以内蒙古河套地区解放闸灌域为研究区域,以实测生物量与土壤含水量及其关系方程为研究基础,建立了基于光能利用效率(radiation use efficiency,RUE)的区域蒸散量反演模型;以陆面能量平衡(surface energy balance al-gorithm for land,SE...以内蒙古河套地区解放闸灌域为研究区域,以实测生物量与土壤含水量及其关系方程为研究基础,建立了基于光能利用效率(radiation use efficiency,RUE)的区域蒸散量反演模型;以陆面能量平衡(surface energy balance al-gorithm for land,SEBAL)模型为参考,对反演的同一时期的区域蒸散量进行对比分析。结果表明:RUE与SEBAL模型反演的区域蒸散量在空间分布和纹理特征方面具有相似性且相关性较高,决定系数高于农业技术推广支持系统(decision support system for agrotechnology transfer,DSSAT)与SEBAL的;基于RUE建立的区域蒸散量反演模型能够较好地反映区域蒸散量,在监测区植被(或作物)单一的前提下,是一种有效方法。展开更多
为了给退耕还林(草)政策的有效制定和实施提供有针对性的理论依据,以宝鸡地区作为研究区域,选取植被生长季(3-11月),基于标准化植被降水利用效率(standardized rainfall use efficiency, Z(RUE))模型,综合气候、土地利用/覆盖及光学遥感...为了给退耕还林(草)政策的有效制定和实施提供有针对性的理论依据,以宝鸡地区作为研究区域,选取植被生长季(3-11月),基于标准化植被降水利用效率(standardized rainfall use efficiency, Z(RUE))模型,综合气候、土地利用/覆盖及光学遥感3个维度,分离自然因素和人为因素,监测年际、季和月尺度上的Z(RUE)时空演变特征,进一步采用灰色关联法探讨了其驱动力。结果表明:1)在2001-2017年,宝鸡地区经过2轮退耕还林(草)工程,Z(RUE)整体上呈提高趋势,尤其是第一轮后呈显著提高趋势的像元面积占比最高,达65.69%。全区由第一轮工程实施中的以人为干预增加区域为主转变为以人为干预减少为主;2)春季Z(RUE)变化的年际差异最小,转变点出现在2009年,表现为2001-2009年和2009-2017年分别呈正、负增长分布。夏季Z(RUE)的增加最显著,秋季年际差异最大。年际、春尺度上各年的Z(RUE)均值分别在草地、耕地最高,城乡用地的Z(RUE)在夏秋两季最高;3)不同植被类型、不同坡度、不同坡向的Z(RUE)变化均呈"三高一低"峰值分布。高峰值出现在4月、6月和11月(最大值),低峰值出现在9月(最小值),分别对应着农田植被的返青(4月)、收割(6月)和播种期(9月);4)宝鸡地区Z(RUE)变化的主要驱动因子是气温、日照时数(光照)和人均GDP。退耕还林(草)背景下,宝鸡地区生长季的草地植被改善趋势最好,这与Z(RUE)在草地上呈提高趋势高度吻合。另外,除扶风、麟游、凤县外,其余各县(区)均为气候变化对宝鸡地区Z(RUE)变化的贡献率大于人类活动。展开更多
如果苹果(Apple)公司出一本科技杂志,读者一定不会少,因为人们心存敬意。一样的道理,CHANEL出一本时尚杂志,同样的那份敬意,也会带来更多的关注。事实上,苹果没有要出科技杂志,而CHANEL的时尚杂志《31 Rue Cambon》就要问世了。"Cr...如果苹果(Apple)公司出一本科技杂志,读者一定不会少,因为人们心存敬意。一样的道理,CHANEL出一本时尚杂志,同样的那份敬意,也会带来更多的关注。事实上,苹果没有要出科技杂志,而CHANEL的时尚杂志《31 Rue Cambon》就要问世了。"Crossover"不得不又一次提起,奢侈品牌先后进军出版业了。展开更多
Aiming for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, many ecological engineering projects have been implemented around the world. This study investigates the ecological engineering project effectiveness on vegetation re...Aiming for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, many ecological engineering projects have been implemented around the world. This study investigates the ecological engineering project effectiveness on vegetation restoration in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region(BTSSR) from 2000 to 2010 based on the rain use efficiency(RUE) trend in relation to the land cover. More than half of the BTSSR experienced a vegetation productivity increase from 2000 to 2010, with the increasing intensity being sensitive to the indicators chosen. A clear tendency towards smaller increasing areas was shown when using the net primary productivity(NPP, 51.30%) instead of the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(59.30%). The short-term variation in the precipitation and intra-seasonal precipitation distribution had a great impact on the remote sensing-based vegetation productivity. However, the residual trends method(RESTREND) effectively eliminated this correlation, while incorporating the variance and skewness of the precipitation distribution increased the models′ ability to explain the vegetation productivity variation. The RUE combined with land cover dynamics was valid for the effectiveness assessment of the ecological engineering projects on vegetation restoration. Particularly, the result based on growing season accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(ΣNDVI) residuals was the most effective, showing that 47.39% of the BTSSR experienced vegetation restoration from 2000 to 2010. The effectiveness of the ecological engineering projects differed for each subarea and was proportional to the strength of ecological engineering. The water erosion region dominated by woodland showed the best restoration, followed by the wind-water erosion crisscross regions, while the wind erosion regions dominated by grassland showed the worst effect. Seriously degraded regions still cover more area in the BTSSR than restored regions. Therefore, more future effort should be put in restoring degraded land.展开更多
Climate and weather conditions greatly affect the performance of new wheat cultivars for yield and resource use efficiency. In order to know the effect of irrigation schedules based on growth stage (the most vital cri...Climate and weather conditions greatly affect the performance of new wheat cultivars for yield and resource use efficiency. In order to know the effect of irrigation schedules based on growth stage (the most vital criterion in the region) on growth, yield and radiation use efficiency of wheat cultivars in Faisalabad conditions, a study was planned at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2009-2010. Split plot design with irrigation levels in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots was implied. Irrigation levels were: IT = irrigation at tillering stage, ITS = irrigation at tillering and stem elongation stage, ISB = irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage and ITSBG = irrigation at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain filling stage. Cultivars selected were: Faisalabad-2008, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Shafaq-2006 and Chakwal-97. Irrigation treatment ITSBG gave higher grain yield (4.23 t·ha-1) followed by ISB (3.60 t·ha-1), however ITSBG was statistically similar to ISB in radiation use efficiency (RUE) for grain yield (RUEGY). Similarly the two treatments were statistically at par in maximum leaf area index, total dry matter (TDM) accumulation, cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and RUETDM. Hence where less numbers of irrigations are available, irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage is suitable for achieving economic yield. Lasani-2008 produced maximum grain yield (4.37 t·ha-1) compared to other cultivars but it was statistically at par with Shafaq-2006 in plant height, TDM production and RUETDM. Depending on the availability, the two cultivars may be chosen under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad.展开更多
2012年5月的一周内,在环法旅游活动(Detourde France)期间,街道文化活动组织协会(Vivre la rue,简称VLR)邀请廓勒科狄夫建筑师事务所在圣马罗维勒弗朗什区的布雷斯特设计一块建筑用地。VLR协会成立于1989年,致力于保护和修复圣马罗...2012年5月的一周内,在环法旅游活动(Detourde France)期间,街道文化活动组织协会(Vivre la rue,简称VLR)邀请廓勒科狄夫建筑师事务所在圣马罗维勒弗朗什区的布雷斯特设计一块建筑用地。VLR协会成立于1989年,致力于保护和修复圣马罗的街道。这个协会组织了很多文化活动和公开的修复工作室。展开更多
制定机构:
Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale (法文名称) ( International Organization of Legal Metrology )地址:BIML-11,rue Turgot-75009 Paris-France 电话:+33148781282 传真:+33142821727 网址:h...制定机构:
Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale (法文名称) ( International Organization of Legal Metrology )地址:BIML-11,rue Turgot-75009 Paris-France 电话:+33148781282 传真:+33142821727 网址:http://www.oiml.org/ 文种:法文,英文.展开更多
RJF (red jungle fowl) (Gallus gallus gallus) is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4...RJF (red jungle fowl) (Gallus gallus gallus) is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4-5% of their basal metabolic rate. Crows race individual voice signatures which differ in tone, duration and vibration. Crows together with radio-telemetry were used here to locate night roosts of dominant males. Between 2005 and 2009, 10 despots were intensively monitored. Outermost locations of individual's roosts were connected to form territory and a distance of 50 m was buffered to individual's territory to yield home range. Data indicated strong site fidelity of dominant males. The longest territory tenure was 31 months. The life time territory of males was on average 10.24 ha (±1.73 SE) and a home range was 17.59 ha (±2.15 SE). Average yearly territory vmcied between 5.48 and 10.88 ha per individual and rarely overlapped. Some roosts were used repeatedly at the same point. In the night, RJF was relatively safe and difficult to approach both vertically and horizontally. Roost site selections were thus a trade-off between security and territory proclamation.展开更多
文摘以内蒙古河套地区解放闸灌域为研究区域,以实测生物量与土壤含水量及其关系方程为研究基础,建立了基于光能利用效率(radiation use efficiency,RUE)的区域蒸散量反演模型;以陆面能量平衡(surface energy balance al-gorithm for land,SEBAL)模型为参考,对反演的同一时期的区域蒸散量进行对比分析。结果表明:RUE与SEBAL模型反演的区域蒸散量在空间分布和纹理特征方面具有相似性且相关性较高,决定系数高于农业技术推广支持系统(decision support system for agrotechnology transfer,DSSAT)与SEBAL的;基于RUE建立的区域蒸散量反演模型能够较好地反映区域蒸散量,在监测区植被(或作物)单一的前提下,是一种有效方法。
文摘为了给退耕还林(草)政策的有效制定和实施提供有针对性的理论依据,以宝鸡地区作为研究区域,选取植被生长季(3-11月),基于标准化植被降水利用效率(standardized rainfall use efficiency, Z(RUE))模型,综合气候、土地利用/覆盖及光学遥感3个维度,分离自然因素和人为因素,监测年际、季和月尺度上的Z(RUE)时空演变特征,进一步采用灰色关联法探讨了其驱动力。结果表明:1)在2001-2017年,宝鸡地区经过2轮退耕还林(草)工程,Z(RUE)整体上呈提高趋势,尤其是第一轮后呈显著提高趋势的像元面积占比最高,达65.69%。全区由第一轮工程实施中的以人为干预增加区域为主转变为以人为干预减少为主;2)春季Z(RUE)变化的年际差异最小,转变点出现在2009年,表现为2001-2009年和2009-2017年分别呈正、负增长分布。夏季Z(RUE)的增加最显著,秋季年际差异最大。年际、春尺度上各年的Z(RUE)均值分别在草地、耕地最高,城乡用地的Z(RUE)在夏秋两季最高;3)不同植被类型、不同坡度、不同坡向的Z(RUE)变化均呈"三高一低"峰值分布。高峰值出现在4月、6月和11月(最大值),低峰值出现在9月(最小值),分别对应着农田植被的返青(4月)、收割(6月)和播种期(9月);4)宝鸡地区Z(RUE)变化的主要驱动因子是气温、日照时数(光照)和人均GDP。退耕还林(草)背景下,宝鸡地区生长季的草地植被改善趋势最好,这与Z(RUE)在草地上呈提高趋势高度吻合。另外,除扶风、麟游、凤县外,其余各县(区)均为气候变化对宝鸡地区Z(RUE)变化的贡献率大于人类活动。
文摘如果苹果(Apple)公司出一本科技杂志,读者一定不会少,因为人们心存敬意。一样的道理,CHANEL出一本时尚杂志,同样的那份敬意,也会带来更多的关注。事实上,苹果没有要出科技杂志,而CHANEL的时尚杂志《31 Rue Cambon》就要问世了。"Crossover"不得不又一次提起,奢侈品牌先后进军出版业了。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571421)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.21-Y30B05-9001-13/15)
文摘Aiming for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, many ecological engineering projects have been implemented around the world. This study investigates the ecological engineering project effectiveness on vegetation restoration in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region(BTSSR) from 2000 to 2010 based on the rain use efficiency(RUE) trend in relation to the land cover. More than half of the BTSSR experienced a vegetation productivity increase from 2000 to 2010, with the increasing intensity being sensitive to the indicators chosen. A clear tendency towards smaller increasing areas was shown when using the net primary productivity(NPP, 51.30%) instead of the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(59.30%). The short-term variation in the precipitation and intra-seasonal precipitation distribution had a great impact on the remote sensing-based vegetation productivity. However, the residual trends method(RESTREND) effectively eliminated this correlation, while incorporating the variance and skewness of the precipitation distribution increased the models′ ability to explain the vegetation productivity variation. The RUE combined with land cover dynamics was valid for the effectiveness assessment of the ecological engineering projects on vegetation restoration. Particularly, the result based on growing season accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(ΣNDVI) residuals was the most effective, showing that 47.39% of the BTSSR experienced vegetation restoration from 2000 to 2010. The effectiveness of the ecological engineering projects differed for each subarea and was proportional to the strength of ecological engineering. The water erosion region dominated by woodland showed the best restoration, followed by the wind-water erosion crisscross regions, while the wind erosion regions dominated by grassland showed the worst effect. Seriously degraded regions still cover more area in the BTSSR than restored regions. Therefore, more future effort should be put in restoring degraded land.
文摘Climate and weather conditions greatly affect the performance of new wheat cultivars for yield and resource use efficiency. In order to know the effect of irrigation schedules based on growth stage (the most vital criterion in the region) on growth, yield and radiation use efficiency of wheat cultivars in Faisalabad conditions, a study was planned at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2009-2010. Split plot design with irrigation levels in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots was implied. Irrigation levels were: IT = irrigation at tillering stage, ITS = irrigation at tillering and stem elongation stage, ISB = irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage and ITSBG = irrigation at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain filling stage. Cultivars selected were: Faisalabad-2008, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Shafaq-2006 and Chakwal-97. Irrigation treatment ITSBG gave higher grain yield (4.23 t·ha-1) followed by ISB (3.60 t·ha-1), however ITSBG was statistically similar to ISB in radiation use efficiency (RUE) for grain yield (RUEGY). Similarly the two treatments were statistically at par in maximum leaf area index, total dry matter (TDM) accumulation, cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and RUETDM. Hence where less numbers of irrigations are available, irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage is suitable for achieving economic yield. Lasani-2008 produced maximum grain yield (4.37 t·ha-1) compared to other cultivars but it was statistically at par with Shafaq-2006 in plant height, TDM production and RUETDM. Depending on the availability, the two cultivars may be chosen under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad.
文摘2012年5月的一周内,在环法旅游活动(Detourde France)期间,街道文化活动组织协会(Vivre la rue,简称VLR)邀请廓勒科狄夫建筑师事务所在圣马罗维勒弗朗什区的布雷斯特设计一块建筑用地。VLR协会成立于1989年,致力于保护和修复圣马罗的街道。这个协会组织了很多文化活动和公开的修复工作室。
文摘制定机构:
Organisation Internationale de Metrologie Legale (法文名称) ( International Organization of Legal Metrology )地址:BIML-11,rue Turgot-75009 Paris-France 电话:+33148781282 传真:+33142821727 网址:http://www.oiml.org/ 文种:法文,英文.
文摘RJF (red jungle fowl) (Gallus gallus gallus) is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4-5% of their basal metabolic rate. Crows race individual voice signatures which differ in tone, duration and vibration. Crows together with radio-telemetry were used here to locate night roosts of dominant males. Between 2005 and 2009, 10 despots were intensively monitored. Outermost locations of individual's roosts were connected to form territory and a distance of 50 m was buffered to individual's territory to yield home range. Data indicated strong site fidelity of dominant males. The longest territory tenure was 31 months. The life time territory of males was on average 10.24 ha (±1.73 SE) and a home range was 17.59 ha (±2.15 SE). Average yearly territory vmcied between 5.48 and 10.88 ha per individual and rarely overlapped. Some roosts were used repeatedly at the same point. In the night, RJF was relatively safe and difficult to approach both vertically and horizontally. Roost site selections were thus a trade-off between security and territory proclamation.