Effects of Polygala fallax Hemsl Water Extract on a Mouse Model of Gastric Motility Disorders

[Objectives]To explore the effects of Polygona fallax Hemsl water extract on gastrointestinal motility in normal mice and gastric motility disorder model mice and approximate mechanism.[Methods]Using normal mice and mice with gastric motility disorders(modeled with atropine),the effects of different mass concentration groups of P.fallax Hemsl water extract(0.125,0.250,0.500 g/mL)and domperidone groups on gastric residual rate,small intestine propulsion rate,serum motilin(MLT),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),and tissue morphology were studied.[Results]There was a highly significant difference(P<0.01)in the small intestine propulsion rate of liquid in normal mice among the different concentration groups of P.fallax Hemsl water extract compared to the blank group.The small intestine propulsion rate and gastric residue rate of semi-solid paste were statistically significant compared to the blank group(P<0.05).Among them,there was a highly significant difference between the high concentration group(67.75%±7.65%,46.5%±10.62%)and the medium concentration group(60.90%±5.87%,59.27%±7.82%)(P<0.01).There was statistical significance in normal mouse serum MLT content in the high concentration group(P<0.05).There was no effect on serum VIP levels in normal mice;no effect on the morphology of stomach and intestinal tissues of normal mice.The small intestine propulsion rate and gastric residue rate of liquid and semi-solid paste in mice with gastric motility disorders were statistically significant compared to the atropine group,with extremely significant differences(P<0.01).[Conclusions]P.fallax Hemsl water extract has a promoting effect on gastrointestinal motility.One of the specific mechanisms by which P.fallax Hemsl promotes gastrointestinal motility in normal mice may be related to the content of MLT in mouse serum.The mechanism of action in atropine induced gastric paresis mice may be related to the reactivation of M receptors,and the action mechanism of P.fallax Hemsl does not change the original histological basis.It can be inferred that P.fallax Hemsl water extract has a synergistic effect on promoting gastrointestinal motility through other mechanisms,but it is not fully understood and further in-depth research is needed.

闽楠〔Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang〕种群的天然更新

调查了福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠〔Ｐｈｏｅｂｅｂｏｕｒｎｅｉ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｙａｎｇ〕种群天然更新情况，结果表明：闽楠种群天然更新良好，种子繁殖更新是其天然更新的主要方式，种群年龄结构呈“金字塔”型，它能使闽楠种群稳定增长；也可通过萌蘖繁殖进行天然更新，但更新能力较弱，种群净生殖率Ｒｏ＜１．０，内禀增长能力ｒｍ＜０，种群数量将递减。林冠下和林窗中更新均能使闽楠种群稳定增长，由于闽楠种子以重力传播为主，集中于母树周围，且幼苗与幼树能耐一定荫蔽，故在现存亚热带闽楠群落中，林冠下是闽楠种群更新的主要场所。

毛叶海棠(Begonia cathayana Hemsl)的组织培养和体细胞胚的发生

取毛叶海棠的叶片作外植体 ,接种于 8种 IAA、2 ,4- D、6 - BA浓度配比不同的 MS培养基上 ,45 d后 ,含有 IAA10 mg/ L 和 6 - BA1ml/ L 的培养基上获得了胚状体。此培养基即为毛叶海棠胚状体诱导的最佳培养基。解剖观察表明胚状体源于叶表皮单细胞的垂周分裂。毛叶海棠胚状体的诱导需要适当浓度的 IAA和 6 - BA相互配合。相同的外植体在相同诱导条件下既可发生愈伤组织又可发生胚状体 。

Chemical constituents of Salvia cavaleriei Levl.var.erythrophylla (Hemsl.) Stib

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Salvia cavaleriei Levi. var. erythrophylla （Hemsl.） Stib. Methods Compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and the structures were identified by spectral analysis. Result Five compounds were identified as 3β, 6β, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid （1）, ursolic acid （2）, n-heptadecanoic acid （3）, n-octadecanoic acid （4）, and β-sitosterol （5）. Conclusion Five compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

黄花倒水莲(Polygala fallax Hemsl)组培快繁技术研究

以当年生黄花倒水莲幼嫩带腋芽茎段作为外植体,开展组织培养试验研究。结果表明:最佳外植体诱导培养基为1/2 MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,诱导率可达95.1%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,增殖系数为6.12,周期为25 d,不定芽生长状况好;最佳生根培养基为1/2 WPM+IBA0.1 mg/L+ABT0.4 mg/L,生根率为95.67%;以泥炭土∶黄泥土∶珍珠岩(2∶1∶1)为移栽基质,移栽成活率可达92.6%,苗木长势好,叶色绿。

Efficacy of Rabdosia Rubescens in the Treatment of Gingivitis

This study evaluated the efficacy ofrabdosia rubescens against gingivitis and compared the therapeutic efficacy of different dosage forms of rabdosia rubescens. A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-simulation, positive-controlled and parallel trial was conducted. A total of 136 patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of gingivitis were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups： test group （n=67）, in which rabdosia rubescens drop pill （960 mg） and 4 tablets of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescen were orally given to the subjects three times a day for 5 days; and control group （n=69）, in which the subjects were administered the tablets of rabdosia rubescens （1000 mg） and 24 drop pills of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescens thrice daily for 5 days. The experimental protocols and diagnostic criteria were established by expert panel prior to the experiment. The clinical symptoms were graded according to the severity of the disease and quantified. The total scores and scores for each clinical symptom of gingivitis were assessed at baseline and on the 6th day post-treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups and in each group itself before and after the treatment. The results showed that in the two groups, the subjects who were given rabdosia rubescens, drop pill or tablet, had a decrease in total scores and scores for each clinical symptom when compared with those before treatment （P〈0.01）. There was significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy between the test group and the control group with the efficacy rate being 92.54% and 79.71% respectively （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that rabdosia rubescens showed great promise in treating gingivitis. And rabdosia rubescens drop pill was more efficacious than rabdosia rubescens tablet.

Static and dynamic studies of adsorption by four macroporous resins to enrich oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens

Oridonin,one of the active ingredients in Rabdosia rubescens(R.rubescens),has been reported to induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in many cancers.Conventional extraction methods tend to result in unsatisfied enrichment and poor quality of oridonin present in a given biomass.This paper aims to evaluate the performance and separation characteristics of four different macroporous resins to arrive at the most suitable methodology for the isolation and purification of highquality oridonin.Static absorption kinetics,thermodynamic and dynamic adsorption were evaluated.HP20 was selected for further study due to its high adsorption capacity of 32 mgg 1 and desorption ratio with 98.5%.The pseudosecondorder model was considered to be the most suitable for kinetic results,and Langmuir model was chosen to better describe the absorption thermodynamics.Under optimum conditions(flow rate of 4 ml min 1,bed depth with 6 cm and initial concentration of 2.15 mg·ml^1),the effective content of oridonin increased from 33.9%to 79.1%in the dry extract with a recovery of 81%and the purity of oridonin improved from 76%to 93%.The results confirm that HP20 provides an efficient method to purify most oridonin from R.rubescens.

Two New Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens

Two new diterpenoids taibairubescensin A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from Isodon rubescens. The structures of compound 1 and 2 were elucidated as 2 beta,3 beta-diacetoxy-11 beta,13 alpha-dihydroxy-ent-kaur- 16-en-15-one (1) and 3 beta,11 beta-diacetoxy-2 beta,6 alpha-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one (2) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

A new monosaccharide from Swertia punicea Hemsl

A new compound named 1-hydrate, 3-deoxy-α-D-tagatofuranose was isolated from Swertia punicea Hemsl. The structure of compound was determined by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS techniques.

Two Eremophilane-type Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Ligularia veitchiana(Hemsl.) Greenm

Two eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Ligularia veitchiana（Hemsl.） Greenm were isolated and determined as 10α,11-endoperoxide-1（2）-en-7α-hydroeremophilane（1） and 1（10）-en-2-oxo-7α-isopropanol-eremophilane（2）.Compound 1 was a new compound and compound 2 was a new natural product.The structures of the two compounds were established by means of spectral methods including 1^H NMR,13^C NMR,2D NMR and MS.

Research on the Effects of the Extract of Polygala fallax Hemsl on Sex Hormones andβ-EP in Perimenopausal Rat Models

Objective:To study the effects of the ethnic medicine Polygala fallax Hemsl with Guangxi characteristics on the sex hormones andβ-EP in research objective perimenopausal rat models.Methods:40 female SPF rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,including the normal,model,high-dose and lowdose groups.Rats of three groups except for the normal one were treated with perimenopausal modelling through the method of subcutaneous injection of compound 4-VCD for 15 consecutive days.Rats of the normal and model group were normally fed without any treatment.Rats of the high-dose and low-dose groups were administered by high-and low-dose intragastric administration of the extract of Polygala fallax Hemsl.According to the menstrual cycle of the vaginal smear of the rat,each menstrual cycle is a course of treatment and 6 consecutive courses of treatment would be given.The indexes of serum sex hormones(E2,FSH,LH)andβ-EP of rats in each group were observed after treatment.Results:After the treatment of 6 cycles,for the levels ofβ-EP and E2,the model group was lowest(P<0.05),the normal group was highest(P<0.05);and the high-dose group was higher than the low-dose group;For the levels of FSH and LH,the normal group was lowest(P<0.05),the model group was highest(P<0.05),and the high-dose group was lower than the low-dose group.Conclusion:Guangxi characteristic national medicine Polygala fallax Hemsl can effectively improve the levels of serum sex hormones andβ-EP in perimenopausal rat models and relieve the related symptoms with a certain dose-effect relationship.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsl)A.Gray dry flowers

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried flowers of Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsl) A.Gray(T.diversifolia) dry flower-a slirubby plant belonging to the Asteraceac family and very common in Brazil,providing data to help prevent premature aging skin.Methods:The tests of phytochemical screening included total phenols,tannins,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins.The active antioxidant was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Results:The phytoehemical screening of T.diversifolia dry flowers revealed the presence of phenolic compounds(tannins,flavonoids and total phenolsi,while alkaloids and saponins were not detected.The IC_(50) values showed a strong antioxidant activity of the plant extracts.Conclusions:Therefore,this study suggests the possibility of using dry flowers extracts of T.diversifolia for the prevention of cell aging,as was shown to have significant antioxidant activity.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Stevia rebaudiana(Bertoni) Hemsl. in Gannan Area of Jiangxi Province

In order to expand the production of Stevia rebaudiana( Bertoni) Hemsl.,the main points of high-yield cultivation techniques of a two-year-old stevia cultivar Shoutian No. 3 in Gannan area of Jiangxi Province were summarized: cutting and transplanting in early spring; fine management,applying more basic and additional fertilizers and retaining stubbles two times in summer,retaining roots for seeding in late autumn,and mulching membrane for safe overwintering in winter. This study will provide practical guidance for the planting of S. rebaudiana in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province.

Exploring the anti-hepatoma effect and potential targets of the active components from Gentiana rhodantha Franch ex Hemsl

The screening of lead compounds in plants is an important way to develop new drugs.Gentiana rhodantha Franch ex Hemsl,belonging to genus Gentiana of Gentianaceae family,has the functions of clearing heat and drying dampness,detoxifying and purging fire,relieving cough and so on.Previous studies have shown that many compounds in G.rhodantha have antitumor activities,but the mechanism is still unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-hepatoma activity of the compounds in G.rhodantha by using the knowledge of network pharmacology.A compound-cancer target network with 57 candidate molecules and 38 potential targets was constructed.Analysis of the models showed that the most effective compound in this plant might be compound 47(rhyncoside D)ether,and the most potential target might be GMP synthase(2vxo).We believe that the present study can provide important clues for the study of anti-hepatoma activity.

A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology perspectives of Gentiana rhodantha Franch.ex Hemsl.

Gentiana rhodantha Franch.ex Hemsl.(G.rhodantha)is a perennial herb distributed in southwest China,belonging to the Gentiana genus of Gentianaceae family.Previous research indicated that G.rhodantha contains flavonoids,anthraquinones,terpenes and other compounds,which possess the effects of antioxidant,antibacterial,and antitumor.Besides,its dry herb is used as antiphlogistic and antitussive remedy for the treatment of lung,liver,and gallbladder diseases.This review outlines the chemical constituents and biological activities of G.rhodantha,which will be useful for the further research on this plant.

Quality Standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of O.sinensis.The qualitative identification of medicinal materials was carried out by microscopic identification method and thin layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The total amount of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract,hyperoside and isoquercitrin of 12 batches of medicinal materials were 8.56%-11.53%,11.26%-15.48%,1.62%-2.56%,17.75%-26.09%,and 0.036%-0.42%,respectively.The microscopic features were obvious,and pores,fibers,calcium oxalate clusters,calcium oxalate square crystals,cork cells could be observed.Fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the positions corresponding to the hyperoside reference substance.[Conclusions]Establishing relatively complete quality standards for O.sinensis medicinal materials can provide a reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.

Effect of rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapy on serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer

Objective:To study the effects of Rabdosia rubescens combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer.Methods: A total of 70 patients with breast cancer in our hospital were enrolled as the subjects of this study. The subjects were divided into control group (n=35) and treatment group (n=35) randomly. Patients in the control group were treated with new assistant chemotherapy, while those who were in the treatment group were treated with rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapy. The two groups of patients were treated for 3 periods. The serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences among the serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the two groups before treatment. The serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, besides, the serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the control group after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and the peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the treatment group after treatment were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion:Rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapycan can significantly reduce the serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels, and improve peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients with breast cancer. It is worthy of clinical application.

细梗香草及近缘种内生真菌的多样性

研究细梗香草(Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl.)及近缘种内生真菌多样性,为开发新微生物药物资源奠定基础。采用4种不同培养基分离不同地点样品内生真菌菌种,提取菌丝DNA,扩增ITS序列,测序后GenBank中Blast对比得到同源相似度较高的菌种。获得分离内生真菌共258株;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)和改良马丁氏培养基(改良MRS)分离内生真菌数量较多,分别占总数的32.56%和28.68%,菌种生长速率较快,而水琼脂(WA)培养基分离菌种数最少,占总数的17.05%,菌落生长速率较慢。相似度较高的菌种有27种,占总菌种数的10.47%。PDA和改良MRS是分离培养细梗香草内生菌较好的培养基,分离得到的菌种重复性较高,4种培养基分离的菌种差异较小。

苗药花蝴蝶回调CIA模型鼠血细胞变化的初步研究

目的 观察苗药花蝴蝶回调胶原诱导关节炎(CIA)模型鼠外周血细胞变化的初步作用机制。方法 40只大鼠随机分为花蝴蝶低剂量治疗组(花蝴蝶低组)、花蝴蝶高剂量治疗组(花蝴蝶高组)、甲氨蝶呤治疗组(甲氨蝶呤组)、CIA模型组(模型组)和正常组,分别按相关文献资料并结合民间用药经验灌胃给药。观察大鼠足关节肿胀度,检测大鼠外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、淋巴细胞/单核细胞、红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血小板计数和平均血小板体积等指标,研究大鼠足关节病理切片等。结果 模型组大鼠足关节肿胀指数评分明显高于花蝴蝶低组、花蝴蝶高组、甲氨蝶呤组和正常组(P<0.01);正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组足关节肿胀指数评分各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与其他各组比较,模型组大鼠外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血小板计数均明显升高,而模型组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞、平均血小板体积均降低(P<0.01)。正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组外周血相关检测指标各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与其他各组比较,模型组大鼠膝关节骨髓腔淋巴细胞、单核细胞评分升高,而脂肪细胞评分降低(P<0.01)。正常组、甲氨蝶呤组、花蝴蝶高组、花蝴蝶低组大鼠膝关节骨髓腔淋巴细胞、单核细胞和脂肪细胞评分各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 苗药花蝴蝶可能通过回调骨髓淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、血细胞比容、血小板等指标升高和平均血小板体积、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值降低,回转CIA模型鼠外周血相应血细胞变化,最终缓解CIA模型鼠症状,这可能是苗药花蝴蝶治疗类风湿关节炎的初步作用机制之一。

苗药腹水草对大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用及其分子机制

目的探讨苗药腹水草(VLY)水提物调控转化生长因子-β/Smad蛋白(TGF-β/Smad)信号通路对大鼠肝纤维化的影响。方法取干燥VLY全植株加热回流提取物配置成100 g/L溶液,40只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、模型组、秋水仙碱(阳性药)组(0.2 mg/kg)及VLY水提物低(400 mg/kg)、高(800 mg/kg)剂量组,后4组大鼠皮下注射CCl 4诱导肝纤维化模型;造模第7周开始,对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃生理盐水,其余各组大鼠灌胃相应药物,1次/d、连续4周,同期观察各组大鼠一般情况并测量体质量;各组大鼠末次给药1周后称体质量,取眼内眦血,检测血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)等肝功能指标及血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)等肝纤维化指标;取血后处死各组大鼠,取肝脏称质量并计算脏器指数;取部分肝左叶组织、采用苏木精-伊红(HE)及苦味酸-酸性品红(VG)染色观察肝脏的组织学特征,采用免疫组织化学染色观察肝组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和TGF-β蛋白的表达,并进行灰度值分析。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量增长缓慢,肝脏质量及肝指数升高(P<0.01),血清AST、ALT、ALP、TBIL水平增高(P<0.01),TP、ALB水平降低(P<0.05),HA、LN、PCⅢ及ColⅣ水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,秋水仙碱组及VLY低、高剂量组大鼠肝脏质量及肝指数降低(P<0.01),血清AST、ALT、TBIL、ALP水平降低(P<0.01),TP、ALB水平升高(P<0.05),HA、LN、PCⅢ及ColⅣ水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);HE染色显示,模型组大鼠肝组织严重受损,秋水仙碱组和VLY低、高剂量组大鼠肝脏炎症细胞浸润较模型组减轻;VG染色显示,模型组大鼠肝组织可见较多染成红色的胶原纤维,秋水仙碱组和VLY低、高剂量组大鼠肝脏内胶原纤维较模型组明显减少,VLY低、高剂量组疗效优于秋水仙碱组;免疫组织化学染色显示,模型组大鼠肝组织中α-SMA和TGF-β表达较对照组升高(P<0.01),秋水仙碱组和VLY低、高剂量组大鼠肝组织中α-SMA、TGF-β表达较模型组明显减少(P<0.01)。结论VLY水提物可改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝功能,抑制肝纤维化的发生发展,其机制可能与调节TGF-β/Smad信号通路、减少肝纤维化相关因子分泌有关。