Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with ...Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.展开更多
When designing a solar power plant, it is much more important to avoid the shadow on the PV Panels. As the shadow falls on the PV Panels;it significantly reduces the generation of required power as planned and designe...When designing a solar power plant, it is much more important to avoid the shadow on the PV Panels. As the shadow falls on the PV Panels;it significantly reduces the generation of required power as planned and designed. This research paper and case study will help a lot to avoid shadow, especially when selecting inter-row spacing between the strings of solar power plants.展开更多
In monoculture, crop failure due to biotic or abiotic causes can result in partial or total output failure. The yield, socio-economic, and environmental effects of intercropping on the farmer and the environment as a ...In monoculture, crop failure due to biotic or abiotic causes can result in partial or total output failure. The yield, socio-economic, and environmental effects of intercropping on the farmer and the environment as a whole have not received much attention. There is a dearth of knowledge on the productivity of maize-groundnut intercrops in Ghana regarding the relative timing of planting and spatial arrangement of component crops. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of spatial row arrangement and the time of planting intercrops on the productivity of groundnut under maize-groundnut intercropping. The 5 × 3 factorial field experiment was undertaken at the Miminaso community in the Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana during the 2020 cropping seasons. Treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The levels of row arrangement of intercrops were: one row of maize and one row of groundnut (1M1G), one row of maize and two rows of groundnut (1M2G), two rows of maize and one row of groundnut (2M1G), two rows of maize and two rows of groundnut (2M2G), sole maize and sole groundnut (M/G). The levels of time of introducing groundnut included simultaneous planting of intercrops (0 WAP), planting groundnut one week after planting maize (1 WAP) and planting groundnut two weeks after planting maize (2 WAP). There were significant (P 0.05) treatment interactions for pod and seed yields of groundnut throughout the study. The highest groundnut pod yields of 1815.00 kg/ha and 2359.00 kg/ha were recorded by the 0WAP × 1M2G treatment in the major and minor seasons of 2020, respectively, while the highest groundnut seed yields of 741.00 kg/ha and 726.00 kg/ha were recorded in the major and minor rainy seasons of 2020 by 1WAP × G and 0WAP × G treatments, respectively. The highest seed yields of groundnut (404 kg/ha and 637 kg/ha for major and minor rainy seasons, respectively) were produced by 1WAP × 2M2G.展开更多
The ligand o-phenylenediamine (opda) and its oxidized form, o-benzoquinonediimine (bqdi), act as a fascinating candidate coordinating toward transition metal ions leading to the photochemical hydrogen production in ab...The ligand o-phenylenediamine (opda) and its oxidized form, o-benzoquinonediimine (bqdi), act as a fascinating candidate coordinating toward transition metal ions leading to the photochemical hydrogen production in absence of photosensitizers. Herein, we report the systematic study of the interaction between the oxidized form bqdi ligand, tris-(o-benzoquinonediimine) with divalent first-row transition metal series using DFT calculations. The lowest energy structures, bond length, binding energies, frontier molecular orbital analysis, natural bond orbitals, and global reactivity descriptor were calculated using B3LYP/6-311G(d,P) level of theory. The time dependent-DFT at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory was applied to determine the electronic structures and the optical spectra. The theoretical binding trend of the divalent first-row transition metal series is decreasing as follows: Cu >Ti > V > Co > Ni > Fe > Cr > Zn >Mn. Among them, the binding potency of iron (II) by the bqdi ligand was not predominantly sturdy as compared to other first-row divalent transition metal ions. The origin of strong coordination with Fe(II) is attributed to its extra capability to induce covalent coordination of bqdi ligands. The complex exhibited two strong peaks at 370 nm and 452 nm, due to the HOMO-3 to LUMO+1 and HOMO-1 to LUMO transitions, respectively. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that the major interaction happens between the N lone pair electrons of the ligand with an anti-bonding orbital of metal ions, in which Ti showed the highest interaction energy than other metal ions. The present systemic DFT study of bqdi ligands with the first-row transition metals strongly encourages the future establishment of photochemical hydrogen production in absence of photosensitizers.展开更多
目的探究关节镜下采用单排与双排缝合桥固定技术治疗肩胛下肌腱损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2018年1月至2020年6月沧州市中心医院采用全关节镜修复治疗的40例肩胛下肌腱损伤患者资料。其中,男23例,女17例;年龄39~70岁,平均(55.25±...目的探究关节镜下采用单排与双排缝合桥固定技术治疗肩胛下肌腱损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2018年1月至2020年6月沧州市中心医院采用全关节镜修复治疗的40例肩胛下肌腱损伤患者资料。其中,男23例,女17例;年龄39~70岁,平均(55.25±6.82)岁。依据术中肩胛下肌腱的固定方式分为双排缝合桥固定组(双排组,20例)和单排缝合固定组(单排组,20例)。记录缝合时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、美国肩与肘协会评分系统(American Shoulder and Elbow Scoring System,ASES)、洛杉矶加利福尼亚肩关节分级评分(University of California at Los Angeles,UCLA),评估患者术前及术后1年时肩关节功能情况,并应用改良Sugaya分级法评估术后1年肩胛下肌腱愈合和再撕裂情况。结果所有病例获得随访,随访时间12~53个月,平均19.80个月。双排组患者肩胛下肌腱缝合时间多于单排组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年双排缝合桥固定组的VAS评分[(1.30±0.57)分]、ASES评分[(70.92±5.65)分]、UCLA评分[(26.52±6.88)分]与术前相比明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年单排缝合固定组VAS评分[(1.55±0.69)分]、ASES评分[(70.14±5.46)分]、UCLA评分[(26.89±7.78)分]与术前相比有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但术后1年两组间在VAS评分、ASES评分、UCLA评分方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据改良Sugaya分级法,双排组术后1年核磁检查肌腱愈合良好,有1例再撕裂病例,单排组有2例再撕裂病例,两组术后1年肩胛下肌再撕裂情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论关节镜下采用单排和双排缝合桥技术修复肩胛下肌腱损伤均可获得满意的临床疗效和较低的再撕裂率。双排缝合固定肩胛下肌腱需要一定的手术技巧,缝合固定时间多于单排缝合方式。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772258)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000102-11)。
文摘Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.
文摘When designing a solar power plant, it is much more important to avoid the shadow on the PV Panels. As the shadow falls on the PV Panels;it significantly reduces the generation of required power as planned and designed. This research paper and case study will help a lot to avoid shadow, especially when selecting inter-row spacing between the strings of solar power plants.
文摘In monoculture, crop failure due to biotic or abiotic causes can result in partial or total output failure. The yield, socio-economic, and environmental effects of intercropping on the farmer and the environment as a whole have not received much attention. There is a dearth of knowledge on the productivity of maize-groundnut intercrops in Ghana regarding the relative timing of planting and spatial arrangement of component crops. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of spatial row arrangement and the time of planting intercrops on the productivity of groundnut under maize-groundnut intercropping. The 5 × 3 factorial field experiment was undertaken at the Miminaso community in the Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana during the 2020 cropping seasons. Treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The levels of row arrangement of intercrops were: one row of maize and one row of groundnut (1M1G), one row of maize and two rows of groundnut (1M2G), two rows of maize and one row of groundnut (2M1G), two rows of maize and two rows of groundnut (2M2G), sole maize and sole groundnut (M/G). The levels of time of introducing groundnut included simultaneous planting of intercrops (0 WAP), planting groundnut one week after planting maize (1 WAP) and planting groundnut two weeks after planting maize (2 WAP). There were significant (P 0.05) treatment interactions for pod and seed yields of groundnut throughout the study. The highest groundnut pod yields of 1815.00 kg/ha and 2359.00 kg/ha were recorded by the 0WAP × 1M2G treatment in the major and minor seasons of 2020, respectively, while the highest groundnut seed yields of 741.00 kg/ha and 726.00 kg/ha were recorded in the major and minor rainy seasons of 2020 by 1WAP × G and 0WAP × G treatments, respectively. The highest seed yields of groundnut (404 kg/ha and 637 kg/ha for major and minor rainy seasons, respectively) were produced by 1WAP × 2M2G.
文摘The ligand o-phenylenediamine (opda) and its oxidized form, o-benzoquinonediimine (bqdi), act as a fascinating candidate coordinating toward transition metal ions leading to the photochemical hydrogen production in absence of photosensitizers. Herein, we report the systematic study of the interaction between the oxidized form bqdi ligand, tris-(o-benzoquinonediimine) with divalent first-row transition metal series using DFT calculations. The lowest energy structures, bond length, binding energies, frontier molecular orbital analysis, natural bond orbitals, and global reactivity descriptor were calculated using B3LYP/6-311G(d,P) level of theory. The time dependent-DFT at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory was applied to determine the electronic structures and the optical spectra. The theoretical binding trend of the divalent first-row transition metal series is decreasing as follows: Cu >Ti > V > Co > Ni > Fe > Cr > Zn >Mn. Among them, the binding potency of iron (II) by the bqdi ligand was not predominantly sturdy as compared to other first-row divalent transition metal ions. The origin of strong coordination with Fe(II) is attributed to its extra capability to induce covalent coordination of bqdi ligands. The complex exhibited two strong peaks at 370 nm and 452 nm, due to the HOMO-3 to LUMO+1 and HOMO-1 to LUMO transitions, respectively. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that the major interaction happens between the N lone pair electrons of the ligand with an anti-bonding orbital of metal ions, in which Ti showed the highest interaction energy than other metal ions. The present systemic DFT study of bqdi ligands with the first-row transition metals strongly encourages the future establishment of photochemical hydrogen production in absence of photosensitizers.
文摘目的探究关节镜下采用单排与双排缝合桥固定技术治疗肩胛下肌腱损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2018年1月至2020年6月沧州市中心医院采用全关节镜修复治疗的40例肩胛下肌腱损伤患者资料。其中,男23例,女17例;年龄39~70岁,平均(55.25±6.82)岁。依据术中肩胛下肌腱的固定方式分为双排缝合桥固定组(双排组,20例)和单排缝合固定组(单排组,20例)。记录缝合时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、美国肩与肘协会评分系统(American Shoulder and Elbow Scoring System,ASES)、洛杉矶加利福尼亚肩关节分级评分(University of California at Los Angeles,UCLA),评估患者术前及术后1年时肩关节功能情况,并应用改良Sugaya分级法评估术后1年肩胛下肌腱愈合和再撕裂情况。结果所有病例获得随访,随访时间12~53个月,平均19.80个月。双排组患者肩胛下肌腱缝合时间多于单排组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年双排缝合桥固定组的VAS评分[(1.30±0.57)分]、ASES评分[(70.92±5.65)分]、UCLA评分[(26.52±6.88)分]与术前相比明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年单排缝合固定组VAS评分[(1.55±0.69)分]、ASES评分[(70.14±5.46)分]、UCLA评分[(26.89±7.78)分]与术前相比有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但术后1年两组间在VAS评分、ASES评分、UCLA评分方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据改良Sugaya分级法,双排组术后1年核磁检查肌腱愈合良好,有1例再撕裂病例,单排组有2例再撕裂病例,两组术后1年肩胛下肌再撕裂情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论关节镜下采用单排和双排缝合桥技术修复肩胛下肌腱损伤均可获得满意的临床疗效和较低的再撕裂率。双排缝合固定肩胛下肌腱需要一定的手术技巧,缝合固定时间多于单排缝合方式。
