Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn,against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases

Objective:To investigate antibacterial potential of Trifolium alexandrinum(T.alexandrinum) Linn,against seven gram positive and eleven gram negative hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains responsible for many tropical diseases.Methods:Non-polar and polar extracts of the leaves of T.alexandrinum i.e.,hexane,dichloromethane(DCM),ethyl acetate(EtOAc), methanol(MeOH) and aqueous(AQ) extracts at five different concentrations(1,2,5,10 and 15 mg/ mL) were prepared to evaluate their antibacterial value.NCCL standards were strictly followed to perform antimicrobial disc susceptibility test using disc diffusion method.Results:Polar extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens.EtOAc and MeOH extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity with higher inhibition zone and were found effective against seventeen of the tested pathogens.While AQ plant extract inhibited the growth of sixteen of the test strains.EtOAc and MeOH plant extracts inhibited the growth of all seven gram positive and ten of the gram negative bacterial strains.Conclusions:The present study strongly confirms the effectiveness of crude leaves extracts against tested human pathogenic bacterial strains causing several tropical diseases.Since Egyptian clover is used as a fodder plant,it could be helpful in controlling various infectious diseases associated with cattle as well.

Antibacterial activity of bioceramic coatings on Mg and its alloys created by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO): A review

Mg and its alloys are suitable choices for implant materials due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility features. However, the high electrochemical activity of this family of biomaterials results in their fast degradation and severe corrosion in the physiological environment,producing hydrogen(H;) gas, and therefore increasing the p H of the environment. To meet the clinical requirements, the degradation rate of Mg biomaterials needs to be reduced. Nevertheless, higher corrosion resistance of Mg results in a low alkaline p H, weakening the antibacterial activity. Therefore, while the rapid degradation problem of Mg-based biomaterials needs to be addressed, good antibacterial properties are also necessary. By using the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) surface modification technique, the antibacterial activity of Mg and its alloys can be enhanced while maintaining their corrosion protection properties at a high level. Throughout the PEO process, introducing antibacterial agents into solutions results in a major increase in antibacterial activity of the coatings. Moreover, post-or pre-processing on PEO coatings can provide better protection against bacteria. In this review, the antibacterial activity of PEO coatings applied on Mg and also its alloys will be discussed in more detail.

Bioassay Directed Identification of Royal Jelly’s Active Compounds against the Growth of Bacteria Capable of Infecting Cutaneous Wounds

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to be of major health concern world-wide. Thus, it is of great interest to study the biological properties and determine active compounds in natural products likely to be used as new health remedies. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to test the antibacterial activity of royal jelly samples, defatted royal jelly samples and their ethyl ether extracts against bacteria capable of infecting cutaneous wounds in humans and animals, and to recognize major bioactive compounds by using bioassay directed identification. The microorganisms used in the study were Staphylococcus aureus (including Methicillin-resistant and sensitive strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The activity of royal jelly samples to inhibit bacterial growth was assessed by using well-difussion tests. Direct bioautography was used to identify bioactivity, and uv-visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify bioactive compounds. Overall, royal jelly samples showed higher growth inhibition activity against Gram positive bacteria as compared to Gram negative bacteria. The growth of bacterial strains belonging to the Enterococcus and Streptococcus genders was less affected by the presence of royal jelly than bacterial strains of the Staphylococcus gender did. Compounds with antibacterial activity were found in the ethyl ether extract of royal jelly samples. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid was the major component identified in the purified fraction obtained by bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl ether extract. In conclusion, bioactivity of royal jelly samples is mainly due to their 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content.

Active ingredients fatty acids as antibacterial agent from the brown algae Padina pavonica and Hormophysa triquetra

Objective:To estimate the fatty acids content in the brown algae Padina pavonica(P.pavonica)and Hormophysa triquetra(H.triquetra)and evaluate their potential antimicrobial activity as bioactive compounds.Methods:The fatty acid compositions of the examined species were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The antimicrobial activity of crude and fatty acids was assessed using the agar plug technique.Results:The fatty acids profile ranged from C8:0 to C20:4.Concentration of saturated fatty acids in P.pavonica was in the order palmitic>myristic>stearic whereas concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids was oleic acid>palmitoleic>9-cis-hexadecenoic>linoleic acid>α-linolenic>arachidonic>elaidic acid.H.triquetra contained high concentration of saturated fatty acids than those of P.pavonica which was in the order as follows:palmitic>margaric>myristic>nonadecyclic>stearic>caprylic>tridecylic>pentadecylic>lauric while the unsaturated fatty acids consisted of oleic>nonadecenoic>non adecadienoate>margaroleic.The crude and fatty acid extracts of H.triquetra and P.pavonica were biologically active on the tested pathogens.H.triquetra exhibited a larger inhibitory zone than P.pavonica.Conclusions:The brown algae P.pavonica and H.triquetra have high efficient amount of fatty acids and showed strong antibacterial activity,especially H.triquetra.

蜂王浆中一种有抗菌活性的小肽

用分子筛柱层析的方法，从蜂王浆的水溶性物质中分离出一种新的活性肽，对革兰氏阳性菌有明显的抑制作用，其分子量约为２．３ｋＤ，含８种氨基酸，其中甘氨酸占３３％，表明它是一种富含甘氨酸的小肽。

蜂王浆对三种革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌特性

利用抑菌圈试验法研究蜂王浆对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌和沙门氏菌等3种革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌特性.实验结果表明:蜂王浆对3种供试菌株都具有抑制作用.其抑菌活性随蜂王浆浓度的增加而增加;蜂王浆对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用主要由其低pH值引起,而对假单胞菌的抑制作用除了低pH的原因外,还有其他的抑菌因素.蜂王浆的抑菌活性随贮存温度和贮存时间的变化而变化,贮存温度越高、时间越长,抑菌活性越弱;但在-20℃贮存15 d,蜂王浆对3种试验菌的抑制作用不会发生明显的改变;而在25℃贮藏5 d后其抑菌活性显著降低.另外,蜂王浆的抗菌成分主要是醚溶物和水溶物,而醚水不溶物不具有抑菌活性.

不同蜜粉源植物蜂王浆抗菌作用的初步研究

采用抑菌圈实验方法测定不同蜜粉源植物蜂王浆对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌作用。试验用蜂王浆分别是产浆型意蜂和产蜜型意蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆和荆条蜂王浆;受试菌株包括革兰氏阳性细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性细菌(沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌)。研究结果显示:油菜蜂王浆对革兰氏阳性菌有明显的抗菌作用,且产浆型意蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆对受试细菌的抑菌效果优于产蜜型意蜂品系所产油菜蜂王浆,两种意大利蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用优于枯草芽孢杆菌;油菜蜂王浆对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌作用也较强,两种蜂王浆对沙门氏菌的抑菌效果优于大肠杆菌;产浆型意蜂所产的荆条蜂王浆对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果均高于产蜜型意蜂所产的荆条蜂王浆,然而,二者的抑菌效果弱于油菜蜂王浆。研究表明,不同蜜粉源植物的蜂王浆抗菌效果不同,油菜蜂王浆对受试革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌效果均比荆条蜂王浆强,产浆型意蜂所产的蜂王浆对受试菌的抗菌效果优于产蜜型意蜂所产的蜂王浆。