The rough-toothed dolphin genome provides new insights into the genetic mechanism of its rough teeth

The rough-toothed dolphin(Steno bredanensis)is characterized by having teeth covered infinely wrinkled vertical ridges,which is a general manifestation of amelogenesis imperfecta.The rough surfaces are hypothesized to be an evolutionary morphological trait of feeding adaptation to increase the dolphin’s grip on prey.Here,we assembled a rough-toothed dolphin genome and performed the comparative genomic analysis to reveal the genetic basis of the special enamel.Results showed that genes related to enamel development or dental diseases have undergone diver-sified adaptive changes that may shape the special enamel morphology of this dolphin species,including positive selection(CLDN19,PRKCE,SSUH2,and WDR72),rapid evolution(LAMB3),or unique amino acid substitutions(AMTN,ENAM,MMP20,and KLK4).Meanwhile,the historical demography of rough-toothed dolphin indicated several distinct populationfluctuations associated with climate change.The genome-wide heterozygosity of this dolphin is in the middle of all published data for cetaceans.Although the population is considerable,there may be population or subspecies differentiation,and with the global warming and the increasing disturbance of human activities,we should pay more attention to protection in the future.Together,our study brings new insights into the genetic mechanisms that may have driven the evolution of the special enamel morphology in rough-toothed dolphins and provides thefirst results of genetic heterozygosity and population historical dynamics of this species,which have important guiding implications for the conservation of this dolphin species.

Vulnerability and Conservation of Nearshore Cetaceans to Increasing Vessel Traffic:The Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin in the South China Sea

A comprehensive risk assessment to evaluate the vulnerability of the nearshore cetaceans to increasing marine traffic is lacking.In this study,the risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in the main habitats in China was assessed based on a semiquantitative spatial vulnerability analysis.85%of the(sub)population which overlapped with the lanes of ferries and/or cargo vessels,with exposure scores of 1.23±0.31(calculated based on the proportion of sea routes that overlap the dolphin’s range).A combination of high exposure to the sea routes and sensitivity to marine traffic would render the(sub)populations to be highly vulnerable(EPRE:5.21 and XM:4.47).A low frequency of vessels and an awareness of the ecology assures a low vulnerability(SH:2.43,EZ:2.73).Uncertainty scores were commonly lower for the higher vulnerable populations,and higher for the lower vulnerable populations,suggesting additional field data and more monitoring are necessary.Six years of field data have been used to analyze the influences of various types of marine traffic on humpback dolphin behavior.Fishing and non-fishing vessels were significantly different(χ^(2)=65.19,p<0.01).The humpback dolphins were attracted by fishing vessels(83.1%)but avoided non-fishing vessels(95.2%).We recommend a management with seasonal and geographical constraints,to balance economic development and environmental conservation.

Dolphin软件分析自锁托槽矫治青少年安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌患者颞下颌关节的变化

目的探讨应用Dolphin软件分析自锁托槽矫治青少年安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌患者颞下颌关节的变化。方法选取2020年12月至2022年3月中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院口腔科就诊的110例青少年安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌患者作为研究对象进行回顾性研究,其中男48例,女62例,年龄(12.21±1.02)岁。所有患者均采用自锁托槽矫治器矫正治疗,矫正前后拍摄大视野锥形束CT(CBCT),导入Dolphin软件进行定点测量,分析患者矫正前、矫正两年后颞下颌关节变化情况。采用配对t检验。结果矫正后,轴状面的左侧髁突内外径(16.42±0.43)mm、右侧髁突内外径(16.10±0.88)mm、左侧前后径(8.62±0.80)mm、右侧前后径(8.96±1.19)mm、左侧颞下颌关节半径(49.36±1.25)mm、右侧颞下颌关节半径(49.06±1.20)mm、左侧髁突高度(3.44±0.23)mm、右侧髁突高度(3.85±0.30)mm均大于矫正前(t=2.151、2.350、6.914、3.250、2.393、2.188、1.984、9.354,均P<0.05);矫正后,矢状位的左侧关节前间隙(2.30±0.41)mm、右侧关节前间隙(2.54±0.52)mm、左侧关节上间隙(2.89±0.50)mm、右侧关节上间隙(3.04±1.02)mm、左侧关节后间隙(2.58±0.49)mm、右侧关节后间隙(2.46±0.53)mm、左侧髁突宽(9.06±0.99)mm、右侧髁突宽(10.06±1.36)mm均大于矫正前(t=2.231、3.635、1.996、2.281、19.761、17.790、2.076、3.286,均P<0.05);矫正后,冠状位的左侧关节内间隙(2.86±0.78)mm、右侧关节内间隙(2.77±0.63)mm、左侧关节上间隙(3.04±0.52)mm、右侧关节上间隙(3.30±0.98)mm、左侧关节外间隙(3.64±1.00)mm、右侧关节外间隙(3.88±1.15)mm、左侧髁突宽(15.00±0.82)mm,右侧髁突宽(15.12±0.99)mm均大于矫正前(t=2.101、2.183、6.097、5.189、2.073、2.292、3.020、2.639,均P<0.05)。结论经Dolphin软件分析,青少年安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌患者采用自锁式托槽式矫治器治疗,颞下颌关节参数发生一定变化。

Dolphin三维影像处理技术实现埋伏牙可视化的临床应用研究

目的探讨利用Dolphin三维影像处理系统实现埋伏牙完全可视化的新技术。方法对南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的埋伏牙患者17例,采用锥体束颅面CT对患者头面部扫描后,将CBCT数据转化成DICOM格式保存。使用Dolphin三维影像处理技术系统,在计算机中建立三维数字牙颌面模型。结果 17例患者CBCT数据经Dolphin软件处理后,均重建出所需牙颌三维数字图像,充分显示埋伏牙的位置、结构及与周围组织关系,实现了埋伏牙充分可视化。结论 Dolphin三维影像处理技术可将CBCT信息转化成三维数字模型,快速、简便的实现埋伏牙可视化,为制定正确完善的治疗方案和外科开窗助萌操作以及有效的医患沟通提供帮助。

PD与Dolphin验证系统在乳腺癌调强放疗计划剂量验证中的应用

目的研究PD(portal dosimetry)与Dolphin在乳腺癌调强放疗计划剂量验证中的应用。方法选取12例左侧乳腺癌调强放疗计划,分别采用加速器自带的非晶硅射野影像系统PD和IBA公司的Dolphin穿透电离室矩阵进行剂量验证,对比分析其通过率、评估点数及未通过区域,运用γ分析验证两者剂量分布的一致性。差异指标包括γ通过率(3%/3 mm,TH=10%和2%/2 mm,TH=10%),靶区剂量参数D_(1)、D_(mean)、D_(99)与危及器官剂量参数D_(1)、D_(mean)等。结果采用γ(3%/3 mm)标准进行分析时两种验证系统的平均通过率均在95%以上,采用γ(2%/2 mm)标准进行分析时两种验证系统的平均通过率均在90%以上,都能满足临床要求,PD组的验证结果明显高于Compass计算组和Dolphin测量重建组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PTV对应的D_(1)、D_(mean)和D_(99)采用Compass计算和Dolphin测量重建均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),平均差异值范围在5%以内;对于危及器官中左肺和心脏的D_(1)和D_(mean)的比较,只有心脏的D_(mean)差异较大,存在统计学差异(P<0.05),其余均无统计学差异。结论两种设备均能有效验证直线加速器对放疗计划的执行能力,PD是一个方便用于验证调强放疗计划的理想二维验证设备,Dolphin三维验证系统的独立核算和实测重建可以全面的分析理论与实际照射剂量差异,为乳腺癌调强放疗计划的准确实施提供参考依据。

Discussion on Feasibility of Adjustment Program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve

From the protection of Chinese white dolphin and living environment,and considering the industrial development in coastal areas,we put forward adjustment program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve. Meanwhile we analyzed the feasibility of this program by systematically focusing the effect of adjusted functional regions on Chinese white dolphin.

基于Dolphin芯片组的大型无线表决系统方案

选用TI公司推出的跳频扩频(FHSS)无线通用异步接收/发送器(UART)芯片组Dolphin,提出了构成大型无线表决系统的方案.该方案采用跳频技术,成功地解决了在多用户环境下的信号窜扰的问题,而用户却无需开发跳频协议.同时,实测200m的有效半径也能保证各种应用场合尤其是大型会场的运用.得益于Dolphin芯片组的引入,方案更具有保密性好、传输距离远、易于开发及可扩展性强的特点.

开源应用系统Phpbb和Dolphin的集成

阐述了将开源Phpbb论坛系统和Dolphin社区门户进行集成,实现单点注册、登录和用户共享的思路.分析了两个系统的相关流程,遵循原系统的编程风格和编程规范,并利用原系统的函数,给出了修改的程序代码.

The Chemical Speciation and Behavior of Mercury and Selenium in the Insoluble Fraction of Striped Dolphin Liver

Most of the mercury and selenium exist in the insoluble fraction of dolphin liver. After the insoluble fraction was digested by alkaline protease in the presence of 1%SDS, approximately 50% of Hg and Se consisted in the supernatant and the others in the residue. Gel filtration chromatography of the hydrolysate showed that 96% of Hg and 87% of Se were combined with the high molecular weight proteins stably, which cannot be substituted by the complex reagents. Mercury and selenium in the residue were confirmed as HgSe crystal.

Optimization Mathematical Model of Pile Forces for Offshore Piled Breasting Dolphins

An optimization mathematical model of the pile forces for piled breasting dolphins in the open sea under various loading conditions is presented. The optimum layout with the well distributed pile forces and the least number of piles is achieved by the multiplier penalty function method. Several engineering cases have been calculated and compared with the result of the conventional design method. It is shown that the number of piles can be reduced at least by 10%～20% and the piles' bearing state is improved greatly.

Dolphin在调强放射治疗计划三维剂量验证中的应用

目的探讨Dolphin在调强放射治疗(IMRT)计划三维剂量验证中的应用价值。方法随机选取医院2020年1—8月收治的15例肿瘤患者,其中盆腔部肿瘤患者、头颈部肿瘤患者、肺部肿瘤患者各5例,盆腔部和头颈部肿瘤患者治疗计划采用的是容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT),肺部肿瘤患者治疗计划采用的是动态IMRT,将所有患者的治疗计划分别在MOSAIQ系统质量保证(QA)模式下用Dolphin进行实际测量,然后将结果导入Compass软件,最终对比分析Dolphin实测剂量与计划剂量在患者定位CT图像上的剂量分布、剂量体积直方图(DVH)和三维Gamma(3%,3 mm)值。结果Dolphin实测剂量与计划剂量在患者定位CT图像上的三维剂量分布基本一致,DVH基本吻合,且两者肿瘤靶区和正常组织器官的Gamma通过率均大于95%。结论临床可将Dolphin用于放射治疗计划三维剂量验证中,其较传统的二维剂量验证系统和三维剂量验证系统(如Mapcheck和ArcCHECK)操作更加简单、快捷。

Dolphin Vocal Sound Generation via Deep WaveGAN

The marine biological sonar system evolved in the struggle of nature is far superior to the current artificial sonar. Therefore, the development of bionic underwater concealed detection is of great strategic significance to the military and economy. In this paper, a generative adversarial network(GAN) is trained based on the dolphin vocal sound dataset we constructed, which can achieve unsupervised generation of dolphin vocal sounds with global consistency. Through the analysis of the generated audio samples and the real audio samples in the time domain and the frequency domain, it can be proven that the generated audio samples are close to the real audio samples,which meets the requirements of bionic underwater concealed detection.

Dolphin系统在OBC地震勘探震源船综合导航中的应用

在OBC地震勘探施工中,综合导航定位系统对震源船导航、气枪激发与资料采集的同步控制起着至关重要的作用。本文介绍了Dolphin海上综合导航定位系统的组成,阐述了拖枪导航定位的工作原理,结合该系统在OBC地震勘探中的应用实例,探讨了对该系统在使用过程中遇到的问题,给出了具体的解决办法。其目的是为Dolphin系统的用户提供借鉴,为开发者完善系统提供参考。

Preliminary analysis of echolocation signals produced by fleeing Irrawaddy dolphins(Orcaella brevirostris)

In this study, echolocation signals were recorded from a wild Irrawaddy dolphin(Orcaella brevirostris) in shallow water in the Bay of Brunei. During sound recording, a small fishing boat engine startled a nearby Irrawaddy dolphin and began chasing it on two occasions. Variations in the acoustic parameters were detected. When the Irrawaddy dolphin was startled and chased, the sound pressure level, number of click trains per minute, pulse number, and average inter-pulse interval(PI) per click train were all affected. The PI increased and exhibited a slight downward trend during the chase. The increase in PI indicated an increase in the inspection distance as the dolphin escaped. Thus, Irrawaddy dolphins may adapt their echolocation signals to stand out from ambient noise in the wild and to improve their search efforts in potentially risky situations. Appropriate management of the burst noise around the dolphins is important.

基于DOLPHIN的液化轻烃管道泄漏监测

为了避免液化轻烃在管道运输中发生安全事故,保障周边区域人员和财产安全,采用DOLPHIN智能音波管道泄漏监测系统实时监测液化轻烃运输中可能发生的泄漏,实现自动报警准确定位功能,并能够与两端切断阀联动提供控制信号。文中介绍了DOLPHIN智能音波管道泄漏监测系统的原理、组成及功能,叙述了系统在中原油田天然气处理厂液态烃外输管道系统设计、测试的应用情况。结果表明:DOLPHIN智能音波管道泄漏监测系统能够准确检测泄漏信号并及时报警定位,且其操作简单、性能可靠,具有实用和推广价值。

采用Dolphin技术治理河道水质的探索

介绍了Dolphin技术的原理、特点,采用该技术对河道水处理后,水质有很大的改变,水体能见度明显提高,臭味被遏制,藻类显著减少,而且无污泥和异味,对氨氮和高锰酸钾指数的去除率均在50%左右。

Preliminary Study on the Distribution of Irrawaddy Dolphin, <i>Orcaella brevirostris</i>, in Banten Bay

Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) are aquatic mammals with critically endangered status able to live in different water salinities habitats, like estuary, rivers and lakes. Banten Bay features estuarine area where rapid economic development, contributed from industry, ports, mining and fisheries, takes place, and thus the presence of Irrawaddy dolphins in the area faces various environmental threats. This research aimed to study the distribution of Irrawaddy dolphins in Banten Bay and explore environmental factors threatening its life. Dolphins observation was conducted from January 2013-February 2014, using direct visual effort by team of observer and indirect effort by local fishermen. Direct visual effort was performed on boat by three observers, with maximum vessel speed 15 km/hour and total length of transect was 404 Km. Indirect visual effort comprised of regular assessment by 32 local fishermen when they conducted capture fishing at two different areas (South and North of Banten Bay). Sightings data from direct and indirect visual observation compiled with respondents opinion were mapped using Arc View&reg?GIS 3.3, resulting in distribution map of Irrawaddy dolphin in Banten Bay. Irrawaddy dolphin was most frequently observed in the northeast, south and central areas of the bay. Environmental threats alarming the lives of Irrawaddy dolphin in the Banten Bay may include noise pollution, boat accident and entanglement.

New Evidence for Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops spp.) Population Connectivity between Kangaroo Island and South Australian Mainland Waters

Limited information still exists on the movements of bottlenose dolphins in South Australian coastal waters. There is, however, a need to overcome this paucity of information for an effective development and implementation of conservation and management initiatives in these waters that are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. This study infers potential movements of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) between Kangaroo Island that separate and shelter South Australian coastal waters from the Southern Ocean swell, and the South Australian mainland (The Fleurieu Peninsula and The Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary). Bottlenose dolphins were identified from three separate photo-identification catalogues collated from around the South Australian coastline. Of the 3518, 654 and 181 dolphins sighted in Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu Peninsula and the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary, 233, 74 and 40 individuals were recognizable, respectively. Resighting rates were similar in Kangaroo Island (70.4%) and Fleurieu Peninsula (75.7%), but much lower in the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (35%). Ten individuals were resighted between Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu Peninsula, whilst no matches were made between these two locations and the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary catalogue. This suggests a longitudinal connectivity between Kangaroo Island and South Australian mainland waters, but a lack of latitudinal connectivity that may result from the physical stratification processes that separate northern and southern South Australian waters. Our results also demonstrate the highly mobile nature of this species within South Australian waters as well as establish photo-identification as an effective non-invasive tool in which to monitor long-term movement patterns).

Photo-Identification Methods Reveal Seasonal and Long-Term Site-Fidelity of Risso’s Dolphins (<i>Grampus griseus</i>) in Shallow Waters (Cardigan Bay, Wales)

A photo-identification study on Risso’s dolphins was carried out off BardseyIslandinWales(July to September, 1997-2007). Their local abundance was estimated using two different analytical techniques: (1) mark-recapture of well-marked dolphins using a ‘closed-population’ model;and (2) a census technique based on the total number of identified individual dolphins sighted over the study period. The mark-recapture estimates of 121 (left sides;64 - 178 95% CI;CV 0.24) and 145 dolphins (right sides;78 - 213 95% CI;CV 0.24) closely matched the census technique estimates (population size of 90 - 151). It was found that the dolphins showed a degree of long-term and seasonal site-fidelity. A first long-distance match was made for Risso’s dolphins (319 km) betweenBardseyIslandandCornwall, confirming they can be wide-ranging animals. This study demonstrates that the combination of systematic and opportunistic photo-ID studies has complementary value as a population assessment tool in generating the first local abundance estimate for Risso’s dolphins inUKwaters. From the conservation perspective, these studies confirm the regular presence of Risso’s dolphins in these waters and the presence of calves shows breeding.BardseyIslandmay be part of a network of localities that are important habitats to this species where it may take advantage of prey abundance in shallow waters. As such, results of this study may provide assistance to include the Risso’s dolphin in future regional conservation strategies including the envisaged marine protected areas.

An Assessment to Relationships between the Yellowfin Tuna and the Spotted Dolphin in Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) from 1998 to 2006

Database belong to the Programa Nacional de Aprovechamiento del Atún y Protección de los Delfines (PNAAPD) from México. The area covers from latitude 5 to 20 N and longitude 90 to 125 W, Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO), for 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005 and 2006 includes date, geographical position, sea surface temperature, tuna’s catch, yellowfin tuna’s size and dolphin’s number. 5 degress squares of latitude and longitude, each year were made. Yellowfin tuna number was normally distributed (KSd = 0.02, P > 0.20). The problem to solve is the relationship of the spotted dolphin and yellowfin tuna, that may analyze in the background of a non linear generalized model. Considering the array of latitude and longitude over the years that the abundance of yellowfin tuna is a dependent variable and the spotted dolphin abundance is the covariance continuous variable, the interaction and covariance, indicates a significant contribution to variability. The tuna abundance index does produce significative differences in latitude and longitude. Considering the dolphin as a dependent variable and the yellowfin tuna as a covariance continuous variable, the dolphin abundance index produced significative differences in latitude and longitude.