ball/plate model was proposed.By using this ball/plate model,a dynamics model of rotor with elastic support/dry friction dampers was established and experimentally verified.Moreover,the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper was studied numerically with respect to some variable parameters.The numerical study shows that the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper is closely related to the stiffness distribution of the rotor-support system,the damper location,the pressing force between the moving and stationary disk,the friction coefficient,the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk.In general,the damper should be located on an elastic support which has a large vibration amplitude in order to achieve a better damping performance,and the more vibration energy in this elastic support concentrates,the better performance of the damper will be.The larger the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk are,the better performance of the damper will be.There will be an optimal value of the friction force at which the damper performs best.

Bifurcation on synchronous full annular rub of rigid-rotor elastic-support system

An aero-engine rotor system is simplified as an unsymmetrical-rigid-rotor with nonlinear-elastic-support based on its characteristics. Governing equations of the rubbing system, obtained from the Lagrange equation, are solved by the averaging method to find the bifurcation equations. Then, according to the two-dimensional constraint bi- furcation theory, transition sets and bifurcation diagrams of the system with and without rubbing are given to study the influence of system eccentricity and damping on the bi- furcation behaviors, respectively. Finally, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability region of the steady-state rubbing solution, the boundary of static bifurcation, and the Hopf bifurcation are determined to discuss the influence of system parameters on the evolution of system motion. The results may provide some references for the designer in aero rotor systems.

A novel transient rotor current control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator equipped with superconducting magnetic energy storage for voltage and frequency support

A novel transient rotor current control scheme is proposed in this paper for a doubly-fed induction generator（DFIG）equipped with a superconducting magnetic energy storage（SMES） device to enhance its transient voltage and frequency support capacity during grid faults. The SMES connected to the DC-link capacitor of the DFIG is controlled to regulate the transient dc-link voltage so that the whole capacity of the grid side converter（GSC） is dedicated to injecting reactive power to the grid for the transient voltage support. However, the rotor-side converter（RSC） has different control tasks for different periods of the grid fault. Firstly, for Period I, the RSC injects the demagnetizing current to ensure the controllability of the rotor voltage. Then, since the dc stator flux degenerates rapidly in Period II, the required demagnetizing current is low in Period II and the RSC uses the spare capacity to additionally generate the reactive（priority） and active current so that the transient voltage capability is corroborated and the DFIG also positively responds to the system frequency dynamic at the earliest time. Finally, a small amount of demagnetizing current is provided after the fault clearance. Most of the RSC capacity is used to inject the active current to further support the frequency recovery of the system. Simulations are carried out on a simple power system with a wind farm. Comparisons with other commonly used control methods are performed to validate the proposed control method.

不确定转子系统动力学降阶模型构建与模型散度参数辨识

在航空、航天、船舶等领域的实际工程转子系统中,广泛存在高维复杂的非线性系统。在航空发动机转子系统、燃气轮机转子系统等重点研究领域,通常还难以对高维复杂非线性系统进行直接的数据处理和分析统计。针对不确定性转子系统的模型维度较高等问题,提出了一种模型不确定性动力学降阶计算模型构建和模型散度参数辨识方法。首先,根据确定性动力学模型和静态矩阵降阶方法,完善了确定性动力学降阶模型;然后,基于随机矩阵理论和非参数动力学建模方法,提出了不确定性动力学降阶模型;最后,利用系统确定性模型的一阶临界转速、振型和实验数据,对不确定性动力学模型的散度参数进行了辨识;为了验证散度参数辨识方法的有效性,笔者又在转子实验平台上进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:实验结果与降阶之后振动响应均值的差异性较小,且与不确定性动力学模型相差不超过10%,表明所采用的理论模型在描述转子系统行为方面具备了较高的准确性和可靠性,该模型可以为深入研究模型不确定性转子系统提供参考。

ZG270-500钢转子支撑座断裂原因

在对某转子支撑座进行装配的过程中,发现其发生断裂现象。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、金相检验、力学性能测试等方法研究了转子支撑座断裂的原因。结果表明:在装配弯曲应力作用下,转子支撑座发生了以解理断裂为主的脆性过载断裂;断口存在铸造缺陷,产生应力集中,降低了材料的强度和塑性;转子支撑座碳元素含量较高、晶粒粗大,导致材料中珠光体含量增加,铁素体含量减少,材料中出现了魏氏组织及粗大亚晶粒,最终导致转子支撑座发生脆性断裂。

基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略

为解决传统永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略存在超速脱网风险问题,提出一种基于桨距角控制的高电压穿越控制策略。高电压穿越期间,首先,按照并网要求向电网提供无功支撑;其次,考虑转子转速限制,当转子转速达到参考值时启动桨距角控制,抑制转子转速上升;最后,通过仿真试验,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。基于桨距角控制的永磁风电机组高电压穿越控制策略,既能向电网提供无功支撑,又能避免超速脱网。

采用改进遗传算法优化LS-SVM逆系统的外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机解耦控制

为了实现外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机(outer rotor coreless bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator,ORC-BPMSG)的精确控制,提出一种基于改进遗传算法(improved genetic algorithm,IGA)优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)逆系统的解耦控制策略。首先,基于ORC-BPMSG的结构及工作原理,推导其数学模型,并分析其可逆性。其次,建立LS-SVM回归方程,并采用IGA优化LS-SVM的性能参数,从而训练得到逆系统。然后,将逆系统与原系统串接,形成伪线性系统,实现了ORC-BPMSG的线性化和解耦。最后,将提出的控制方法与传统LS-SVM逆系统控制方法进行对比仿真和实验。仿真和实验结果表明:所提出的控制策略可以较好地实现ORC-BPMSG输出电压和悬浮力、以及悬浮力之间的解耦控制。

六极外转子径向混合磁轴承转子位移自检测

为了解决六极混合磁轴承位移传感器体积大、成本高的问题,提出了一种改进粒子群优化算法最小二乘支持向量机的位移估计方法.首先,介绍六极外转子径向混合磁轴承的结构和工作原理,并推导其径向悬浮力的数学模型.其次,将改进的粒子群算法的惯性权重改变,以实现更快的迭代,并建立了基于最小二乘支持向量机的预测模型,根据改进的粒子群算法优化的参数对预测模型进行了仿真和验证,并比较了改进的粒子群算法和粒子群算法的预测值.最后,进行了静态悬浮实验、动态悬浮实验、扰动实验,验证了该位移估计方法的鲁棒性和稳定性.

基于频率变化极值时间的风电虚拟惯量约束与支撑控制

在系统频率变化极值时间内约束变速风机的虚拟惯量,是提升风电对系统频率主动支撑可靠性的关键。为此,首先分析了风电机组虚拟惯量的可控特性及评估方法。其次,量化风电高比例并网系统的频率变化极值时间,并考虑风机转速及功率裕度,在频率跌落或抬升期间约束虚拟惯量,提高风机惯量评估的可信度。在此基础上,分析系统频率安全下的惯量需求,利用风机转速追踪性能,提出频率变化极值时间内变速风机的虚拟惯量控制策略。最后,搭建风电高渗透电网仿真系统,对所提控制策略进行验证。研究结果表明:变速风机在所提控制策略下能够可靠满足系统调频需求,显著提升其对电网的主动支撑性能。

Analysis on Nonlinear Dynamic Properties of Dual-Rotor System

In order to clarify the effects of support structure on a dual-rotor machine,a dynamic model is established which takes into consideration the contact force of ball bearing and the cubic stiffness of elastic support. Bearing clearance,Hertz contact between the ball and race and the varying compliance effect are included in the model of ball bearing. The system response is obtained through numerical integration method,and the vibration due to the periodic change of bearing stiffness is investigated. The motions of periodic,quasiperiodic and even chaotic are found when bearing clearance is used as control parameter to simulate the response of rotor system. The results reveal two typical routes to chaos: quasi-periodic bifurcation and intermittent bifurcation. Large cubic stiffness of elastic support may cause jump and hysteresis phenomena in resonance curve when rotors run at the critical-speed region. The modeling results acquired by numerical simulation will contribute to understanding and controlling of the nonlinear behaviors of the dual-rotor system.

乌东德左岸水电站转子支架焊接工艺

乌东德左岸电站转子支架采用弱约束对称焊接工艺,打破了水电史上转子支架约束焊接工艺的传统,其主要特点是取消了添加和割除骑马板的工序。采用该焊接工艺可缩短焊接工期,降低焊缝内应力,提升转子支架焊接质量。文中归纳总结了乌东德左岸电站圆盘式转子支架弱约束对称焊接工艺的控制方法,重点分析了焊接过程中转子支架各特征部位变化趋势和焊接质量控制的工艺措施,对大型圆盘式转子支架弱约束对称焊接工艺的控制提供科学依据。

Blade-Loss-Caused Rubbing Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor-Bladed Disk-Casing System

Considering the elastic supports,the finite element model of rotor-bladed disk-casing system is established using commercial software ANSYS/LS-DYNA.Assuming that broken blade is released from the disk,the complicate rubbing responses of unbalanced rotor-bladed disk-casing system are studied under different operational speeds.In addition,influences of both plastic deformation of blade and casing failure are analyzed.The results show that there exist some multiple even fractional frequencies in the transient and steady vibration responses of unbalanced rotor.Besides,one nodal diameter vibration of bladed disk coupling with the lateral vibration of the shaft as well as the first order bending vibration of blade can be excited under low operational speed,while the first order bending vibration of blade coupling with the lateral vibration of disk-shaft is easily excited under high operational speed.During rubbing process,three distinct contact states can be observed:broken blade-casing contact,broken blade-blade component-casing contact and broken blade-casing contact/blade component-casing contact/blade selfcontact.It is worth noting that the third contact state is related to the operational speed.With the increase of operational speed,self-contact in the blade may occur.

磁气负载比对箔片-磁力混合轴承支承特性及转子动力学特性的影响

箔片-磁力混合轴承是一种能降低箔片轴承起飞前的摩擦损耗且可改善磁轴承高速时的承载和动力学性能的新型高性能主动控制型轴承。提出了一种箔片-磁力混合轴承的设计方法,设计并搭建箔片-磁力混合轴承支承特性实验台和箔片-磁力混合轴承转子实验台,实验探究了磁气负载比(即气体箔片轴承和主动磁轴承之间的载荷分配比)对箔片-磁力混合轴承支承特性和转子动力学特性的影响。实验结果表明:箔片-磁力混合轴承比箔片轴承的总体静态刚度和刚度变化率有所提高。箔片-磁力混合轴承结构刚度随频率的提高而增大,等效黏性阻尼随频率的提高呈现先降后增的趋势。此外,合适的负载比可以降低起飞转速,改善摩擦损耗,抑制次频振,有利于提高转子的高速稳定性。

运用综合设计法的多功能转子-轴承试验平台设计及实验研究

以大型旋转机械转子系统为研究对象,利用综合设计法设计模拟试验装置。功能优化设计通过编写试验台任务书,确认系统的功能,通过二级模糊评价方法确认总体设计方案。动态优化设计完成基于ANSYS Workbench仿真分析软件对四跨转子系统进行模态分析与谐响应分析,获得前六阶固有频率及振型。研究不同支撑刚度对转子系统临界转速的影响,通过坎贝尔图观察随着转速的升高,转子系统的固有频率的变化情况,还通过谐响应分析得出在不同载荷下转子系统的振幅规律。智能优化设计完成了平行不对中与偏角不对中实验装置的设计,可以精确控制不对中量。试验研究偏角不对中做了不对中量为1°与2°两组试验研究;平行不对中做了不对中量为1 mm与2 mm两组试验研究。系统不仅会有工频还会出现二倍频,随着偏角不对中量的增加二倍频成分也更加明显,幅值会增大;轴心轨迹出现″8″字形与内凹形。出现平行不对中时系统二倍频占主要成分且出现明显的三倍频。

船用燃气轮机转子吸振器的安装位置分析

以船用燃气轮机转子系统振动抑制为研究背景,对抑振用转子吸振器的安装位置与抑振性能间的关系进行研究。结合有限元法及拉格朗日方程对吸振器-转子耦合系统进行建模,并采用数值优化方法对转子吸振器进行参数优化求解,探讨安装位置与最优吸振器参数及抑振性能的关系。吸振器安装在振幅最大位置时最优放大率可达0.42,远高于同质量比的其他安装位置。该位置的吸振器刚度偏离最优值时,最大放大率变化量仅为0.24,低于其他安装位置;支承刚度变化时,吸振器放大率的变动值低于0.1%。可得结论:当目标抑振位置不能安装吸振器时,除目标抑振位置外振幅最大位置为最优安装位置,该位置的吸振器抑振性能对参数最优偏离的敏感性最为迟钝;支承刚度差异对抑振性能的影响甚微。

弹性支承转子系统应变能分析及其支承特性影响研究

本文以两支点弹性支承的转子系统为研究对象,基于旋转梁理论和有限元理论建立了转子系统动力学模型,在此基础上给出了应变能的计算公式,分别对转子和弹性支承进行了应变能分析,通过数值仿真分析了支点支承刚度、刚度不对称对转子系统的模态振型及相应的应变能分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)当支承刚度与转子刚度相近时,支承刚度变化对于转子系统动力特性变化非常敏感,系统模态振型和应变能分布随着支承刚度的增减将会表现出很大的差异。2)转子的应变能系数η可作为区分系统模态振型的重要参数。当η小于20%,转子基本不发生变形,视为刚体振型;在η超过80%时,变形主要发生在转轴上,可视为完全弯曲振型;η在20%~80%的范围,视为转子-支承的耦合振型。本文研究为弹性支承设计以及带弹支的转子系统的结构设计、运行和维护提供理论参考。

高速转子试验支座振动优化设计与验证

针对燃气发生器转子在动力特性试验过程中出现的转接支座振动加速度过大现象,开展原因分析和转接支座振动优化研究。采用有限元法建立了支座模态计算模型,得到前5阶模态振型和频率,确定支座在转子工作转速范围内存在多阶有害共振频率是振动过大的主要原因;设计了3种结构的试验支座并进行了对比分析,对优选支座分别进行了不带燃气发生器转子和带燃气发生器转子的试验验证。结果表明,优选支座在转子工作转速范围内不存在有害共振频率,高转速下的振动加速度大幅降低;研究成果为航空发动机转子动力学试验提供了保障,可推广至其他转子试验支座设计。

基于虚拟电容与转子转速控制的双馈风电机组稳定性研究

传统双馈风力发电机组因自身特性,缺乏类似同步机组的惯量响应能力,会减弱系统在运行过程中的抗扰动能力,使电网稳定性受到挑战。本文根据变流器特性,建立变流器直流母线电容电压与变流器有功功率偏差以及转子转速响应的函数模型,提出一种基于变流器直流母线电容电压变化的虚拟电容控制以及转子转速协同控制策略,最后在软件中验证策略的可行性。仿真结果表明,在不同工况下,该协同控制策略能增强双馈风力发电机惯量响应能力,提高转子稳定速度,降低变流器母线电压与有功功率变化幅度,稳定机组输出。

基于萤火虫算法优化LSSVM的汽轮机转子故障诊断

为提高汽轮机转子故障诊断精度,提出了一种基于萤火虫算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的汽轮机转子故障诊断方法。采用FA算法对LSSVM的惩罚系数和核函数宽度进行寻优,建立基于FA-LSSVM汽轮机转子故障诊断模型。采用转子试验台获取的样本数据进行仿真分析,结果表明,FA-LSSVM模型只出现了1次误诊断,诊断精度为97.5%,诊断效果好于其他方法,验证了所提汽轮机转子故障诊断方法的正确性和实用性。