响应面法优化光合细菌Rhodospirillum Rubrum S1培养条件

文章首先用单因素法分别对光合细菌Rhodospirillum Rubrum S1的培养条件——温度、光照强度、接种量进行了考察,确定了最佳培养条件:温度30℃,光照强度3000lx,接种量15%。在此基础上,采用中心组合试验设计结合响应面分析法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对影响光合细菌Rhodospirillum Rubrum S1的发酵条件进行进一步优化。结果表明,主要影响因素的最佳条件:培养温度32.54℃,光照强度2995.85lx,接种量15.80%,光合细菌Rhodospirillum Rubrum S1的类胡萝卜素产量为16.72mg/L,与理论值16.86mg/L相差0.83%。因此,利用响应面分析法对光合细菌Rhodospirillum Rubrum S1的培养条件进行优化合理可行。

红糖槭(Acer rubrum L.)茎段离体培养研究

红糖槭(Acer rubrum L.)原产北美洲,近年引入我国。关于它的离体培养研究尚未见报道。我们采用自配的基本培养基与不同种类的植物激素及其不同配比组成试验组合对红糖械茎段进行离体培养试验,获得完整植株并移栽成活。

红枫“秋火焰”在宁夏的引种试验研究

宁夏地处西北干旱地区,春、冬季节气候干燥,可供选择的园林绿化树种相对较少,尤其秋季观叶乔木树种稀缺。为了丰富宁夏园林绿化树种,2016年以来从陕西杨凌、河南鄢陵引进“秋火焰”红枫,开展引种驯化与栽培试验研究。结果表明,“秋火焰”红枫在宁夏表现了出良好的适应性,可安全越冬,并正常生长能,未发生春季抽干现象;秋季叶色鲜红,可在宁夏推广应用。

红花檵木Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum植物功能性状对光照强度的响应

通过研究不同光照条件下红花檵木功能性状的变化规律以及各功能性状间的相关关系,分析红花檵木植物功能性状对不同光照条件的响应及其对光照条件的适应性,以期为红花檵木在园林绿化工程中的科学配置提供理论依据。结果表明光照与红花檵木叶面积、比叶面积和茎比密度呈负相关,与叶干物质含量、叶片厚度、当年生枝条长度、枝干物质含量呈正相关,不同光照条件条件下比叶面积、叶厚度、叶干物质含量、当年生枝长等指标差异显著。光照条件对红花檵木各功能性状间的相关关系有影响,从全日照到半阴的光照条件,红花檵木功能性状间的相关关系增强。在半阴的光照条件下,具有大叶片的植株,叶片较薄,当年生枝条较长,干物质含量较低。

In vitro fungistatic activity of 36 traditional oriental medicines and their synergistic effect against Trichophyton rubrume

Objective: To investigate the fungistatic activity and synergistic effects of natural products and their constituents, including traditional oriental medicines(TOMs).Methods: Fungistatic activities of TOMs prepared by hot-water(115 ℃) or ethanol(70%; 40 ℃) extraction were determined by their minimum inhibitory concentration.To assess possible synergistic effects, minimum inhibitory concentrations of various combinations were evaluated.Results: By evaluating antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum, which is a major causative fungus for several types of dermatophytosis, we confirmed that ethanol extracts were more active than hot-water extracts in 25 of the 36 TOMs, suggesting that the constituents with high hydrophobicity tend to contribute significantly to fungistatic activity.We selected four TOMs with high fungistatic activity, including Aucklandiae radix, Gentianae macrophyllae radix, Scutellariae radix, and Galla rhois, and their synergistic effects were investigated through the combination studies between TOMs or TOM-conventional drug terbinafine.In combinations between four TOMs, partial synergistic effects were observed in Aucklandiae radix–Galla rhois and Gentianae macrophyllae radix–Galla rhois combinations, as supported by the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.66 for both combinations.Furthermore, Galla rhois showed the strongest synergistic effect on growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrumwith a fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.50 in combination with terbinafine.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the combination of TOMs and TOM-terbinafine may be effective on treatment for chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis by improving fungistatic activity and led to decrease systemic toxicity in clinical practice.

Evapotranspiration and Above Ground Biomass of Acer rubrum from Liners to 8 m Tall Trees

To meet minimum spring flows, water management districts in Florida sought to make both agriculture and urban landscapes water efficient, which includes tree farms. Acer rubrum L. (red maple) trees are endemic to Central Florida and native to the eastern portion of the United States. Urban and suburban expansion has increased use of A. rubrum in landscape plantings and their production in nurseries. In Florida A. rubrum is planted around stormwater retention areas, but also in urban landscapes. To provide a basis for irrigation allocations both during production and in landscapes, daily actual evapotranspiration (ETA) for three red maple trees were measured with weighing lysimeters, beginning with rooted cuttings and continuing until trees averaged 8 m in height. Empirical models were derived to calculate ETA based on crown horizontal projected area or trunk caliper, adjusted daily by changes in reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Water use efficiency, based on carbon sequestered in above ground wood mass, was calculated at the end of five growing seasons. Average ETA to produce these maples was 29,107 L over 4.75 years, with an average water use efficiency of 1 kg dry mass of wood per 709 L of water lost by transpiration.

Human urine metabolome in response to Fermentum rubrum(Hongqu Capsules)by HILIC-UHPLC-QTOF

OBJECTIVE ″-omics″study represents an unbiased perspective to examine the bio-system to discover the novel biomarker(s)which might be overlooked when targeted analysis is performed instead.Urine,due to its ease of collection,minimal invasion involved and rich information of the downstream metabolites,has been extensively studied.Fermentum rubrum(Hongqu,HQ capsules)is a well-known traditional medicine with the claimed slimming effect which could be related to the reduction in the deposition of total cholesterol and glycerides.Lack in sufficient clinical evidence is always one of the leading reasons that hamper traditional medicines from gaining world-wide recognition.In our pursuit of scientific support for HQ capsules in managing obesity,we aim to examine the alteration of urinary metabolites in this small-scale human clinical research.METHODS 6 Chinese subjects were included and exposed to short-term administration of HQ capsules for 3d,twice daily,two capsules each dosing.The urine samples were collected for three days prior to the dosing and on the day following the last dosing.In total,96 urine samples were collected and then separated on hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC)and analyzed by Agilent 6550 ESI-Quadrupoletime-of-flight(QTOF)mass spectrometer.RESULTS Under positive mode,two compounds were found to be present only in post-dosing urine,and one compound was significantly lowered in post-dosing samples.Those two compounds might be associated with the administered HQ capsules,which is formulated with multiherbal constituents.CONCLUSION Further elucidation on the structures of these compounds is needed to enable better understanding of the mechanism of HQ capsules in managing obesity.

Economic Value Evaluation of Fine Individual Plants of Ribes rubrum Linn. Based on AHP

In this experiment,the biological characteristics,the number of spikes per plant,the average number of panicles,the average spike length,and the average yield per plant of the wild Ribes rubrum Linn. were observed and determined and the analytic hierarchy process( AHP)was applied to evaluate the economic value of 8 different sources of excellent plants of R. rubrum Linn. The results indicated that " RXF02", " RXF03" and " RXM05" performed well in the number of spikes per plant,average number of panicles,average yield per plant,and cold resistance,and the comprehensive scores were 9. 68,9. 44 and 9. 41,respectively.

Majocchi’s granuloma caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection with hyaluronic acid:A case report

BACKGROUND Facial cosmetic procedures become popular for people with a desire to have a younger appearance,and cosmetic technology has developed rapidly over the past several decades.However,increasing complications related to cosmetic injections have been reported,and infection is one of the most serious problems and can cause anxiety and facial injury.We here report a case of Majocchi’s granuloma(MG)caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of red papules,nodules,and abscesses on her left zygomatic arch for 2 mo.She had received a cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid on the left side of her face prior to the appearance of the lesions.MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid was diagnosed based on morphology and molecular biological identification.In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 method.Minimal inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility.The antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentrations for the strain were terbinafine(<0.5μg/mL),itraconazole(0.06μg/mL),amphotericin B(0.25μg/mL),fluconazole(32μg/mL),voriconazole(0.125μg/mL),posaconazole(0.125μg/mL),and isavuconazole(0.06μg/mL).We initially administered 250 mg/d oral terbinafine for 2 mo,but the patient still had painful papules,nodules and abscesses on her face.Then,we adjusted the treatment to itraconazole 400 mg/d for 8 wk based on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results.The skin lesions improved significantly,and there was no recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION This case revealed that facial injection of hyaluronic acid may cause serious MG.Antifungal susceptibility testing should be considered in the treatment of MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

LC-MS/MS法分析橘红不同炮制品中9种成分含量差异

目的建立橘红中9种成分含量测定的方法,并探讨蜜炙、盐炙对橘红9种药效成分的影响。方法分别用盐炙法、蜜炙法加工橘红,采用LC-MS/MS法(高效液相色谱-串联质谱法)对橘红不同炮制品中绿原酸、芦丁、芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、橙皮素、柚皮素、橘红素、甜橙黄酮、川陈皮素9种成分进行含量测定分析。色谱条件:采用kinetex?GISTC18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm),以乙酸铵(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,线性洗脱流速为0.4 mL/min。质谱条件:采用Sciex QTRAP4500复合三重四级杆线性离子肼串联质谱仪,在电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式下,温度550℃,喷雾电压4500 V进行测定。结果实验建立了橘红中9种成分含量测定的方法,经验证该法稳定、可行。通过不同炮制品中9种成分的比较分析,结果显示,橘红素、甜橙黄酮、绿原酸、橙皮素、柚皮素含量炮制前后无显著变化,蜜橘红中橙皮苷含量显著升高,盐橘红中芸香柚皮苷含量显著降低,蜜橘红、盐橘红中川陈皮素炮制后含量降低。其中,橙皮苷含量在橘红蜜炙过程变化尤为明显。结论橘红经过蜜炙、盐炙后,部分成分升高,部分含量降低,其中橙皮苷作为主要药效成分,蜜炙后含量显著增高,推测可能与辅料影响和高温加热导致部分成分分解和成分之间相互转化以及促进药效成分溶出有关,实验结果可为蜜橘红的炮制增效作用提供理论支持,并为橘红炮制原理研究提供参考。

一测多评法同时测定红曲茯苓片中洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀酸含量

目的:建立适于红曲茯苓片质量控制的洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀酸的一测多评含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,以洛伐他汀为对照,建立与其开环产物洛伐他汀酸的校正因子关系,同时对产品中洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀酸两种成分同时进行定量检测的一测多评方法。结果:阴性样品无干扰,样品检测方法的专属性良好,洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀酸在相应的线性范围内线性关系良好,R^(2)>0.9999,精密度和重复性RSD值均小于3%,加标回收率为在98.43%~103.18%之间。洛伐他汀对洛伐他汀酸的相对校正因子为0.9000;一测多评法测定三批红曲茯苓片中洛伐他汀酸的平均含量为0.3563 mg/g,外标法测定洛伐他汀酸的平均含量为0.3668 mg/g;洛伐他汀的平均含量为1.1113 mg/g,表明所构建的一测多评法可用于红曲茯苓片的多成分质量评价研究。结论:本研究建立的产品中洛伐他汀定量方法稳定准确,专属性强,为以红曲为原料的红曲茯苓片的质量控制和深度开发提供了科学依据。

北美红枫秋色叶呈色过程中GC-MS代谢组学分析

以自然生长下的北美红枫秋色叶片为试材,以呈色过程中花色苷与叶绿素质量分数比为划分依据,分别追踪了北美红枫秋色叶片呈色初期、渐变初期、渐变中期、渐变末期和完全呈色期5个呈色阶段内,叶绿素、花色苷、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质质量分数的变化,并通过GC-MS代谢组学方法进一步分析了5个呈色阶段内代谢产物的动态变化。结果表明:北美红枫秋叶呈色是一个不断合成花色苷,降解叶绿素,并提高叶片内渗透势的过程,糖类物质是叶片着色主要的代谢环节。通过糖酵解(或糖异生)、半乳糖代谢途径,将蔗糖、麦芽糖和乳糖等糖源物质分解为流动性较强的葡萄糖、果糖和鼠李糖等,这不仅提高了细胞的渗透保护,也为花青素的糖苷化提供了充分的底物供应。除了糖类物质外,其它有机酸类的柠檬酸、苹果酸,脂肪酸类的棕榈酸、硬脂酸,以及氨基酸类的缬氨酸等保护性物质分别参与了TCA循环、不饱和脂肪酸合成、缬氨酸,亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的代谢途径,这不仅为叶片的着色提供了能量供应,也增强了叶片的渗透保护,为叶片赢得了生存时间,且促进了叶片的宏观着色。

侧柏叶抗红色毛癣菌主要活性成分α-蒎烯以ERG-3为靶点发挥抗真菌作用

红色毛癣菌(Trichophyton rubrum,T.rubrum)是皮肤癣最主要病原;侧柏叶(Cacumen Platycladi)是侧柏[Platycladus orientali s(L.)Franco]的干燥嫩枝梢及叶,被《苗族医学》收录用于治疗皮肤癣。本研究旨在探讨侧柏叶抗T.rubrum的主要活性物质及其抗真菌机制,为抗皮肤癣新药研发提供帮助。本研究通过测定最小抑菌浓度和孢子萌发率分析了侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum的抑菌活性,使用电镜观察T.rubrum菌丝形态和孢子超微结构,并检测侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum细胞膜通透性、完整性和麦角甾醇含量的影响,从而阐述侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum抑菌机理,最后采用GC-MS和qRT-PCR方法找到其抗T.rubrum的作用靶点。结果显示,侧柏叶石油醚部位的α-蒎烯为主要抗菌活性成分,MIC为32μg·mL^(-1),极显著抑制孢子萌发(P<0.01);α-蒎烯可致细胞膜发生明显损伤和内容物流出、通透性极显著增加(P<0.01)以及24 h内细胞膜中麦角甾醇和24(28)脱氢麦角甾醇含量显著下降(P<0.05);引起脂质色谱图中ERG3活性抑制相关的“麦角甾烷-7,24-二烯-3β-醇”色谱峰出现;可极显著降低ERG3的相对表达量(P<0.01)。结果表明,α-蒎烯是侧柏叶中发挥抗T.rubrum活性最主要成分且以ERG3为其抗真菌靶点。

伴窦道形成的Majocchi肉芽肿

报告1例伴窦道形成的Majocchi肉芽肿。患者男,42岁。左小腿多发红斑及溃疡伴瘙痒2个月余。皮肤科检查:左小腿见边界欠清的水肿性红斑,表面有2处浅表性溃疡,直径分别约1mm和5mm。溃疡下方伴窦道形成,挤压窦道口可见清亮的渗出液。窦道周围皮肤见粟粒大红色丘疹、丘疱疹及水疱,疱壁薄,疱液清亮,部分破溃伴渗出。皮损组织病理:真皮内可见毛囊周围炎,真皮全层混合炎症细胞、组织细胞及多核巨细胞浸润,并伴上皮样细胞肉芽肿形成。过碘酸希夫染色可见孢子及菌丝。窦道渗出液直接镜检:见菌丝。窦道渗出液真菌培养:可见表面白色,背面浅红色羊毛样菌落。分子生物学鉴定:红色毛癣菌。诊断:红色毛癣菌致Majocchi肉芽肿。予伊曲康唑口服,疗效佳,随访至今未复发。

牛尾独活叶抗红色毛癣菌活性成分研究

为了解牛尾独活叶的抗红色毛癣菌活性,以抑菌圈大小为考察指标,对比了牛尾独活不同部位、其它独活品种和常见的抗红色毛癣菌植物之间的差异,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化牛尾独活叶提取工艺,并对牛尾独活叶提取液进行溶剂萃取和化学成分预试分析。研究结果表明:伞形科不同属植物的抗红色毛癣菌活性具有差异性,牛尾独活具有较好的抑菌活性,其叶、种子、茎和根的抑菌活性差异不大。牛尾独活叶最佳抗红色毛癣菌活性的提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数25%、液料比15∶1(mL∶g)、超声波功率220 W、提取温度80℃、提取时间30 min,在此工艺条件下,牛尾独活叶提取液对红色毛癣菌的抑菌圈为(22±0.2)mm;牛尾独活叶提取液中抑菌成分均能较好地溶解在石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇中,其中,石油醚萃取液抑菌效果最好;化学成分预试显示牛尾独活叶具有抗红色毛癣菌的活性成分可能是多酚类和黄酮类化合物。

长春市引种美国红枫物候期及生长规律的研究

对引进的19个美国红枫观赏品种物候期、变色进程及生长量进行了观测研究,结果表明:‘秋火焰’‘秋日梦幻’‘庆典’‘红酒佳人’‘索美塞’等品种萌芽较早,为4月下旬;‘秋烈焰’‘阿姆斯特朗’‘秋日光环’‘勃艮第百丽’等品种萌芽较晚,为5月上旬。‘夕阳红’‘秋火焰’‘摩根’‘马莫’‘红点’‘太阳谷’展叶较早,为5月中旬;‘秋石塔’‘索美塞’‘夏日红’‘秋日梦幻’‘庆典’‘红酒佳人’展叶较晚,为5月下旬。‘夕阳红’变色最早,为9月中旬,‘红点’‘庆典’变色最晚,为10月上旬。‘秋火焰’‘十月光辉’‘红点’‘秋日梦幻’‘秋石塔’‘阿姆斯特朗’观赏期达30 d以上。19种美国红枫3年生苗木高生长量和地径生长量差异较大,树高、地径从5月开始持续增长,7月中旬达到高峰,8月中旬后生长减缓,9月中旬后几乎停止生长。

红花槭标准化栽培管理技术研究

红花槭叶片较大、色泽艳丽,观赏价值突出,近年在国内20余个省区均有引种。为规范红花槭栽培技术,推动产业健康发展,通过细化林地选择、苗木栽植、抚育管理等技术环节,使红花槭栽培过程管理实现可操作化。针对红花槭推广应用限制性因子——蛀干害虫光肩星天牛,该研究从营林措施、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等方面,综述了光肩星天牛的防治措施,旨在为光肩星天牛的综合防治提供参考。

橘红中黄酮成分的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

本文以微波辅助法从中药材橘红中提取黄酮的成分工艺并对其抗氧化活性进行了研究,通过单因素探究了微波提取功率、微波提取时间、溶剂浓度及溶剂用量。确定最佳工艺条件为:橘红粉末2 g,加入70mL75%乙醇进行微波提取反应,调整微波功率600 W,提取反应时间9 min,最终黄酮提取率可以达到5.6%。抗氧化实验结果表明,橘红中黄酮对DPPH自由基清除作用相对较强。

模糊数学感官评价法优化红曲苦荞茶配方

[目的]探究红曲苦荞茶的配方及冲泡条件。[方法]以红曲、苦荞麦、白茶为原料制成红曲苦荞茶,首先采用单因素试验,以感官评价为指标筛选口感最佳的红曲苦荞茶配方及其冲泡条件;其次在单因素试验的基础上,选用正交试验与模糊数学感官评价法对红曲苦荞茶的配方进一步优化,采用模糊数学法综合评定与感官评价相比较,确定红曲苦荞茶的最佳配方。[结果]红曲与苦荞麦的原料配比为1∶1,白茶添加量为茶袋内容物总质量的6.0%,冲泡热水温度为90℃,冲泡热水量为150 mL,冲泡时间为5 min。[结论]在最佳冲泡条件下,红曲苦荞茶汤色红润澄澈,具有发酵红曲的曲香、苦荞麦的麦香和白茶的清香,滋味醇爽。

美国红枫优良品种筛选技术研究

本文以从青岛引进的19个美国红枫品种为研究对象,在长春地区对其越夏表现、抗病虫害能力、耐寒性进行观测,初步筛选出适宜在该地区栽培的5个品种:‘秋火焰’‘红点’‘仙娜格林’‘秋日梦幻’和‘秋石塔’。