A Large-Scale Group Decision Making Model Based on Trust Relationship and Social Network Updating

With the development of big data and social computing,large-scale group decisionmaking(LGDM)is nowmerging with social networks.Using social network analysis(SNA),this study proposes an LGDM consensus model that considers the trust relationship among decisionmakers(DMs).In the process of consensusmeasurement:the social network is constructed according to the social relationship among DMs,and the Louvain method is introduced to classify social networks to form subgroups.In this study,the weights of each decision maker and each subgroup are computed by comprehensive network weights and trust weights.In the process of consensus improvement:A feedback mechanism with four identification and two direction rules is designed to guide the consensus of the improvement process.Based on the trust relationship among DMs,the preferences are modified,and the corresponding social network is updated to accelerate the consensus.Compared with the previous research,the proposedmodel not only allows the subgroups to be reconstructed and updated during the adjustment process,but also improves the accuracy of the adjustment by the feedbackmechanism.Finally,an example analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.Moreover,compared with previous studies,the superiority of the proposed method in solving the LGDM problem is highlighted.

Consensus model of social network group decision-making based on trust relationship among experts and expert reliability

Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship among experts and the internal reliability of experts are important factors in decision-making.This paper focuses on improving the scientificity and effectiveness of decision-making and presents a consensus model combining trust relationship among experts and expert reliability in social network group decision-making(SN-GDM).A concept named matching degree is proposed to measure expert reliability.Meanwhile,linguistic information is applied to manage the imprecise and vague information.Matching degree is expressed by a 2-tuple linguistic model,and experts’preferences are measured by a probabilistic linguistic term set(PLTS).Subsequently,a hybrid weight is explored to weigh experts’importance in a group.Then a consensus measure is introduced and a feedback mechanism is developed to produce some personalized recommendations with higher group consensus.Finally,a comparative example is provided to prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed consensus model.

Trust in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

Background: The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the true importance of trust in clinical practice by looking at how it is formed, how it affects clinical practice, and how to improve it. Methods: Using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, a review of the literature was performed to identify research evaluating the importance of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. After thorough screening and removal of duplicates, 21 articles were used in the literature review. Results: The classifying themes that emerged in the selected articles were What Makes Trust and Effects of Trust. The theme of What Makes Trust garnered two subthemes as well: Impact of Doctor-Patient Relationship on Trust and Impact of Shared Decision-Making on Trust. Further to that, the overarching themes found were slightly more specific. They were Traits of Trust, Mistrust and Barriers to Trust, Positive Effects of Trust and the Effects of a Lack of Trust. We found that the best way to improve trust was to improve communication between the patient and the doctor. Additionally, we found that the biggest barrier to a trusting doctor patient relationship was a stigmatised condition, followed by a perception of a financially-motivated doctor. Finally, we found that a lack of trust can prevent patients from seeking and receiving proper treatment. Conclusions: With a better understanding of how trust is built and the extent of the role it plays in clinical practice, we hope that this growing knowledge can improve the practice of many doctors in the future. It is certain that more research needs to be done in this area, especially focusing on vulnerable and stigmatised populations such as chronic pain patients.

Patients’ Experiences of Trust in the Patient-Nurse Relationship——A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Aims and Objectives: To report a synthesis of the literature on the meaning of trust in the context of patients’ experiences of nursing. The review question was “How do patients describe the meaning of trust in the nursing relationship?” Background: Trust is essential in nursing as it has the potential to create opportunities for the human being to gain faith, hope and meaning in life as well as open up for new experiences. Trust is an interpersonal and essential element of all patient-nurse relationships and requires nurses to create a trusting relationship with the patients. Design: Systematic qualitative literature review. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for the period January 2002 to December 2012, updated in January 2014. 20 papers were included. Results: Four categories emerged: Attitudes related to trust, indicating that trust is fundamental and existential;Experiences of trust, concerning how trust can be sensed;The patient-nurse relationship, revealing the qualities of the person who creates trust;and Where trust occurs, illuminating the contextual relevancies of trust. Conclusions: Patients’ experiences of trust in nursing are dependent on the nurses’ knowledge, level of commitment in the dialogue to creating and developing the relationship and contextual issues. Implications for nursing practice: Reflection on a trusting relationship with the patient is necessary for a deeper conceptual understanding of trust in nursing. Clinical nurse researchers nurse supervisors, managers and nurse educatorsshould discuss different areas of trust during nursing supervision and focus-group meetings as well as with nursing graduates to ensure that nurses develop knowledge of how to create a trusting patient-nurse relationship.

高校图书馆用户关系管理指南针报告

教育部高等学校图书情报工作指导委员会和北京大学图书馆合作研制《高校图书馆用户关系管理指南针报告》,构建了高校图书馆用户关系管理理论框架,并采用问卷调查法对全国中大规模高校图书馆的用户关系管理情况开展调研,从用户受益、用户信任、用户参与等细分维度及整体进展方面对高校图书馆用户关系管理工作现状进行系统分析,总结出高校图书馆用户关系管理在顶层规划部署、服务拓展细化、信任培育加固、用户参与深化等方面的发展趋势,为高校图书馆用户关系建设与发展提供方向指引。

基于信任理论的北京大学图书馆用户关系管理新探

如何开展用户关系管理是高校图书馆现代化发展道路上必然面临的问题。北京大学图书馆将用户作为图书馆可持续发展的关键要素,自2018年以来,基于用户信任统筹推进用户关系管理,秉持真抓实干、重在参与、实在受益、贵在信任、凝心聚力的战略方针,构建相互信赖、深度协作、长期友好的用户关系,取得明显成效。文章对基于信任理论的北京大学图书馆用户关系管理的实践探索进行初步总结。

患者信任的多层内涵与影响机制探析

通过对不同界定取向下患者信任内涵的阐释,结合中国的社会文化情境,按照人际层面、机构层面和系统层面梳理了患者信任的概念内涵,归纳了患者信任的四种影响机制模型,包括基于患者的信任倾向性模型、基于医方的感知可信度模型、生态学模型和动态演变模型。未来应在人际信任、机构信任、系统信任的不同层次,全方位理解患者信任的影响路径;关注不同就医情境下患者信任的动态演变,及时识别信任受损风险;以及探索信任受损的修复策略及协同治理路径。

社会工作专业关系的内在重构 --信任关系中的人伦“五常”

在社会工作本土化建设中,专业关系是社会工作者首要面对的问题。在现有的理论逻辑下审视专业关系,无法完全应对社会工作在实务中出现的问题。建立信任是构建专业关系的首要任务,信任也是维护专业关系持续向好的保障。将人伦“五常”理论移植于信任关系中似乎更符合中国人的文化传统,“五常”理论应用于人伦信任之中回应了社会工作对于伦理道德的缺失,为社会工作本土化的专业关系建构发展提供借鉴意义。

信息信义关系:数字经济时代信任关系的重建与选择

数字经济时代,平台与用户之间已形成持续不平等的信息关系,用户信息权益保护问题成为数字时代的重大课题。重建信任关系,是推动信息秩序良性发展的第一要义。信息信义理论和数据信托理论,前者可用于用户信息保护,后者更适用于数据共享治理。在平台与用户直接信息交互的场景中,通过嵌入传统型、专业型、守密型和影响力型信义关系,信息信义关系的创新方案得以全面证成,数字经济时代的信任关系得以有效重建。但信息信义关系在具体适用时仍面临信义义务冲突、私力救济不足和信息垄断风险等困境,该方案还需在未来实践中不断修正。

官员对民众信任的形成机制:文化主义视角下多元因素的解释

在政民关系中,政府与民众的相互信任同等重要,其中官员对民众的信任直接影响他们对公众意见的听取和采纳,但是关于官员对民众信任的影响因素研究目前还不充分。构建一个文化主义视角的模型并基于4000余份样本进行检测,结果显示中国政府官员对民众的信任总体呈现中等水平,受到官员的信任倾向、公共服务动机、家长式领导认同、传统媒体使用等因素的正向影响,同时受到传统等级观念、面子意识、互联网媒体使用等因素的负向影响。加强思想建设、践行社会主义核心价值观、弘扬人民至上的立场使命,有助于增强官员对民众的信任,改善干群关系,提升治理效能。

我国三级公立医院住院患者对医生的信任现状及影响因素研究

目的调查我国三级公立医院住院患者对医生的信任现状并分析其影响因素,为提升患者信任度、改善医患关系提供参考。方法依托第3次全国改善医疗服务行动第三方评估项目,选取全国31个省(区、市)和新疆生产建设兵团共136家三级公立医院开展调查,共收回21092名住院患者的调查问卷。应用R4.3.2软件对所得数据进行统计分析。结果我国三级公立医院住院患者对其主治医生的信任度为98.37%。患者职业、家庭年收入、医院类型等非医疗因素是住院患者对医生信任度的影响因素。结论我国三级公立医院住院患者对医生的信任度总体较高,但不同地区存在差异。应重视病区环境和膳食质量等非医疗因素的改进,以增强患者对医疗服务提供方的信任,提升患者整体就医体验,进一步改善医患关系。

关系强度对农地流转契约选择影响的研究——来自贵州省4县(市)1108户农户的经验证据

基于贵州省4县(市)1108户农户的一手调研数据,利用Probit模型考察关系强度对农地流转契约选择的影响,同时使用改进中介效应模型进一步探讨其内在传导机制。结果表明:关系强度越弱,农户在农地流转时越倾向于采用书面式契约;自然空间距离以及信任在关系强度对农户农地流转契约选择的影响中具有中介效应。上述研究结论的启示为:在经济发展相对落后的农村地区,农地流转过程中的契约选择实质上尚未摆脱社会关系的影响,农地流转双方仍旧会基于关系强度来配置农地资源。因此,中央及各级地方政府在推动农地流转契约正规化的过程中,一定要充分考虑当地差序格局、信任机制以及关系网络等非正式制度供给在乡村治理中所发挥的重要作用。

社会资本视域下乡村治理共同体的构建

治理共同体的构建是乡村治理现代化的前提基础,是打造共建共治共享社会治理新格局的内在要求。以关系网络、社会信任和互惠规范为核心要素的社会资本作为内嵌于乡村社会中的重要治理资源,与乡村社会治理共同体具有高度的价值契合与逻辑关联。在中国式现代化进程中,乡村社会关系网络日趋松散、社会信任流失、互惠规范乏力,乡村治理共同体重建面临着社会资本接续不济、存量不足、功能衰弱等困境。新时代要实现乡村治理共同体的重建,需要重构关系网络,以组织再造优化乡村治理结构;重建互惠规范,激活乡村多元主体参与动能;重塑社会信任,培育乡村治理的公共精神与共情文化,通过社会资本再造驱动乡村社会治理现代化。

涵化理论视域下公安网剧构建和谐警民关系研究

尽管涵化理论在融媒体时代经历不断发展与修正,其对于拟态环境中警察形象的传播仍具有重要意义。通过影响观众对于警察和司法系统的认知和态度、对警察执法内容和效率的评价以及对社会治安环境的认知和评估,进而影响观众对于警察执法活动和警务工作的理解,紧密警民关系。公安机关应积极参与公安网剧创作、制作过程,重视公安话语权;关注剧情内容和细节,注重公安叙事;依托公安新媒体矩阵,强化公安网剧涵化效果。

社交网络中动态信任感知的观点演化模型

社交关系网络的复杂性和动态性为观点演化研究带来三大挑战:一是研究者在确定个体的观点交互集合时没有考虑个体的信任阈值,导致观点交互集合的准确性不足;二是现有研究通常忽略了非邻居节点之间的交互对社会群体观点演化的影响;三是现有研究通常基于个体间的观点距离来更新社交网络结构,没有考虑个体间的信任关系对网络结构的影响.为了应对上述挑战,提出一种社交网络中动态信任感知的观点演化模型(Dynamic Trust-Aware Opinion Evolution Model in Social Networks,DTAOE).具体地,首先基于信任传播规则构建出社交群体的信任矩阵;之后,基于引入的信任度阈值和信任矩阵,从邻居节点以及非邻居节点中确定当前个体的信任集合,进而基于信任集合中观点相似的个体更新当前个体的观点;最后,根据个体间的观点距离和信任关系,动态地调整社交网络的拓扑结构.上述演化步骤被重复执行直到群体的观点达到稳定状态.开展了大量的仿真实验,实验结果证明了DTAOE模型的有效性和合理性,并揭示了网络结构和信任关系对观点传播的影响机制.

基于隐式信任和群体共识的群体推荐方法

针对现有群体推荐方法较少考虑群体成员间社会化关系的隐式估计以及利用群体共识减少偏好冲突的问题,提出一种基于隐式信任和群体共识的群体推荐方法(GR-TC),所提方法分为推荐阶段和共识阶段。在推荐阶段根据成员间偏好信息和社交关系挖掘隐式信任值,估计成员的个人偏好、权重和初始群体偏好;在共识阶段通过共识测量和识别规则识别不一致成员,建立最大和谐度优化共识模型,调整更新群体偏好,传递群体推荐列表。实验结果表明,成员间社交关系影响群体推荐结果,合理选择隐式信任权值会提高不一致成员的和谐度;相较于传统共识反馈机制,隐式信任诱导的最大和谐共识反馈机制调整成本更小,对不一致成员的影响更小。

明清医病信任问题再思考

随着医疗社会史书写视角的转变,明清医病关系史渐成学界新的研究热点。现有研究根据史料中病家频繁换医现象,认为病家对医家缺少信任是中国古代医病关系的基本格局。在对史料“重新发现”的基础上,加入阶层等变量,拟对这一论断进行重新审视:这一论断并不具有代表性,中下阶层的病家对医家是颇为信任的,甚至到了唯唯听命的地步;医病关系更深层次的心理机制在于由于医学理论和疗效的不确定性,病家利用所能触及的一切机会寻找解决问题的办法。

期刊信赖传播:内涵、过程和策略

信赖传播是信任传播的进一步深化。现有研究从不同的视角进行了探讨,分析了期刊信任和信赖的表象、程度、个体感受等,不断丰富发展了对其规律性认识。为充分发挥信赖在期刊高质量发展中的强大效能,加强对期刊信赖传播的内涵、过程和策略的综合考察,以持续推进期刊信任和信赖的相关研究。期刊信赖传播主要是指传播期刊的信任态度和文化理念,实现好、维护好、发展好期刊信赖关系和信赖利益。期刊信赖传播的发展过程包括自我表露、信赖认知、信赖印象、信赖态度、信赖感五个发展阶段,其体现了由信任发展到信赖的递进深入过程。期刊信赖传播的策略包括倾听的策略、说的策略、视觉的策略、反馈的策略等。数字化、网络化、智能化的新时代,信任和信赖仍是稀缺性资源,信赖传播有助于期刊在现有资源条件不足或先天条件处于劣势情况下,充分发挥主观能动性,以信赖关系为纽带,采取更加简便易行、经济合理的办刊策略,促进期刊传播力、影响力和公信力的提升。

关系向度:一个农地流转合约选择的分析框架

合约作为农地流转的纽带,如果不适合流转双方会引起流转纠纷、增加无谓的社会交易成本,损害流转双方的合法权益。本文运用多学科交叉分析方法,将“关系向度”理论嵌入农地流转合约选择情境,构建涵盖转出方与四类交易主体及与之匹配的四种关系类型的理论分析框架,从时间与空间双重维度对农地流转合约选择的影响机理进行剖析,并结合多案例分析方法对四类交易主体选择不同关系类型合约的适配性加以验证。结果表明:因关系向度中时间维度的时效性长短及空间维度的选择性高低存在显著差异,不同关系类型的流转面临截然不同的交易费用,继而影响农地流转合约的选择;受关系向度影响,农地流转在固定关系、友谊关系、约定关系及松散关系情境下分别与关系合约、口头合约、书面合约与书面正式合约相匹配,能更好满足流转双方效用预期并带来合作剩余。本框架可为异质性情境下我国农地流转合约的匹配及优化选择提供参考,同时为学界探究农地流转合约问题提供新的视角。

社会资本视角下生态农业发展的困境与突破——以贵州省凤冈县为例

以贵州省凤冈县生态农业发展为例,研究发现,地区信任关系阻滞资金链和技术链的畅通、有机产品标识未建立起社会信任等因素阻滞了生态农业的发展,问题的实质在于能够助推生态农业发展的社会信任关系缺失。因此,破解生态农业发展困境,需要从三方面帮助生态农业经营主体积累产业社会资本:政府搭建公共服务平台;加强品牌建设;构建金融机构与经营主体之间的信任关系。