Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flow in a Transonic Compressor with Curved Rotors

The unsteady 3D flow fields in a single-stage transonic compressor under designed conditions are simulated numerically to investigate the effects of the curved rotors on the stage performance and the aerodynamic interaction between the blade rows. The results show that, compared to the compressor with unurved rotors, the compressor under scrutiny acquires remarkable increases in efficiency with significantly reduced amplitudes of the time-dependent fluctuation. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation around the stator leading edge decreases at both endwalls, but increases at the mid-span in the curved rotors. The pressure fluctuation near the stator leading edge, therefore, becomes more uniform in the radial direction of this compressor. Except for the leading edge area, the pressure fluctuatinn amplitude declines remarkably in the tip region of stator surface downstream of the curved rotor, but hardly changes in the middle and at the hub.

Numerical simulation of unsteady interaction of centrifugal impeller with its diffuser using Lagrangian discrete vortex method

In this study, an advanced Lagrangian vortex- boundary element method is applied to simulate the unsteady impeller-diffuser interactions in a diffuser pump not only for design but also for off-design considerations. In velocity calculations based on the Biot-Savart law we do not have to grid large portions of the flow field and the calculation points are concentrated in the regions where vorticity is present. Lagrangian representation of the evolving vorticity field is well suited to moving boundaries. An integral pressure equation shows that the pressure distribution can be estimated directly from the instantaneous velocity and vorticity field. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and the comparisons show that the method used in this study can provide us insight into the complicated unsteady impeller-diffuser interaction phenomena in a diffuser pump.

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.

Study of steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flows in a turbine stage

Objective To develop the numerical method for the steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flow in turbine stage. Methods An Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model is used to describe the spontaneous condensation flow in the steam turbine. For the steady condensing flow computations, the mixing plane model was used. For the unsteady condensing flow computations, the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the rotor-stator interactions. Results The numerical results showed the obvious differences between non-condensing and condensing flows. The results also showed the unsteadiness effect due to rotor-stator interactions had a deep influence on the formation and growth process of water droplets. Conclusion The numerical methods presented in this paper are valid for the condensing flow in the turbine stage.

Unsteady Rotor-Stator Interaction in High Speed Compressor and Turbine Stages

The blade row interaction can alter the time-mean flow and therefore be of interest for aerodynamic design analysis. Whereas results within low subsonic turbomachines are quite numerous in the literature, there have been far fewer works which give results of blade row interaction within high speed cases. Two cases are related in this paper. First, the effects of an incoming wake on the rotor flow field of a transonic compressor are analyzed. The blade row interaction proved to be positive regarding the total pressure ratio, but negative regarding the losses. The second case concerns a transonic turbine. Particular emphasis is placed on the assessment of the deterministic correlations included in the Averaged Passage Equation System.

基于流固耦合的压气机转子叶片非同步振动分析

压气机转子叶片非同步振动是近年来发现的一类新气动弹性问题,表现为叶片振动频率与转频不同步且具有锁频现象,严重影响航空发动机的可靠性和运行安全,目前对其产生机理并不完全清楚.为了深入研究压气机内不稳定流动与叶片非同步振动之间的耦合机制,基于时间推进的方法建立了多级压气机转子叶片全环的双向流固耦合模型,数值研究了刚性叶片与非同步振动柔性叶片的非定常流场、气流激励频率和结构响应特征,揭示了压气机转子叶片非同步振动的流固耦合机制.结果表明:近失速工况下,转子叶尖吸力面径向分离涡的周期性脱落及再附过程是导致叶尖压力剧烈波动的主要原因,其3倍谐波激励频率与转子一阶弯曲固有频率接近,提供了叶片非同步振动的初始气流激励源.叶片非同步振动发生时,位移响应表现为等幅值的极限环特征,振动以一阶弯曲模态主导,径向分离涡产生的非整数倍气流激励频率及其谐波频率最终锁定为叶片一阶弯曲固有频率,非同步振动的运动胁迫使得相邻通道叶尖流场周向趋于一致.研究成果及对叶片非同步振动流固耦合机制的认识可为压气机内部不稳定流动诱发的叶片振动失效分析提供有益参考.

基于CFD的多级轴流风机动静干涉及激励特性研究

为了探究多级轴流风机的动静干涉及激励特性,分析每级叶轮不同相位排布对风机气动性能和流场激励的影响,对五级一体化轴流风机模型进行数值模拟。分别改变每级叶轮的相位排布角度为0°、2°、4°、6°,获得轴流风机内部流场和性能参数以及每级叶轮受力情况。结果表明:随着排布角度增大,叶轮对流体挤压增大,后半段流场流动恶化,效率约下降2.1%。每级叶轮受力的主要特征频率为叶频(fBPF)及其倍频,且幅值随频率增加而快速减小。同时,排布角度对每级叶轮受力的影响也体现在流场性能和流体能量上,越稳定的流场,其特征频率越集中且振幅较高。

Unsteady Turbulent Simulation and Pressure Fluctuation Analysis for Centrifugal Pumps

The pressure fluctuation in the flow passage of both impeller and casing is addressed on design condition. The initial conditions for the unsteady turbulent simulation are resulted from the steady calculations, and the three dimensional unsteady turbulent simulation concerning the rotor-stator interaction is executed by a Navier-Stoke solver embedded with k -ε turbulence model and with appropriate moving interface boundary conditions. Detecting points are distributed in the flow passage in different radial and circumferential positions to capture the static pressure fluctuation character for one cycle of the impeller. The time-domain spectrums show that the static pressure curves are periodic and have five peaks and five valleys. With the radius increasing, the pressure fluctuation peak-to-peak values in the impeller are increasing, and reach the maximum value on the interface. In the casing flow passage, those values are about 7% of local static pressure except some ones near the tongue. The values become decreasingly in the diffuser pipe. The frequency spectrums transformed by fast Fourier transform （FFT） show that the dominant frequency is approximate with the blade passing frequency, and the pressure fluctuations in impeller passage have high frequency content while those in casing ones have no such information.

Numerical Simulation of Rotor-stator Interactions in a Transonic Compressor Stage

A numerical method is developed for the simulation of rotor\|stator interactions in a compessor or turbine stage. This method solves quasi\|three\|dimensional Navier\|Stokes equations by an implicit high\|resolution finite volume approach.A fully conservative method is designed to compute the inviscid and viscous fluxes at the interface of rotor and stator grids. Numerical results of rotor\|stator interactions in a transonic compressor stage are presented. The mechanism of rotor\|stator interactions in this compressor stage is discussed in terms of the computational results.

泵喷定子襟翼作动对转子非定常力抑制方法数值研究

[目的]转子非定常力是泵喷推进器轴系振动的主要激励源,其产生机理和抑制机理受转−定子干扰流动的影响,需研究其抑制方法。[方法]在泵喷推进器定子后缘引入襟翼结构,利用襟翼作动产生二次流动,改变转子入流条件,调控转−定子干扰流动,达到抑制转子非定常力的目的。以具有前置定子襟翼的Suboff全附体艇后泵喷推进器为研究对象,采用基于SST k–ω湍流模型的URANS方法和动网格技术建立可实现定子襟翼作动的数值模型。针对转子非定常力转子叶频分量的抑制,给出定子襟翼作动规律的表达式。[结果]结果显示,在襟翼作动最优控制下,泵喷的水动力性能变化不超过1%,转子轴向非定常力在转子叶频处下降了83.35%,单个转子叶片轴向非定常力在转子叶频处降低了81.80%;襟翼作动对定子尾迹与转子入流速度的调控是抑制转子非定常力的机理。[结论]研究表明,最优控制下的定子襟翼作动能够在保持水动力性能的同时使转子非定常力特征线谱得到显著抑制,可为泵喷推进器的叶频等线谱控制提供一种新的思路。

Numerical Simulation of Rotor-aerodynamic Surface Interaction in Hover Using Moving Chimera Grid

Three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved to simulate the aerodynamic interaction of rotor, canard and horizontal tail in hover based on moving chimera grid. The variations of unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard and horizontal tail with respect to the rotor azimuth are analyzed with the deflection angle set at 0° and 50°, respectively. The pressure map of aerodynamic surfaces and velocity vector distribution of flow field are investigated to get better understanding of the unsteady aerodynamic interaction. The result shows that the canard and horizontal tail present different characteristics under the downwash of the rotor. The canard produces much vertical force loss with low amplitude fluctuation. Contrarily, the horizontal tail, which is within the flow field induced by the down wash of the rotor, produces only less vertical force loss, but the amplitudes of the lift and pitching moment are larger, implying that a potential deflection angle scheme in hover is 50° for the canard and 0° for the horizontal tail.

动静干涉下高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能分析

为了探索航空发动机高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响因素及其作用规律,对叶片高速旋转作用下某航空发动机高压涡轮外环的非定常气膜冷却过程进行了3维数值模拟。应用滑移网格技术实现了涡轮叶片与涡轮外环壁面之间的相对运动以及转子与静子之间干涉作用的模拟;分析了叶片的旋转作用、吹风比、气膜射流方向、气膜轴向射流角度等因素对高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明:在高吹风比下应防止叶片前缘上游气膜孔冷却裕度不足现象的发生;逆向排布的气膜孔更适合在高吹风比下使用;当气膜入射角由45°减小为30°时,外环面平均气膜冷却效率时均值增大18.54%,显著提高了涡轮外环冷却的冷气利用效率。

高速泵内三维非定常动静干扰流动计算

利用三维Navier-Stokes方程和RNG湍流模型,并在转动部件与静止部件间采用滑移网格技术建立交互界面,对高速泵内多级动静干扰引起的三维非定常湍流进行了计算,得到了旋转叶轮与固定导叶间的流体的紊流特征。

非定常流动计算的PISO算法

与SIMPLE算法比较 ,PISO算法有其计算非定常流动的优势。本文针对非交错网格下PISO算法提出改进 ,简化其求解过程 ,使其计算步骤统一。斯托克斯第二问题计算结果比较 ,说明在非交错网格下改进后PISO算法比SIMPLE算法更适宜于非定常流动的计算 。

三峡水轮机的非定常湍流计算及整机压力脉动分析

本文对三峡原型混流式水轮机进行了三维非定常湍流计算 ,得到了水轮机的非定常流场 ,预测了尾水管内、转轮前、活动导叶前、固定导叶前和蜗壳进口的压力脉动。通过与模型试验结果进行比较可以看出 ,本文提供的计算结果能够准确预测水轮机内的压力脉动。分析结果表明 ,尾水管内涡带及转轮与活动导叶间的动静干扰是产生压力脉动的两个主要脉动源 ,并在整个水轮机流道内传播。

混流泵压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响

为了研究不同工况下混流泵内部压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响,基于RANS方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,对混流泵进行非定常数值计算,在此基础上取叶片表面非定常压力脉动作为声源,采用间接边界元法对由叶片旋转偶极子源所引起的外场噪声进行数值计算。结果表明:混流泵叶轮进出口处的压力脉动幅值均是沿着轮缘到轮毂逐渐减小,叶轮进口处压力系数的最大值是出口处的2倍;沿着蜗壳周向,隔舌部位处压力脉动最为剧烈,随着监测点的位置远离隔舌,其压力脉动情况逐步改善;不同工况下,混流泵内各处的压力脉动主频均保持叶片通过频率不变;混流泵叶轮和蜗壳之间的动静干涉作用是引发流动诱导噪声的主要原因;流动诱导噪声的主频是由压力脉动主频以及泵体结构的固有频率综合决定的;不同工况下,混流泵内部压力脉动程度越强,该工况对应的流动诱导噪声辐射水平越强。该文对混流泵机组的稳定运行以及流动诱导噪声的控制提供了参考。

多级离心泵内部非定常压力脉动的数值模拟

为了研究多级离心泵内部稳态和瞬态的流动特征,以不锈钢冲压多级离心泵为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件ANSYS CFX,选取标准k-ε湍流模型,在设计工况下对整机进行两级全流场非定常数值模拟.计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模型和计算方法的准确性.在叶轮某一流道的压力面和吸力面分别设置了4个监测点,在导叶的某一流道设置了6个监测点,分别分析了叶轮和流道式导叶内不同位置的压力脉动特性,并对其进行了频域分析.结果表明:叶轮与导叶间的动静干涉是产生静压波动的原因,静压波动均值从叶轮进口到叶轮出口逐渐增大;整体式冲压叶轮的形状影响正导叶内的压力脉动,一个周期内的压力波动间隔相似;叶轮和导叶间的动静干涉影响显著,首级泵体反导叶中部及出口位置脉动频率为3倍叶频,而在其他位置处均为1倍叶频;额定工况下导叶内部脉动主频均出现在低频处,表现为叶频压力脉动.

液力变矩器泵轮内流场非定常流动现象研究

液力变矩器内部为复杂的三维非定常湍流流动,为分析变矩器泵轮内部三维非定常流动特性,建立液力变矩器非定常计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真分析模型,并通过激光多普勒测速(Laser Doppler anemometry,LDA)技术手段对该模型进行验证分析。研究泵轮转速800 r/min,速比为0.6工况下,不同涡轮和导轮位置,对于泵轮内流场非定常流动现象的影响。结果表明:该非定常CFD模型结果与LDA测试结果相吻合,且能够较为准确地反映泵轮内流场非定常流动状态,作为泵轮流场的上游,相对于涡轮对泵轮内部流动的影响,导轮对泵轮内流动状态的影响较大,并主要影响泵轮入口面附近。涡轮主要影响泵轮内流场中间面到出口面的尾流低速区,但影响幅度相对于导轮较小。

叶轮机械动静叶片排非定常气动干涉的数值模拟

本文采用一种分区算法求解二维Navier-Stokes方程，对叶轮机械多级叶片排内的非定常流场干涉进行数值模拟。在探讨分区计算对于复杂通道内流场和动静叶列非定常干涉作用数值计算的必要性和重要性之后，针对某蒸汽轮机跨音速叶片组进行了数值分析，得到了典型的动静叶间非定常干涉流动图谱、作用于叶片的非定常气动力及其频谱特征。计算结果表明。本文提出的计算方法是合理有效的，为今后进行大规模动静叶非定常气动计算和基于非定常数值模拟的工程设计提供了可靠的依据和有用的工具。

跨声压气机动静干涉效应的数值研究

采用数值方法对一轴流跨声压气机在设计点的非定常流场进行了模拟,对级内动静干涉进行了深入分析,研究了尾迹和位势作用等对动静叶表面气动负荷的影响.计算结果表明:在压气机中,上游动叶的尾迹等对静叶通道内部流动,叶片表面静压的波动,以及边界层流动损失的发生、发展和输运产生明显的影响,需要在设计中加以考虑.