Elicitation of Association Rules from Information on Customs Offences on the Basis of Frequent Motives

The fight against fraud and trafficking is a fundamental mission of customs. The conditions for carrying out this mission depend both on the evolution of economic issues and on the behaviour of the actors in charge of its implementation. As part of the customs clearance process, customs are nowadays confronted with an increasing volume of goods in connection with the development of international trade. Automated risk management is therefore required to limit intrusive control. In this article, we propose an unsupervised classification method to extract knowledge rules from a database of customs offences in order to identify abnormal behaviour resulting from customs control. The idea is to apply the Apriori principle on the basis of frequent grounds on a database relating to customs offences in customs procedures to uncover potential rules of association between a customs operation and an offence for the purpose of extracting knowledge governing the occurrence of fraud. This mass of often heterogeneous and complex data thus generates new needs that knowledge extraction methods must be able to meet. The assessment of infringements inevitably requires a proper identification of the risks. It is an original approach based on data mining or data mining to build association rules in two steps: first, search for frequent patterns (support >= minimum support) then from the frequent patterns, produce association rules (Trust >= Minimum Trust). The simulations carried out highlighted three main association rules: forecasting rules, targeting rules and neutral rules with the introduction of a third indicator of rule relevance which is the Lift measure. Confidence in the first two rules has been set at least 50%.

The AHP-Based Assessment of Public Services With Respect to Different Groups of Customers of Polish Local Government

The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs. There are several important groups of clients, who may determine development processes and who are recipients of public services. They include： residents, entrepreneurs, tourists, and State Treasury. Local governments are equipped with a range of legal instruments to provide public services addressed to the selected clients. The objective of this paper is to present the application of the AHP method to assess the significance of the selected categories of public services for different groups of clients in Poland. The results allow setting priorities for future policy and adjust the tasks to the specific expectations of each group of clients. The model of assessment of public services was built using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. Since the 1970＇s, this multicriteria decision-support method has been used by researchers and practitioners in many areas of socioeconomic life. The case study presented in this paper involved 14 experts--public administration workers in one of the districts in Southern Poland. The survey consisted of two stages. First, they assessed--using the AHP--the influence of each group of customers on local development processes. The most important was ＂business＂ （priority 38.7%）, followed by ＂tourists＂ （29.7%）, ＂citizens＂ （26.1%）, and ＂central administration＂ （5.5%）. Second, they evaluated at the five-point Liken scale the influence of over 20 different public services with respect to different groups of clients. The results were aggregated using arithmetic mean and multiplied by the priorities of the clients. The synthesized final score indicated the most significant public activities overall, which were ＂roads＂ （4.16）, ＂transport＂ （3.93）, and ＂tourism＂ （3.84）.

Customer Requirements Mapping Method Based on Association Rule Mining for Mass Customization

Customer requirements analysis is the key step for product variety design of mass customiza-tion(MC). Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used management technique for understanding the voice of the customer (VOC), however, QFD depends heavily on human subject judgment during extracting customer requirements and determination of the importance weights of customer requirements. QFD pro-cess and related problems are so complicated that it is not easily used. In this paper, based on a general data structure of product family, generic bill of material (GBOM), association rules analysis was introduced to construct the classification mechanism between customer requirements and product architecture. The new method can map customer requirements to the items of product family architecture respectively, accomplish the mapping process from customer domain to physical domain directly, and decrease mutual process between customer and designer, improve the product design quality, and thus furthest satisfy customer needs. Finally, an example of customer requirements mapping of the elevator cabin was used to illustrate the proposed method.

Proposing 5-Steps Rule Is a Notable Milestone for Studying Molecular Biology

In this current minireview, the cradle of the “5-steps rule” or “5-step rules”, along with its essence and advances, has been recalled. Born in 2011, its impacts on molecular biology are both substantial and rapid, fully indicating the “5-steps rule” is no double a remarkable and profound milestone in molecular biology.

Study on Distributed Motion of Self-Reconfigurable Robot Based on Local Rules

The eigenvector of a module with six adjacent module's state was constructed according to self-reconfigurable robot M-Cubes and the configuration of system was expressed with the eigenvectors of all modules.According to the configuration and motion characteristics of the modules,a 3-dimension motion rule set was provided.The rule sets of each module was run according to eigenvector of the module after the motion direction of system decided and motion rules were selected.At last,the rapid and effective motion and metamorphosis were realized in system.The rule sets are operated on three systems and the distributed motion of system is fully realized.The result of simulation shows that the 3-dimension motion rule sets has perfect applicability and extensibility.The motion steps and communication load of the modules increase with the module number in linear.

EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR SIZE AND COMBINATION RULE ON LOCAL COMPOSITION

1 INTRODUCTIONThe concept of local composition(the local mole fraction of one component aroundanother),which is different from the bulk mole fraction,has been successfully used todevelop thermodynamic models for liquid mixtures,which include Guggenheim’squasi-chemical theory [1],Wilson’s equation [2],nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL)equa-tion [3] and the UNIQUAC equation [4,5].The basis of all these models is that the dif-

Research of the historical forms in modern vernacular architecture of khabarovsk

The object of a research is modern individual building of Khabarovsk. In the research of the historical forms used in new private construction, two main directions of a selection of the prototypes are selected: first is based on samples of world architecture (global architectural process), second on samples of regional architecture (local architectural process).

Counterexample of Local Fractional Order Chain Rule and Modified Definition of Local Fractional Order

Fractional calculus is a powerful tool for modeling nonlinear systems.It is necessary to discuss the basic properties of fractional order before solving a fractional order model.Using the formula of power function defined by local fractional derivative and the chain rule to calculate a compound function,the results are inconsistent.This shows that the chain rule of local fractional derivatives similar to classical calculus is suspicious,and fractional complex transformation based on the chain rule is also suspicious and needs further discussion.In order to overcome this inconsistency,an improved definition of local fractional derivative,which can be regarded as a fractal derivative,is proposed based on the results derived from the relationship between the mass function and the Hausdorff measure.

China introduces the 24-hour rule

Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.

基于形状语法的AutoCons可持续住区生成设计研究——以章丘岳滋新村为例

在应对住区设计中关联“空间与需求”的复杂性问题时,建筑师依循常规的“蓝图式”设计方法和思维模型完成的作品往往均质、单调且难以响应所有的空间需求.通过分析生成设计模型及方法,提出一种基于形状语法的AutoCons可持续住区模型,以章丘岳滋新村为例,探讨以“语法规则驱动”取代“设计蓝图控制”的生成设计流程.结论如下:形状语法是一种能够关联需求数据与语法规则的生成设计方法,通过基于图形的可视化衍生使规则简明、易懂;AutoCons模型可对语法规则进行图形及代码定义,使建筑师能够根据需求补充约束条件与更新语法规则;基于“规则”的住区生成设计流程,在空间形态的分阶段控制上优于基于“蓝图式”的常规设计流程.

地方政府如何迎接WTO的挑战

入世后受到挑战的首先是政府管理。面对入世,各级地方政府要树立正确的入世观与“规则”意识;找出地方政府与WTO原则的主要差距;转变政府职能,加快创新政府建设;普及WTO相关专业知识,加快WTO人才培养,提高公务员素质与能力并建立新的行政运行机制。

Virtual local target method for avoiding local minimum in potential field based robot navigation

A novel robot navigation algorithm with global path generation capability is presented. Local minimum is a most intractable but is an encountered frequently problem in potential field based robot navigation.Through appointing appropriately some virtual local targets on the journey, it can be solved effectively. The key concept employed in this algorithm are the rules that govern when and how to appoint these virtual local targets. When the robot finds itself in danger of local minimum, a virtual local target is appointed to replace the global goal temporarily according to the rules. After the virtual target is reached, the robot continues on its journey by heading towards the global goal. The algorithm prevents the robot from running into local minima anymore. Simulation results showed that it is very effective in complex obstacle environments.

A gait planning method applied to hexapod biomimetic robot locomotion

In order to fulfill the goal of autonomous walking on rough terrain,a distributed gait planningmethod applied to hexapod biomimetic robot locomotion is proposed based on the research effort of gait co-ordination mechanism of stick insect.The mathematical relation of walking velocity and gait pattern wasdepicted,a set of local rules operating between adjacent legs were put forward,and a distributed networkof local rules for gait control was constructed.With the interaction of adjacent legs,adaptive adjustmentof phase sequence fluctuation of walking legs resulting from change of terrain conditions or variety of walk-ing speed was implemented to generate statically stable gait.In the simulation experiments,adaptive ad-justment of inter-leg phase sequence and smooth transition of velocity and gait pattern were realized,andstatic stableness was ensured simultaneously,which provided the hexapod robot with the capability ofwalking on rough terrain stably and expeditiously.

WTO规则与地方政府管理体制的创新

入世是我国全方位开放市场的必然选择。以此为契机，我们应根据国际通行规则，进一步深化地方政府管理体制的改革，完善市场经济体制，为各类投资者提供广阔的投资空间和良好的投资环境，并以此作为地方政府经济发展的助推器，政府管理体制创新的突破口。

适应WTO规则 转变新闻报道观念

入世标志着中国社会、政治、经济、文化各方面融入国际化的进程加快。地方媒体必须根据国际、国内形势的变化发展 ,转变新闻报道观念 :适应WTO规则 ,有针对性地开展工作 ;根据受众需求 ,拓展国际视野 ;巩固收看。

To understand moxibustion from the biological effect of local thermal stimulation

Moxibustion is one of treatment modalities in Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Its working mechanism is activated through heat-induced local thermal stimulation. By reviewing and compiling clear, scientific analysis of the biological and physiological effects from local thermal heat, the authors provides a coherent and systemic source to aid us to form an understanding of the mechanism of moxibustion’s promotion of qi and blood circulation throughout the body from local thermal stimulation. This has been done by a rigorous review of previous studies of the thermal effect on the body. The following presents the local, distal and systemic biological effects from local thermal stimulation while also discussing the similarities and differences between local thermal stimulation and moxibustion.

Proton Spin Structure Functions and Quark-Hadron Duality

Quark-hadron duality of three proton spin structure functions g1, g2 and gT are discussed simultaneously. It is found that the onsets of the quark-hadron dualities of g1^p, g2^p and gT^p. are similar and they are expected to be at about Q2～2 GeV2. In addition, our results show that the elastic peak remarkably breaks local quark-hadron duality.

法教义学的自主性与本土化

法教义学的自主性与本土化,对于构建中国自主法学知识体系具有重要意义。构建中国自主的法教义学,应该超越中国与西方、传统与现代的二元对立思维;立足最低限度的法治观念,寻求通约东西方法治文化的“重叠性共识”;基于本国现行的法秩序,通过体系化思维不断整合本土法治经验,通过动态解释机制适应社会变迁。法教义学对习惯的吸收,是实现自主性与本土化的重要路径。

海南黎族传统习惯规则的法治化思考

长期以来,海南黎族乡村已形成具有普遍约束力的传统习惯规则,在调适人际关系、村民纠纷、维护族内稳定及规范生活秩序等方面发挥着重要作用。从现实意义来看,黎族传统习惯规则背后所蕴含的法观念与时代要求和现代理念在一定程度上较为契合,有其存在的意义和价值。与此同时,部分不合时宜的传统习惯规则仍需进一步甄别和扬弃,应当纳入法治化轨道予以调适。