The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BA...The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BAMBP）. Rb＋ and Cs＋ were enriched and separated effectively by precipitating Mg2＋ before extraction and by scrubbing out K＋ and Na＋ repeatedly before stripping. The effects of the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous extraction phase（O/A）, alkalinity of aqueous phase（c（OH）-）, interference from K＋ and Mg2＋, and ratio the volume of organic phase to aqueous scrubbing phase（O/A′） were investigated. The experimental brine was extracted optimally by 5-stage extraction with 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, c（OH-）=1 mol/L, and O/A=1：1. The scrubbing yield of rubidium was only about 10.5% when the extraction solvent was washed 3 times with 1×10-4 mol/L Na OH at O/A′=1：0.5. After 5-stage countercurrent extraction, the final extraction yields of Rb＋ and Cs＋ reached 95.04% and 99.80%, respectively.展开更多
Cesium(Cs)and rubidium(Rb)separation from brine is an important and application-oriented topic.4-tert-butyl-2-(a-methylbenzyl)phenol(t-BAMBP)has been used for Cs and Rb extraction.However,the traditional extraction te...Cesium(Cs)and rubidium(Rb)separation from brine is an important and application-oriented topic.4-tert-butyl-2-(a-methylbenzyl)phenol(t-BAMBP)has been used for Cs and Rb extraction.However,the traditional extraction technology is base and acid consumed.In the present work,an innovative process for Cs and Rb extraction with t-BAMBP is developed,which consists of saponification,extraction,scrubbing and stripping.Both infrared spectrum and electrostatic potential analysis indicate the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxyl is dissociated from t-BAMBP during saponification and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is the binding site for alkali metal ions.Saponified organic phase shows an excellent extraction effect for Cs^(+)and Rb^(+).The extraction reaches equilibrium in 5 min,with 99.5%Cs^(+)and 46.7%Rb^(+)are loaded into the organic phase in the single-stage extraction.Slope method indicates the structure of the extraction complex is MOR·3ROH(M=Cs^(+),Rb^(+),K^(+)),where the electrostatic attraction between M^(+)and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is dominant,and the cation–p interaction has a significant effect also.The extraction complex of MOR·3ROH dissociates in the acid environment while scrubbing and stripping is completed.The Cs^(+)and Rb^(+)are separated from the mixture phase,the proton H bonds to the phenolic hydroxyl group,and the extractant is regenerated.展开更多
This work shows the extraction of cesium (Cs^+) and rubidium (Rb^+) from salt lake brine containing potassium (K^+) and magnesium (Mg^2+). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol ( t -BAMBP) dilu...This work shows the extraction of cesium (Cs^+) and rubidium (Rb^+) from salt lake brine containing potassium (K^+) and magnesium (Mg^2+). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol ( t -BAMBP) diluted in sulfonated kerosene (SK) has an excellent extraction effect. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t -BAMBP when Cs^+ or Rb^+ were extracted. The effects of K^+, Mg^2+, t -BAMBP concentration, the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) and the alkalinity (pH) of aqueous phase were investigated. The K^+ and Mg^2+ should be eliminated through precipitating before the extraction and separation of Cs^+ and Rb^+.The optimum extraction conditions of the experimental brine were as follows: 0.8 mol/L t -BAMBP diluted in SK, pH≥13, a phase ratio of 1:1, and an extraction contact time of 2 min at room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs^+ and Rb^+ were as high as 100% and 85.8%, in addition, 8.76% of K^+ was co-extracted. Further work would increase the extraction yield and selectivity of Rb^+ and realize the efficient separation of Cs^+ and Rb^+ from brine.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion ...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion and doping kinetics of precursors with high melting points,along with imprecise regulation,have raised the debate on whether Cs doping could make sense.For this matter,we attempt to confirm the positive effects of Cs doping on multifunctional photocatalysis by first using cesium acetate with the character of easy manipulation.The optimized Csdoped g-C_(3)N_(4)(CCN)shows a 41.6-fold increase in visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)compared to pure g-C_(3)N_(4) and impressive degradation capability,especially with 77%refractory tetracycline and almost 100%rhodamine B degradedwithin an hour.The penetration ofCs+is demonstrated to be a mode of interlayer doping,and Cs–N bonds(especially with sp^(2) pyridine N in C═N–C),along with robust chemical interaction and electron exchange,are fabricated.This atomic configuration triggers the broadened spectral response,the improved charge migration,and the activated photocatalytic capacity.Furthermore,we evaluate the CCN/cadmium sulfide hybrid as a Z-scheme configuration,promoting the visible HER yield to 9.02 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which is the highest ever reported among all CCN systems.This work adds to the rapidly expanding field of manipulation strategies and supports further development of mediating served for photocatalysis.展开更多
基金Project(20606008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11070210)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BAMBP）. Rb＋ and Cs＋ were enriched and separated effectively by precipitating Mg2＋ before extraction and by scrubbing out K＋ and Na＋ repeatedly before stripping. The effects of the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous extraction phase（O/A）, alkalinity of aqueous phase（c（OH）-）, interference from K＋ and Mg2＋, and ratio the volume of organic phase to aqueous scrubbing phase（O/A′） were investigated. The experimental brine was extracted optimally by 5-stage extraction with 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, c（OH-）=1 mol/L, and O/A=1：1. The scrubbing yield of rubidium was only about 10.5% when the extraction solvent was washed 3 times with 1×10-4 mol/L Na OH at O/A′=1：0.5. After 5-stage countercurrent extraction, the final extraction yields of Rb＋ and Cs＋ reached 95.04% and 99.80%, respectively.
基金The research is financially supported by the Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province(2019-ZJ-7001)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y910041014)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2017467)the Tibet A-Li La-Guo Resources Co.Ltd.,China.
文摘Cesium(Cs)and rubidium(Rb)separation from brine is an important and application-oriented topic.4-tert-butyl-2-(a-methylbenzyl)phenol(t-BAMBP)has been used for Cs and Rb extraction.However,the traditional extraction technology is base and acid consumed.In the present work,an innovative process for Cs and Rb extraction with t-BAMBP is developed,which consists of saponification,extraction,scrubbing and stripping.Both infrared spectrum and electrostatic potential analysis indicate the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxyl is dissociated from t-BAMBP during saponification and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is the binding site for alkali metal ions.Saponified organic phase shows an excellent extraction effect for Cs^(+)and Rb^(+).The extraction reaches equilibrium in 5 min,with 99.5%Cs^(+)and 46.7%Rb^(+)are loaded into the organic phase in the single-stage extraction.Slope method indicates the structure of the extraction complex is MOR·3ROH(M=Cs^(+),Rb^(+),K^(+)),where the electrostatic attraction between M^(+)and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is dominant,and the cation–p interaction has a significant effect also.The extraction complex of MOR·3ROH dissociates in the acid environment while scrubbing and stripping is completed.The Cs^(+)and Rb^(+)are separated from the mixture phase,the proton H bonds to the phenolic hydroxyl group,and the extractant is regenerated.
基金Science and Technology Department of Qinghai province(2019-ZJ-7001,2015-ZJ-945Q)“Light of West China”program,CAS
文摘This work shows the extraction of cesium (Cs^+) and rubidium (Rb^+) from salt lake brine containing potassium (K^+) and magnesium (Mg^2+). The results show that 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol ( t -BAMBP) diluted in sulfonated kerosene (SK) has an excellent extraction effect. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t -BAMBP when Cs^+ or Rb^+ were extracted. The effects of K^+, Mg^2+, t -BAMBP concentration, the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) and the alkalinity (pH) of aqueous phase were investigated. The K^+ and Mg^2+ should be eliminated through precipitating before the extraction and separation of Cs^+ and Rb^+.The optimum extraction conditions of the experimental brine were as follows: 0.8 mol/L t -BAMBP diluted in SK, pH≥13, a phase ratio of 1:1, and an extraction contact time of 2 min at room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs^+ and Rb^+ were as high as 100% and 85.8%, in addition, 8.76% of K^+ was co-extracted. Further work would increase the extraction yield and selectivity of Rb^+ and realize the efficient separation of Cs^+ and Rb^+ from brine.
基金supported primarily by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract No.21975245,51972300,62274155,and U20A20206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0204000)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB43000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62175231.Prof.Kong Liu appreciates the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020114)the Beijing Nova Program(No.2020117).
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion and doping kinetics of precursors with high melting points,along with imprecise regulation,have raised the debate on whether Cs doping could make sense.For this matter,we attempt to confirm the positive effects of Cs doping on multifunctional photocatalysis by first using cesium acetate with the character of easy manipulation.The optimized Csdoped g-C_(3)N_(4)(CCN)shows a 41.6-fold increase in visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)compared to pure g-C_(3)N_(4) and impressive degradation capability,especially with 77%refractory tetracycline and almost 100%rhodamine B degradedwithin an hour.The penetration ofCs+is demonstrated to be a mode of interlayer doping,and Cs–N bonds(especially with sp^(2) pyridine N in C═N–C),along with robust chemical interaction and electron exchange,are fabricated.This atomic configuration triggers the broadened spectral response,the improved charge migration,and the activated photocatalytic capacity.Furthermore,we evaluate the CCN/cadmium sulfide hybrid as a Z-scheme configuration,promoting the visible HER yield to 9.02 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which is the highest ever reported among all CCN systems.This work adds to the rapidly expanding field of manipulation strategies and supports further development of mediating served for photocatalysis.
