Sealing properties and structure optimization of packer rubber under high pressure and high temperature

During hydraulic fracturing operations of low-permeability reservoirs,packers are the key component to ensure the success of multistage fracturing.Packers enable sections of the wellbore to be sealed off and separately fractured by hydraulic pressure,one at a time,while the remainder of the wellbore is not affected.However,reliable sealing properties of the packer rubber are required to meet the high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions of reservoirs(such as 70 MPa and 170 ℃).In this study,the structures of the packer rubber with two different materials are optimized numerically by ABAQUS and validated by experiments.The optimization process starts from the packer rubber with a conventional structure,and then,the weakest spots are identified by ABAQUS and improved by slightly varying its structure.This process is iterative,and the final optimized structure of a single rubber barrel with expanding back-up rings is achieved.For the structure of three rubber barrels with metallic protective covers,both HNBR and AFLAS fail under HPHT conditions.For the final optimized structure,the packer rubber made of AFLAS can work better under HPHT than that made of HNBR which ruptures after setting.The results show that the optimized structure of a single rubber barrel with expanding back-up rings and the material AFLAS are a good combination for the packer rubber playing an excellent sealing performance in multistage fracturing in horizontal wells.

Synergistic Antiflaming of Expandable Graphite on the Sealing Silicone Rubber

To study the effects of different proportions of aluminum hydroxide and expandable graphite （EG） composites on flame retardation, sealing, mechanical, electrical and other properties of RTV- 1, aluminum hydroxide/expandable graphite （ATH/EG） and silicone rubber composites were prepared by the compression molding method. The experimental results show that heat resistance improves with the increase of proportion of EG. Although the resistance coefficient changes, the composite materials still keep good electrical insulating property. Moreover, oxygen index and expansion index rise first then fall. When ATH/EG is 1：1, the oxygen index reaches the highest; the mechanical property of the silicone rubber is not affected under various environments such as acid, alkali, oily, artificial sea water environments, etc.

Analysis and optimization of nitrile butadiene rubber sealing mechanism of ball valve

An approach for analyzing and optimizing sealing mechanism of ball valve made of nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) with finite element method was presented. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model was chosen to characterize NBR sealing, as it has been recommended in the similar applications. That is, NBR sealing was modeled as incompressible hyperelasticity, as well as the assumption of isotropic flow. The results illustrate the structural pressure and contact pressure on the contact surface, which shows that the NBR sealing mechanism is very suitable for sealing after dimension optimization.

Study on Production of Rubber Sealing Strips with Steel Bones

Rubber sealing strips with steel bones are used in car manufacturing that produced in large quantities. Cutting processes, such as milling and punching, are needed when the strips are produced. Accuracy, smoothness and flatness of the machined surface have to be guaranteed in the cutting process; moreover, deformation of the steel bone and peeling-off of the rubber must be avoided. Therefore cutting action of rubber/steel strips differs from that of rubber or metal workpiece separately. In this paper, milling and punching of rubber/steel strips were studied with the aim to increase the part quality of a production line for sealing strips of cars. Suitable cutting tools and fixtures are both necessary for cutting of the strips. The teeth of the milling saw should be made knife-edged and the cutting edge of the punching tool be inclined. Fixtures should be used to sustain the workpiece and resist deformation. By using of suitable tools and fixtures, high quality of rubber/steel sealing strips is achieved in the production line.

Effect of nitrile butadiene rubber hardness on the sealing characteristics of hydraulic O-ring rod seals

The nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR)hardness effect on the sealing characteristics of hydraulic O-ring rod seals is analyzed based on a mixed lubrication elastohydrodynamic model.Parameterized studies are conducted to reveal the mechanism of the influence of rubber hardness on the static and dynamic behavior of seals.The optimized selections of rubber hardness are then investigated under different conditions.Results show that the low hardness seal is prone to stress concentration due to the extrusion effect under high pressure conditions;it is also more prone to leaking.A high hardness seal can better prevent leakage by reducing film thickness but it will cause large frictional power loss and increase the probability of wear failure.The choice of low hardness is recommended to reduce friction with the premise that leakage requirements are met.

Characteristics of seal shell body's rubber ring with bionic dimpled surfaces of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon

To solve the problem of sealing between the barrel and the rubber ring of shell body during an launching process of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon, a rubber sealing model with bionic dimpled characteristics was established based on the theory of bionic dimpled drag reduction and the principle of rubber sealing. In condition that the bionic dimpled characteristic diameters were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm, respectively, by numerical simulation, the influence of the installing compression of the rubber sealing ring on its surface stress and deformation was analyzed, and sealing performance of the rubber ring with different diameters of bionic dimpled was studied. The results show that the deformation of rubber ring appears prominent nonlinear characteristics when compression is increased from 1.5 mm to 2.5 ram. When the compression is 2.5 mm, the equivalent compression stress on the sealing areas of both sides of the rubber seal is greater than the working pressure of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon, which could meet the sealing requirement and would not cause leakage. So the rubber sealing ring with bionic dimpled surface possesses a good sealing characteristic and has no negative effect on the sealing of shell body; When the compression is 2.5 mm, the larger equivalent stress on the edge of sealing ring and the more even stress distribution in the high pressure area are generated due to the smaller compressive stress on the bionic dimple areas, which lays a foundation for the drag reduction characteristics of the shell body＇s rubber ring with bionic dimpled surface.

小行星样品密封设计及验证

中国计划开展探测编号为2016H03的近地小行星并采集样品返回地面,测定小行星样品的物理性质、化学成分与矿物成分,为小行星起源与演化、太阳系的形成与演化过程提供科学依据。针对中国首次近地小行星采样封装任务,设计多种样密封方案,综合考虑密封力、密封面样品颗粒污染物防护等因素,采用双弹性体径向密封方案,并开展密封方案验证工作,通过高温、低温及模拟尘埃污染漏率试验,密封漏率优于5×10^(-6)Pa·m^(3)·s^(-1),满足小行星样品密封要求。

考虑蠕变特性的橡胶微凸体与金属表面接触特性分析

金属-橡胶接触广泛存在于密封结构中,密封接触表面上微凸体间的相互作用会直接影响整个密封界面的接触特性,进而影响其密封性能。基于粗糙密封界面的单个微凸体,考虑橡胶的蠕变特性,采用理论分析和仿真研究相结合的方式研究橡胶微凸体与金属表面的接触特性。通过橡胶蠕变特性的实验结果,构建橡胶蠕变计算模型;构建半球微凸体与金属平板间的有限元模型,进行考虑蠕变特性的仿真,分析其接触特性,并与Hertz接触理论的计算值进行对比。结果表明:在蠕变阶段,接触半径、法向变形量和最大等效蠕变应变均随蠕变时间的增加而增大,最大接触压力随蠕变时间增大而减小,这均可能导致密封性能的下降;随压力载荷的增大,接触半径、法向变形量、最大接触压力和最大等效蠕变应变均增大,但增大的趋势逐渐减小;橡胶微凸体与金属表面间的等效模量随蠕变时间的增加而减小,随压力载荷增大而增大。

油罐车自主加注臂密封圈响应面优化及分析

为了提高油罐车自主加注臂前端快接装置的密封性能,设计了一种内胀式橡胶密封圈,并结合响应面法和有限元法对密封圈进行了优化和分析。首先,基于有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对密封圈进行建模和仿真,研究了密封圈的倒圆半径、厚度和压缩量对密封圈性能的影响;然后,将密封圈与管壁的接触面积、接触压力和所受等效应力作为优化目标,利用Design⁃Expert软件建立了密封结构的优化模型,并通过多目标优化获得最优设计方案;最后,进行了密封圈优化前后的性能对比和分析。数值测试表明,在最大3 MPa介质压力下,优化后密封圈的接触压力提升了1.3 MPa,有效接触面积更大,且接触带更加集中,有利于实现快接装置和油罐车加注口的有效密封,同时等效应力降低了4.3%,有助于延长密封圈的使用寿命。

Y形组合密封的密封性能研究

应用ABAQUS软件建立YO组合密封的有限元模型,分别比较Y形组合密封与Y形密封、聚氨酯和丁腈橡胶2种材料的Y形组合密封,在密封区域的静态接触压力和Mises应力分布,分析O形圈截面直径对2种材料Y形组合密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:Y形组合密封在密封区域的接触压力和Mises应力均大于相同规格、材料的Y形圈,且外行程时Y形组合密封接触压力增大更明显,应力分布更均匀,验证了Y形组合密封的双重密封和改善根部抗撕裂的特性;在O形圈截面直径相同的情况下,聚氨酯组合密封外行程与内行程的最大接触压力差值远远高于丁腈橡胶组合密封,而丁腈橡胶组合密封Mises应力分布更均匀;随着O形圈截面直径的增大,聚氨酯组合密封的最大接触压力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,丁腈橡胶组合密封呈现逐渐减小的趋势,但两者的Mises应力均呈现逐渐增大的趋势,且丁腈橡胶组合密封增大更显著。研究结果为不同工作条件下密封件的选择提供了参考依据。

油田在用封隔器胶筒密封材料的老化行为

选择在用的丁腈橡胶(NBR)、氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)以及HNBR/氟橡胶(FKM)5种封隔器胶筒的橡胶材料作为研究对象,分别研究了其热稳定性、玻璃化转变温度以及在热空气介质和矿化水介质中的耐老化行为。结果表明,受FKM的作用,HNBR/FKM共混胶试样D表现出最好的热稳定性,同时差示扫描量热分析表明HNBR和FKM具有较好的相容性;在热空气介质中,试样D具有最高的拉伸强度保持率以及扯断伸长率保持率,表现出最好的耐老化性能,在矿化水介质中,水介质明显抑制了热氧老化反应,在100~120℃的矿化水中5种橡胶材料的扯断伸长率随老化时间延长变化率均较小,表现出较好的抗老化能力。然而在150℃的矿化水中,NBR试样E的扯断伸长率衰减较快,试样D的扯断伸长率保持率最佳,可作为油田分层注采井高温长效密封材料使用。

端部弹簧式封隔器胶筒的密封性能仿真分析

端部弹簧式封隔器胶筒作为一种新型设计的井下密封工具,为验证该工具能否达到40 MPa的密封设计要求,得到该工具在不同环境围压和坐封载荷下对胶筒密封性能的影响规律进行了仿真分析。仿真分析采用有限元分析的理论,借助物理实验确定弹簧和橡胶的仿真参数,采用轴对称的分析方法对建立的简化等效有限元模型进行分析计算。分析结果表明,在10~50 MPa环境围压载荷下,中胶筒的密封压力变化量只有0.27 MPa,环境围压载荷对胶筒密封性能影响很小。通过分析计算4个不同的坐封载荷得到坐封载荷和胶筒密封压力的关系曲线,并得到坐封载荷在大于8 t的情况下能够达到密封40 MPa设计要求的结论,为后续的现场试验施工和结构优化提供了理论支撑依据。

3种汽车密封条用TPV的性能研究

研究了3种国产汽车密封条用热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)产品(TPV-1,TPV-2,TPV-3)的力学性能、耐热性能、微观形貌和热氧老化性能。结果表明:3个产品的树脂相可能均为嵌段共聚聚丙烯(PP)。3个产品中,TPV-3的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度均最大,TPV-1的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均最小,TPV-1和TPV-2的撕裂强度相当,TPV-1的耐热性能和热氧老化性能均最好,TPV-3的耐热性能最差,TPV-2和TPV-3的热氧老化性能相当,在温度70℃、时间22 h、压缩率25%下,TPV-1的压缩永久变形最大,TPV-3最小,在温度23℃、时间72 h、压缩率25%下,TPV-1和TPV-3的压缩永久变形相当,TPV-2的压缩永久变形最小。

温度及其波动对橡胶密封硫化过程影响的仿真分析

硫化是橡胶密封成型过程的关键工艺,对橡胶密封产品性能有决定性影响。目前橡胶行业多采用经验式硫化成型方法,对橡胶密封硫化演变过程缺乏理解,难以理论指导橡胶密封实际生产过程。针对这一制约橡胶密封质量提升的薄弱环节,开展了橡胶密封硫化成型过程数值仿真研究。基于胶料的积分型反应动力学模型与变物性参数传热控制方程,建立了橡胶制品热-化学耦合的瞬态仿真模型,实现了橡胶制品成型过程时变温度场及硫化程度场的实时预测,并通过试验验证了模型及求解方法的正确性。进而,仿真分析了典型结构密封件的硫化过程,探讨了模具温度、胶料预热温度和温度波动行为对橡胶密封硫化成型过程的影响规律,最后为橡胶密封实际硫化生产提供了参考。

盾构机主驱动单唇形密封圈密封性能研究

以典型工况下盾构机主驱动单唇形密封圈为研究对象,利用单轴拉伸试验得到密封圈丁腈橡胶材料的应力-应变曲线,确定Yeoh三阶模型的材料参数;建立单唇形密封圈的二维轴对称有限元模型,研究介质压力、压差、摩擦因数和温度对其密封性能的影响规律。研究表明:介质压力主要影响最大接触应力,随着介质压力的增加,最大接触应力呈线性增加;介质压差主要影响最大接触应力和接触长度,随着介质压差的增加,最大接触应力先线性增加然后基本保持不变,而接触长度呈非线性增加;温度变化对密封性能的影响可以忽略;在考虑的工况条件下,单唇形密封圈唇口与旋转轴接触处产生的最大接触应力始终大于介质压力,密封性能良好。

轴用VL形组合密封件装配工艺仿真研究及验证

橡塑组合密封是由橡胶圈和塑料密封环组成,安装过程中塑料环的变形对密封性能有重要影响。以轴用VL形组合密封为例,基于三维有限元仿真模型和可视化密封装配台架针对不同流程的装配工艺开展研究。利用有限元仿真还原密封圈装配过程,搭建可视化密封件装配台架,开展密封件装配试验,验证有限元仿真装配过程的准确性;提取密封界面接触压力、接触宽度等关键参数,评判密封性能;建立密封性能与装配工艺之间的关系,优化密封件安装、矫正工艺流程,解决装配过程随机化、经验化问题。试验结果表明:常温安装时密封面接触宽度要小于加温安装;对于轴用VL形组合密封,在相同介质压力条件下接触宽度越小则密封面接触压力越大,从而密封性能越好。因此可以得出常温装配时密封性能更优。

大流量、高扬程、超大轴径泥泵机械密封的研制及优化

“天鲲号”的投产使用,极大地提高了疏浚工程的施工效率,但目前“天鲲号”泥泵采用的L型橡胶密封在高排压下很快磨损失效引起泄漏停机,严重影响施工进度。针对这一问题,提出采用机械密封代替L型橡胶密封的方法。通过技术参数计算,对密封部位进行仿真,对机械密封进行设计、制造,并通过2次实船测试对机械密封的性能开展验证。研究结果为解决疏浚装备泥泵密封在大流量、高扬程、超大轴径及高压下寿命短的问题提供了一种新的方案。

基于材料与几何结构的滚动轴承密封性能分析

利用有限元法模拟分析深沟球轴承橡胶防尘盖的密封性能,通过模拟分析得到橡胶材料与密封唇过盈量对防尘盖密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:接触压力充足、摩擦力矩小的氢化丁腈橡胶材料更符合密封要求;过盈量在0.05 mm~0.07 mm之间接触压力分布合理,产生的摩擦力矩较小,密封性能最佳,而密封唇的过盈量大于0.07 mm时接触压力开始偏移。

电气设备橡胶密封圈失效分析

对变压器和电气绝缘开关设备(GIS)橡胶密封圈失效进行分析。结果表明:故障变压器故障相橡胶密封圈侧面存在长度为1 mm的2条裂纹,且橡胶密封圈的邵尔A型硬度提高和回弹值减小,橡胶密封圈出现老化失效现象;故障GIS开裂橡胶密封圈的裂纹起始处的Zn元素质量分数高于断面台阶处,即橡胶密封材料的填料分散不均匀,导致橡胶密封圈的物理性能降低,橡胶密封圈出现开裂失效现象。

热氧老化效应对橡胶密封接触性能的影响

橡胶密封结构的寿命对空间站在轨长期运行至关重要。本文以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)密封为研究对象,首先测试热氧老化试验后橡胶应力-应变本构关系及橡胶的压缩永久变形,然后基于时温等效理论建立热氧老化影响下的密封性能理论模型,实现长服役期内橡胶密封性能的分析。运用此模型研究了老化性能变化指标对EPDM与钛合金(TC4)、EPDM与聚酰亚胺(PI)两种接触副间宏观接触性能的影响规律。结果表明:热氧老化性能变化指标减小时,两种橡胶密封宏观接触压力和接触宽度均随之减小;相同老化性能指标下,橡胶密封EPDM与PI接触副间的接触宽度以及接触压力均大于EPDM和TC4接触副间的接触压力和接触宽度。