Rhodotorula rubra对锡石和石英砂选择性吸附的研究

通过吸附率的测定,研究了菌悬浮液浓度、作用时间、作用温度、菌液初始pH值对Rhodotorula rubra（R.rubra）吸附锡石和石英砂的影响,并通过表面电位和红外图普分析探究选择性吸附的机理。研究结果表明：R.rubra能有效选择性地吸附锡石,菌液初始p H值对吸附起主要作用,当pH在4~5之间时R.rubra对锡石的吸附率80%以上,最大吸附率为83.97%;而对石英砂的吸附率在10%以下,最低仅为4.87%,有利于选择性吸附的进行;表面电位和红外普分析发现,R.rubra对锡石和石英砂的吸附是静电力和化学键共同作用的结果,R.rubra表面的官能团与锡石中的Sn位点发生了化学作用。

类胡萝卜素产生菌深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)的培养条件的优化研究

本文研究深红酵母及其产生的类胡萝卜素的培养优化条件，并对其进行了小型发酵试验，结果表明pH值对深红酵母和类胡萝卜素有影响，初始pH值越低，色素的积累量越高，发酵过程中控制pH值能有效地增加色素积累的速度和初始色素积累量，但随着发酵时间的延长，色素积累量逐渐下降。

多元PCR在黑鲍(Haliotis rubra)微卫星遗传研究中的应用

根据D03等11个微卫星引物单位点PCR扩增时优化的扩增条件(退火温度、MgCl2等)和11个微卫星引物所带有的荧光颜色、等位基因大小变异范围及反应的灵敏度,可将11个微卫星引物分成A组(D03、G04、B04和H08)、B组(A09、H11、A08和G01)和C组(CmrHr1.24、CmrHr2.30和CmrHr2.23)进行多元PCR扩增,结果显示各组内位点之间的分离清晰,这表明多元PCR可以大大提高微卫星检测仪器的使用效率和提高实验效果,在微卫星研究中是一种快速便捷的方法。

External application of a Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most severe complications of diabetes that have imposed great financial and psychological burdens on diabetic patients.A Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton(Nr-CWS)can be externally applied to accelerate wound healing.However,its clinical application has not yet been reported.Herein,we report two patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated with Nr-CWS.After wound debridement,the wound was covered with a sterile cotton ball infiltrated with an Nr-CWS that was diluted with 2.0 mL of saline.The covers were changed every two days until complete wound healing occurred.The two wounds healed after 3 and 12 weeks,respectively.This article aims to provide a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers,with the hope that physicians may consider an Nr-CWS as a complementary method for the treatment of chronic wounds.

THE EFFECT OF PAEONIA RUBRA 801 ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LUNG METASTASES IN WALKER 256 TUMOR

The development of lung nodules from intravenously injected Walker 256 (W256) tumor cells was the model system for metastases formation in this experiment. The influence and inhibitory mechanisms of a synthetic Paecnia rubra 801 (P801) on occurrence of lung metastases were investigated. The results showed that treatment with P801 alone or in combination with decoction of Huangqi (Astragalus root) can significantly reduce the number of lung nodules. The mechanisms responsible for decreased colonyforming potential in the rats treated with P801 were investigated. ADP-induced or W256 tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation was markedly inhibited by P801. It appears that inhibitory effect of P801 on occurrence of W256 tumor lung nodules is mainly due to reduced blood coagulability and inhibition of platelet activation by tumor cells.

The Effects of Radix Ginseng Rubra on cAMP of Experimental Ischemic Myocardium in Rats

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The Mechanism of the combination of radix paeoniae rubra-cortex moutan in treating cerebral hemorrhage based on network pharmacology

Objective:To clarify the material basis of Chinese medicine pair“Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan”(Chishao-Mudanpi)and explore their mechanism in the treatment of ICH with network pharmacology.Methods:The active ingredients contained in Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Cortex Moutan were searched and selected based on the oral bioavailability prediction and drug-likeness prediction from the TCMSP database.Then the targets of cerebral hemorrhage were collected from GeneCards,OMIM,and DrugBank databases.After obtained the intersections of drugs and disease,the active component target disease interactive network diagram was drawn by Cytoscape software.The obtained key targets were uploaded to the STRING database for analysis and construct a PPI network map.GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis were performed on the key target proteins.Results:Collected the active ingredients of Radix Paeoniae 119,Radix Paeoniae 55,including paeoniflorin,baicalin,β-sitosterol,etc.Related drug target protein 1190,ICH disease-related genes 823,"Radix Paeoniae-Radix Paeoniae"and 72 common targets of ICH,mainly acting on Akt1,IL6,VEGFA,CASP3,EGF,involving 133 related signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE,TNF,IL-17,HIF1,PI3K-Akt.Conclusion:The combination of"Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan"in the treatment of ICH has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,which provides a reference and basis for further molecular biology verification in the future.

A new diarylheptanoid from the bark of Myrica rubra

新 diarylheptanoid， 3,5-dimethoxyl-17-hydroxyl-4,11,19-triketo-[7,0 ] meta-cyclophane，作为 rubanone 说出 1，与四已知的混合物一起从 Myrica rubra 的 bark 被孤立 2 5。他们的结构被各种各样的分光镜的方法与真实样品包括 2D-NMR 技术或比较阐明。

Genetic Diversity of Natural Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc Populations in Guangxi Revealed by ISSR Markers

The present study was conducted to assess the molecular characterization and genetic diversity amongst natural populations of Myrica rubra in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, thus to provide scientific evidence for germplasm conservation and exploitation. Using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) markers, the level of genetic variation and the molecular characterization of 10 natural populations of M. rubra, originated from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, were performed. Based on 11 primers, 123 clear and reproducible DNA fragments were generated, of which 95 (77.24%) were polymorphic. The average value of Nei’s gene diversity (He) was 0.268. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.341, revealing that 34.1% of the total molecular variance existed among populations. The Mantel statistical testing showed that the genetic distance was correlated to the geographic distance, but the correlation was not significant. Ten populations were divided into two big clusters according to unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis. One consisted of populations of Rongxian (RX), Hepu (HP), Liangqing (LQ), Marshan (MS), Lingshan (LS) and Shansi (SS), which originated from the southern Guangxi, while the other was composed of Guanyang (GY) and Lingui (LG) populations of northern Guangxi, Huanjiang (HJ) populations of northwestern Guangxi and Shanglin (SL) populations of southern Guangxi. The level of genetic variation in wild M. rubra population distributed in Guangxi is high. Gene drift within the population was responsible for genetic variation in wild M. rubra in Guangxi, and the effect of the genetic flow among inter-populations was not significant. Classification of wild M. rubra populations was correlated to climate and environment. The molecular characterization and diversity assessment of M. rubra is of immense value for planning conservation of its genetic resources and their exploitation for further studies.

Analysis of volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution

The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.

Musa chunii Hkkinen,a new species (Musaceae) from Yunnan,China and taxonomic identity of Musa rubra

The center of diversity of the genus Musa (Musaceae) is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Hkkinen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.

Observation of the curative effect between Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton-injection combined with the intrapleural chemotherapy and following the intrapleural chemotherapy

Objective:To observe and compare the curative effect between the intrapleural-chemotherapy combined Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton-injection and the Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton-injection after control of the malignant pleural effusion by chemotherapy.Methods:Every time after elimination of pleural effusion,we injected DDP and Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton at the same time into pleural cavity;or after we emplaced an improved central vena catheter into pleural cavity then took out closed-drainage or eliminated the pleural effusion every day,then injected 5-FU 0.5 qd intrapleural-space.After the malignant pleural effusion had being controlled,800μg Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton was injected intrapleural-space. (We call it as"improved following-therapy").Results:Using the improved following-therapy,the control rate of malignant pleural effusion increased:CR+PR,79.07%>65.79%(P<0.05),and the incidence rate of the encapsulated pleural effusion that would impact on patient’s respiratory faction decreased.Conclusion:Giving chemotherapy after closed-drainage or immediately after taking out pleural effusion everyday,then giving biotherapy after pleural effusion had been controlled,the curative effect would be enhanced and the side-reaction would be reduced.

Population structure of Haliotis rubra from South Australia inferred from nuclear and mtDNA analyses

Microsatellite loci and mtDNA-RFLPs were surveyed in four spatially separated populations of Haliotis rubra and two populations of putative Haliotis conicorpora from South Australia. A high level of microsatellite genetic diversity was observed in all populations although several loci were characterized by homozygote excesses, probably due to null alleles. MtDNA variation was also moderate with an average of 80% haplotype variation across the six populations. Despite the high levels of genetic variation, significant pair-wise spatial differentiation is not detected among the populations. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis revealed very low levels of genetic partitioning on either a spatial or putative species level. Both molecular techniques revealed little genetic differentiation across the six populations, suggesting a panmictic population model for these South Australian abalone populations. Furthermore, no molecular evidence suggests that the putative H. conicorpora individuals sampled from South Australia belong to a separate species.

An online automatic sorting system for defective Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra using deep learning

Objective:To establish a deep-learning architecture based on faster region-based convolutional neural networks(Faster R-CNN)algorithm for detection and sorting of red ginseng(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra)with internal defects automatically on an online X-ray machine vision system.Methods:A Faster R-CNN based classifier was trained with around 20000 samples with mean average precision value(mAP)of 0.95.A traditional image processing method based on feedforward neural network(FNN)obtained a bad performance with the accuracy,recall and specificity of 69.0%,68.0%,and70.0%,respectively.Therefore,the Faster R-CNN model was saved to evaluate the model performance on the defective red ginseng online sorting system.Results:An independent set of 2000 red ginsengs were used to validate the performance of the Faster RCNN based online sorting system in three parallel tests,achieving accuracy of 95.8%,95.2%and 96.2%,respectively.Conclusion:The overall results indicated that the proposed Faster R-CNN based classification model has great potential for non-destructive detection of red ginseng with internal defects.

豆粕菌剂与土壤调理剂混用改善衰弱杨梅营养生长和果实品质

衰弱病严重危害杨梅(Myrica rubra)产业健康发展,为开发有效防控手段,在冬季对设施栽培荸荠种杨梅开展混合肥试验,每棵树滴水线沟施发酵豆粕菌剂20 kg+土壤调理剂4 kg+改土活化剂0.5 kg,以常规施肥为对照(CK),测定成熟季杨梅树叶片和果实指标。结果表明,混合肥能够显著改善衰弱病树的树势和果实品质。相较于对照组,该施肥方法能显著促进病树树梢伸长和提高叶绿素含量,分别增加64.97%和8.27%;同时,能够显著增加病树杨梅果实总糖和总黄酮含量,分别提高12.30%和24.11%。该施肥方法还减少了果实总酸含量,降幅为34.84%,增加了果实甜度。因此,生物有机肥与土壤调节剂混施能够促进衰弱杨梅果树复壮,提高果实品质,缓解杨梅衰弱病的病情。

基于营卫理论探讨桂枝-赤芍配伍重塑肿瘤血管微环境的网络药理学机制

目的:采用网络药理学方法预测桂枝-赤芍配伍影响肿瘤血管生成的潜在靶点和通路,从分子网络药理学水平探索该配伍重塑肿瘤血管微环境的网络药理学机制。方法:采用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)检索桂枝、赤芍的化学成分和潜在靶点,选择口服生物利用度≥30%和类药性≥0.18作为化学成分筛选条件;在GeneCards数据库中检索血管生成的靶点;利用Cytoscape 3.6.0软件绘制桂枝-赤芍配伍-化合物-靶点-血管生成网络;使用STRING 11.0在线软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络并挖掘核心靶点;采用David Bioinformatics Resources数据库对该复方活性成分潜在的靶点网络中的蛋白进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:桂枝-赤芍配伍的33种有效成分作用于血管生成过程的77个靶点,PPI网络的核心靶点包括蛋白激酶B(Akt)1、JUN、白细胞介素6、基质金属蛋白酶、血管内皮生长因子A、一氧化氮合酶2和缺氧诱导因子-1α等多个蛋白。GO功能富集分析提示,该配伍的关键蛋白主要参与了DNA结合转录激活剂活性、血红素结合、抗氧化活性、核受体活性和转录因子活性等生物过程。KEGG通路富集分析显示,该配伍参与了缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)信号通路、肿瘤蛋白53信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路、表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-Akt信号通路等,提示桂枝-赤芍配伍与肿瘤血管生成的关系最为密切。结论:桂枝-赤芍配伍中的黄芩素、谷甾醇和鞣花酸等成分可能通过HIF-1信号通路、VEGF信号通路影响肿瘤血管生成,干预肿瘤的生物学行为。

赤芍多糖延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用及机制研究

目的基于模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)探究赤芍多糖延缓衰老的作用。方法将线虫随机分为空白组和不同质量浓度的赤芍多糖组(100、200、400μg/mL),观察赤芍多糖对线虫寿命、运动能力和应激能力的影响,测定线虫体内脂褐素、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的含量以及相关抗氧化酶的活力,分析赤芍多糖对线虫体内抗氧化能力的影响;运用实时荧光定量酶链式反应技术检测赤芍多糖对线虫衰老相关基因mRNA表达的影响。结果与空白组相比,赤芍多糖高剂量组(400μg/mL)能够显著延长线虫寿命,增强线虫运动能力和应激能力,明显降低线虫体内脂褐素、MDA、ROS的含量,显著提高过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力;同时,赤芍多糖能够显著上调daf-16、skn-1、sod-3 mRNA的表达,下调daf-2、age-1 mRNA的表达。结论赤芍多糖能够通过提高线虫应激能力、增强抗氧化酶活力以及调控胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子信号通路(IIS)相关基因的表达从而延缓线虫衰老。

红卡壁骨架化学成分分析与结构表征

通过发酵酶解制备了红卡壁骨架(N-CWS),采用化学鉴别、比色法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对其化学成分进行了分析,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)等对其微观结构和热分解性能进行了表征。结果表明,N-CWS主要含有多糖、类脂化合物、氨基酸等成分,其中多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸等单糖组成;N-CWS粉末易聚集、黏连,单个骨架尺寸为500 nm×300 nm;N-CWS为无定形粉末,其TG曲线只有1个失重台阶,热分解温度在285℃附近,具有较好的热稳定性。

红色诺卡氏菌高产菌的ARTP诱变选育与发酵条件优化

以红色诺卡氏菌(Nocardia rubra)FIM-PO8为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)技术进行诱变,经筛选获得遗传较稳定的Nocardia rubra高产菌株FIM-PO8-16,并通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了菌株FIM-PO8-16的发酵工艺。确定最佳发酵培养基组分为:酵母粉2.5%、葡萄糖2.5%、蛋白胨0.5%、糊精1.0%;最佳发酵条件为:种子液菌龄30 h、初始pH值7.2、接种量2.0%、装料量100 mL/500 mL、转速230 r·min^(-1)、发酵温度32℃。在此条件下,FIM-PO8-16菌体细胞浓度大幅提高,达到8.31%。

不同碳氮比杨梅枝条堆肥的养分含量和细菌群落变化

为了研究不同碳氮比对杨梅枝条堆肥发酵过程中养分、腐殖质组分及细菌群落结构的影响,设置碳氮比分别为30∶1、60∶1,90∶1进行杨梅枝条堆肥发酵试验,测定各处理养分和腐殖质组分,对细菌群落采用细菌16S rRNA Illumina Miseq高通量测序,比较细菌相对丰度,分析细菌群落Alpha和Beta多样性,及堆肥养分因子与细菌群落相关性。结果表明,杨梅枝条堆料处理的全氮、全磷、全钾含量随碳氮比增加而减少,有机质和胡敏素含量随碳氮比增加而增加;全氮、全钾、胡敏酸和富里酸含量随发酵时间延长显著增加,有机质和胡敏素含量则显著减少(p<0.05);碳氮比与有机质、全氮和胡敏素呈极显著相关。3个处理的厚壁菌门和放线菌门细菌的相对丰度随碳氮比增加而增加,变形菌门和拟杆菌门细菌的相对丰度随碳氮比增加而减少;在高温阶段厚壁菌门和放线菌门细菌的相对丰度明显高于其他阶段。不同碳氮比处理的细菌群落丰富度和多样性存在明显差异。碳氮比对枝条堆体细菌群落结构起决定性作用,全氮、有机质和温度也对枝条堆体细菌群落结构有一定的影响。堆体细菌群落结构与碳氮比、全氮和有机质之间存在显著相关性。说明碳氮比对杨梅枝条堆肥养分含量和细菌群落分布具有关键性作用。