The data of solubilities, densities and refractive indices of rubidium chloride or cesium chloride in the system CEHsOH-H2O were measured by using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures, with ma...The data of solubilities, densities and refractive indices of rubidium chloride or cesium chloride in the system CEHsOH-H2O were measured by using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures, with mass fractions of ethanol in the range of 0 to 1.0. In all cases, the presence of ethanol significantly reduced the solubility of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride in aqueous solution. The solubilities of the saturated solutions were fitted via polynomial equations as a function of the mass fraction of ethanol. The CsC1-C2H5OH-H2O ternary system appeared in two liquid phases： alcoholic phase and water phase, when the mass fractions of ethanol were in the range of 10.37% to 49.59% at 35 ℃. Density and refractive index were also determined for the same ternary systems with varied unsaturated salt concentrations. Values for both experiment and theory were correlated with the salt concentrations and proportions of alcohol in the solutions. The equations proposed could also account for the saturated solutions.展开更多
Rubidium chloride(RbCl)was used as a tracer tank-mixed with active ingredients to profile downwind deposition of aerially applied crop protection and production materials to characterize off-target drift,which helps i...Rubidium chloride(RbCl)was used as a tracer tank-mixed with active ingredients to profile downwind deposition of aerially applied crop protection and production materials to characterize off-target drift,which helps improve spray efficiency and reduce environmental contamination.Mylar sheets were placed on a holder in the field at each sampling station to collect sprayed solution.RbCl tracer was used to assess downwind drift of nozzles mounted on the booms installed and controlled on both sides of an agricultural airplane.The experiment was conducted on a field covered by Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon).During the experiment,the airplane was planned to fly three passes with three replications at each of three different altitudes,3.7 m,4.9 m,and 6.1 m for total of 27 flight runs.The results indicated that sampling station location had a significant effect on RbCl concentration.However,application release altitude was not significant to the change of RbCl.Another practical application in the same aerial application system was used to assess crop injury from the off-target drift of aerially applied glyphosate.RbCl concentrations measured from Mylar sheets were correlated with visual injury,plant height,shoot dry weight,leaf chlorophyll content,and shikimate,which were measured from the leaves and plant samples collected.Overall,RbCl is an effective tracer for monitoring spray applications from agricultural aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles to intensify agriculture output and minimize environmental impact.展开更多
文摘The data of solubilities, densities and refractive indices of rubidium chloride or cesium chloride in the system CEHsOH-H2O were measured by using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures, with mass fractions of ethanol in the range of 0 to 1.0. In all cases, the presence of ethanol significantly reduced the solubility of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride in aqueous solution. The solubilities of the saturated solutions were fitted via polynomial equations as a function of the mass fraction of ethanol. The CsC1-C2H5OH-H2O ternary system appeared in two liquid phases： alcoholic phase and water phase, when the mass fractions of ethanol were in the range of 10.37% to 49.59% at 35 ℃. Density and refractive index were also determined for the same ternary systems with varied unsaturated salt concentrations. Values for both experiment and theory were correlated with the salt concentrations and proportions of alcohol in the solutions. The equations proposed could also account for the saturated solutions.
文摘Rubidium chloride(RbCl)was used as a tracer tank-mixed with active ingredients to profile downwind deposition of aerially applied crop protection and production materials to characterize off-target drift,which helps improve spray efficiency and reduce environmental contamination.Mylar sheets were placed on a holder in the field at each sampling station to collect sprayed solution.RbCl tracer was used to assess downwind drift of nozzles mounted on the booms installed and controlled on both sides of an agricultural airplane.The experiment was conducted on a field covered by Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon).During the experiment,the airplane was planned to fly three passes with three replications at each of three different altitudes,3.7 m,4.9 m,and 6.1 m for total of 27 flight runs.The results indicated that sampling station location had a significant effect on RbCl concentration.However,application release altitude was not significant to the change of RbCl.Another practical application in the same aerial application system was used to assess crop injury from the off-target drift of aerially applied glyphosate.RbCl concentrations measured from Mylar sheets were correlated with visual injury,plant height,shoot dry weight,leaf chlorophyll content,and shikimate,which were measured from the leaves and plant samples collected.Overall,RbCl is an effective tracer for monitoring spray applications from agricultural aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles to intensify agriculture output and minimize environmental impact.
