Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

Present situation and the countermeasures of health human resources in Guangxi general hospitals at the county - level

[目的] 了解广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源状况,为进一步推进县级医院改革提供建设性意见. [方法]通过问卷调查法、数理统计法等综合分析广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源现状.[结果]广西县级综合 医院在岗人员在编率为41.56%,医护比为1： 1.68, 67.12%的卫生技术人员职称为初级及以下,超七成拥有 大专及以上学历.[结论]广西县级综合医院卫生技术人员在编率较低,医护比、职称及学历结构不合理,整 体年龄偏低,需通过综合措施加以改善.

Dynamic Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Groundwater Level in Qianyang County

The dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater level in Qianyang County were analyzed.The results showed that in the south bank of the Qianhe River,the change of groundwater level was mainly affected by precipitation,and the response of the groundwater level to the change of precipitation was one year later.The groundwater level presented a downward trend on the whole.In the north bank of the Qianhe River,the supply source of the groundwater level included precipitation and hydrology,and the groundwater level showed a rising trend on the whole.In the plain area,there was a sudden change in the groundwater level under the control of human activities.In a word,the main factors influencing the groundwater level in various geological conditions were different,so there were great differences between various regions in the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater level in Qianyang County.

Correlation between Geographical Regional Economy and Construction of County-level Vocational Education Centers

In the period of Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the construction of county-level vocational education centers in Shanxi Province made great contribution to local social and economic development. Due to influence of special geography,population environment and regional economic development situation,it forms the pattern of strong in southeast and weak in northwest. Thus,scientific making plan for construction of vocational education centers in northwestern counties( cities) and establishing long-term mechanism for construction of vocational education centers will be helpful for serving regional economic construction.

STUDY ON METHODS OF LAND USE DYNAMIC MONITORING AT COUNTY LEVEL──Taking Dehui County, Jilin Province for Example

Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1:10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. .

Evaluation on Terrain-Climate Superiority Degree at County Level in Yunnan Province

Terrain slope and climate zone(heat zone)are important factors affecting land use zoning and agricultural production layout in mountainous areas.Using"weight grade method",a quantitative index of comprehensively evaluating terrain slope and climatic(thermal)conditions in mountainous areas was proposed:terrain-climate superiority degree(TCSD),and TCSD,terrain superiority degree(TSD),and climate superiority degree(CSD)in 129 counties(cities and districts)of Yunnan Province were measured and analyzed.The results showed that TCSD in 50.39%of counties of Yunnan Province was relatively better(levels I and II),and TCSD in 38.76%of counties was moderate(level III),while TCSD in 10.85%of counties was relatively poorer(levels IV and V).

Development Path of Different County-Level Towns

County-level town is important space carrier of China's urbanization and the emphasis and key of strategic distribution for urbanization. Backwardness of county-level towns limits nearby transfer of surplus labor. To promote development of county-level towns,on the basis of classifying county-level towns,this paper analyzed motive and resistance factors of evolution of different county-level towns using historical data collection and statistical method,comparative approach,typical case study method,and studied development path for different county-level towns. From analysis,it reached the conclusion that industry exerts the most direct and fundamental influence on development of county-level towns,while the industrial development in county-level towns must base on their actual conditions. The county-level towns are not isolated,and their development should be established within the framework of national policy environment and superior and subordinate town system.

Exploring the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Conflict in Lamu County: Implications for Community Adaptation Action Plans

This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.

县域医共体助力乡村振兴的实践路径研究

乡村振兴背景下,基层医疗卫生机构受体制机制的束缚,存在服务能力弱、反应性差、服务分隔与碎片化、服务低效与资源错配、理念落后和模式单一等问题。县域医共体以医疗组织形式的创新,通过体制机制改革,弥合城乡医疗服务能力差距,改善服务碎片化,激发服务积极性,为乡村振兴提供健康保障。

县域富民产业促进农民共同富裕:作用机理、现实困境与策略选择

实现全体人民共同富裕的难点在农村。县域一头连着乡村,一头连着城镇,发展县域富民产业是促进农民共同富裕的现实选择。县域富民产业是能在长期内显著促进农民收入增长、改善城乡居民收入分配状况的现代化产业集群,其在空间维度、组织维度和价值维度上具有独特的内涵特征。县域富民产业在产业发展端通过凝聚竞争优势提高产业效益;在农民参与端通过带动农民发展生产、实现农民就近就业和共享资产收益,促进农民共同富裕。实践中,发展县域富民产业仍然面临产业集群培育不足、辐射带动效应不强,产业同质化突出、结构不优,产业生产经营主体能力不足,产业联农带农机制不健全等困境。加快培育县域富民产业、有效促进农民共同富裕,应依托特色资源培育特色产业集群、优化产业布局、调整产业结构、提升生产经营主体产业支撑能力、持续完善产业利益联结机制。

我国县域经济韧性的实践检验

县域是连接乡村与城市的重要纽带,是拉动城乡要素双向流动的中转站。通过测度2014—2020年我国2 074个县以及296个城市的经济韧性发现,城市经济韧性整体高于县域经济,当受到外部冲击后,县域经济韧性逆势上升;在产业方面,第三产业韧性高于第二产业,受到外部冲击后,第一产业韧性逆势上升,第二产业韧性波动较小,第三产业韧性下降明显;在区域方面,中西部地区的县域经济韧性较强,东部地区的城市经济韧性较强。此外,通过双向固定效应模型回归发现,经济增长和经济稳定对经济韧性均有显著的边际贡献,经济增长提高经济发展活力,经济稳定为降低韧性波动提供有益支撑。2020年受新冠疫情冲击,县域的经济增长对韧性的边际贡献有所下降,经济稳定对韧性的边际贡献显著提升;对县域而言,第三产业、东部地区、外围城市的经济增长显著,第一产业、第二产业、中西部地区的经济稳定显著。为实现县域经济韧性对我国经济的带动作用,要充分发展壮大县域经济,提高县域经济韧性,破解发展不平衡不充分的问题;要注重经济韧性的产业和区域差异,协调产业间及区域间经济发展协作关系;既要充分发挥增长对经济的带动作用,也要发挥经济稳定对降低经济波动作用,实现经济增长和经济稳定的平衡统一,促进经济高质量发展。

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

基于全流程仿真创伤救治模拟演练下的县域医院创伤救治现状分析

目的通过仿真创伤全流程早期救治模拟演练分析我国县域医院创伤救治能力现状。方法2018年7月—2022年7月在全国40家县域医院举办了中国创伤救治培训基层版(China trauma training basic,CTCT?-B),培训包括仿真的创伤早期全流程救治模拟演练。本研究对演练中创伤院前急救、院前院内信息联动、院内早期评估与处置、院内救治模式和流程、影响救治结局因素等进行归纳统计分析。结果40家县域医院,其中二级医院29家,三级医院11家;院前急救模式:依托型32家,指挥型6家,独立型2家;院前急救能力方面:院前规范处置31家,不规范处置7家,不处置2家;院前院内信息联动方面:电话/微信24家,院前急救系统8家,中国创伤联盟紫云系统6家,无信息交互2家;院内交接和早期评估:能够按照创伤救治规范化培训要求进行评估和处置23家,不规范17家;创伤救治模式方面:以急诊科为主导的多学科会诊模式34家,创伤科主导的创伤救治模式4家,专科主导多学科会诊模式2家;实体创伤病房6家,急诊病房23家,无病房11家;40名模拟创伤患者16人死亡,其余存活,死亡原因为早期评估和处置不规范,输血流程不合理、创伤相关核心技术缺乏,有效运行的创伤多学科团队缺乏。结论县域创伤救治过程中存在创伤早期评估和核心技术不足、缺乏院内高效的多学科救治团队、创伤集中收治模式尚未普及等问题,亟须重视解决。

数字乡村建设对县域产业升级的影响

县域作为我国经济功能完整、运行独立的基本空间单元,在经济发展体系中的地位举足轻重。当下,我国大多数县域经济发展仍旧处于较低的水平,存在产业发展严重依赖于传统工业与农业、数字基础设施条件落后等多重掣肘。县域产业升级是实现县域经济高质量发展的重要动力,合理的技术应用会促进产业结构的升级进而影响经济增长,数字技术的蓬勃发展为县域发展带来了新的契机。在此背景下,探讨数字乡村建设是否会影响县域产业升级,通过何种渠道来影响,这种影响效应又是否会因县域经济发展水平不同而存在异质性,这一系列问题的解答对理论与实践都具有重大意义。目前关于数字乡村建设与县域产业结构升级关系的研究尚未形成一致结论,由于变量度量指标、样本观测期、理论基础的不同而有所区别。文章将北京大学新农村发展研究院和阿里研究院共同发布的县域数字乡村指数数据与中国县级层面相关数据进行匹配,最终得到2018—2020年涵盖中国1094个县(市)的面板数据,运用面板固定效应模型实证考察数字乡村建设水平对产业结构影响的总效应,并进一步开展了作用机制以及异质性效应讨论。实证结果表明:从全样本层面看,数字乡村建设能够显著促进产业结构升级转型,在进行内生性问题、替换解释变量和被解释变量、剔除特殊样本等多种稳健性检验后,该结果依然成立;从作用机制来看,数字乡村建设通过提升居民创业活跃度和收入水平促进了县域产业结构升级;异质性分析表明,数字乡村建设对中国东北、中部地区产业升级的正向效应更为明显。综合以上结果,文章提出了继续推动县域地区数字建设水平和数字应用水平、加强县域居民数字素养的培养、激发数字乡村建设的就业促进效应、发挥数字技术在经济欠发达地区的后发优势等政策建议。文章的主要贡献在于运用县域数字乡村指数科学且直观地衡量县域数字建设水平,以县域这一更加细微的尺度探讨了数字乡村建设和产业升级之间的关系,丰富现有研究,为政府加快推进数字乡村建设、实现乡村产业振兴和共同富裕目标提供指导。

县级融媒体中心深度发展的几个关键问题

县级融媒体中心是地方党委政府“治县理政”的抓手与平台,作为一种战略安排,融媒体中心有其技术、经济、政治与文化时代背景,数字信息技术不断革新下的挑战与机遇,使得县级传统媒体必然转型为融媒体中心,因而其生产者构成、职能部门构成、渠道构成、产品构成、受众构成、社会构成等必然有新的规律和特点,但本质上依然是一种新闻机构。这就要求我们从宏观、中观、微观等层面来把握这种战略安排,对融媒体中心深度发展的逻辑遵循、核心构成、地方价值、舆论引导和文化建设的理解,就成为管理者、研究者和从业者所有工作的重中之重。

县域统筹乡村建设的模式与策略研究

我国乡村发展呈现网络化与多元化并进的新格局,乡村建设进入增数量与提质量并重的新阶段,但也表现出投入效益不高、供需不匹配、运营压力大等新问题。解决问题的关键,是遵循“人口流动-布局优化-设施建设-运营维护”耦合的逻辑,加强县域层面的乡村建设统筹,因地制宜采取城乡一体化、分区统筹、集中与分散相结合、固定与流动相结合4种主要模式,努力做到4个统筹、处理好4个关系:一是统筹差异化建设目标,处理好“拉长版”与“保底线”的关系;二是统筹各部门专项资金,处理好“条”与“块”的关系;三是统筹全生命周期管理,处理好“建设”与“运维”的关系;四是统筹多主体共同参与,处理好“农民”与“政府”“企业”的关系。

中国县级领导班子群体特征研究——基于东西部比较分析

面对东西部发展存在的巨大差距,西部地区必须全面提升发展质量,而这离不开作为地区发展“领头羊”的领导班子的引领和推动。现有文献对于领导干部群体特征以及配置结构进行了深入的归纳和探讨,但也有必要比较区域间领导干部整体水平的差异并分析其潜在原因,据此对症下药。比较东西部领导班子的群体特征,对于西部地区领导干部的培养、选拔有一定参考价值。论文运用高层梯队理论,采用分层抽样的方法,在广东省、天津市、陕西省、重庆市获得562名县级党政领导班子的履历信息,从人口统计学特征、教育背景、职业发展经历三个维度进行分析,对比研究东西部地区县级党政领导班子群体特征的共性和差异。本研究利用EXCEL对县级领导班子特征各个指标的变量进行统计分析,通过均值、标准差等数据展示变量的分布结构和特征;利用SPSS21.0对东西部县级领导班子的差异性特征进行分组,通过t检验、卡方检验等呈现数据间的差异性。研究表明,东西部党政领导班子在性别、民族、政治面貌、教育背景等方面呈现出相似的特征,但在籍贯来源、年龄、任职经历、晋升路径等方面呈现出显著差异,西部地区县级领导班子年龄分布呈现“两头多,中间少”、籍贯结构“本地多,外地少”、教育背景“偏人文,轻理工”、“任职经历单一,工作经验同质性高”、自下而上晋升比例更低等明显特征。针对分析结果,建议西部县级党政领导班子要着重加强领导班子协同效能建设、优化领导班子干部队伍结构、完善现代干部任用选拔机制,以及进一步强化领导干部的交流制度。

应用Colaizzi分析法对县域“互联网+医联体”的调查研究

目的:运用Colaizzi七步分析法对某医疗集团“互联网+医联体”关键人物的访谈记录进行分析,了解当前县域“互联网+医联体”发展现状及未来发展趋势、“互联网+医联体”开展过程中存在的问题与影响因素,为提出管理建议提供定性依据。方法:采用半结构式访谈法对“互联网+医联体”县域各层级医疗机构负责人及卫生行政部门负责人等进行访谈,并按照Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈结果进行整理分析。结果:根据15位受访者的访谈记录,提炼出15个副主题并整理归纳为4个主题。结论:受访者对“互联网+医联体”发展普遍持乐观态度,但是面临着医联体建设无法做到信息系统互通共享等难题,需进一步在政府部门、医疗机构及社会的共同努力下,加强互联网平台建设,强化对社会群众的宣传接受力度,强化医务人员对相关技能的掌握程度。

广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心的现状调查

目的调研广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心现实情况,为本省院感质控中心对县区级院感质量控制中心质控管理方案的制定提供参考依据,并探讨相应的管理对策。方法通过问卷星问卷调查平台对广东省2023年12月31日前成立的县区级质控中心进行调研,内容包括医院感染管理专业质控中心的成立时间、人员架构、信息化水平、管理、质控及培训工作情况等。结果广东省有68家县区级院感质控中心,覆盖率达50.37%,近五年成立的占95.59%。专家以临床和护理为主(分别占23.75%、62.97%),学历以本科为主(占71.06%)。仅13%有运行经费。39家已建医院感染信息化监测,23家未配备,6家在建。20家进行质控督导出具质控报告,占29.41%;41家举办培训,占60.29%。结论广东省医院感染管理质量控制组织体系县区级覆盖率正在稳步提升,但是未完全覆盖所有县区,缺乏政策、经费支持,人员配备、人员专业覆盖面不足。卫生健康行政部门及县区级院感质控中心需统一监测标准、质控规范及考核评价方案,提升院感质控能力,完善“四级”管理与培训体系,以有效推动提升基层医疗机构的质量安全管理水平。

县域医共体医防融合实现机制与典型路径

目的:构建县域医共体医防融合实现机制,总结医防融合的典型路径,为其他地区开展基层医防融合提供借鉴和参考。方法:基于扎根理论并借助Nvivo软件进行数据编码及定性分析。结果:确定县域医共体开展医防融合的7个核心维度为体系融、管理融、服务融、人员融、信息融、绩效融和资金融,在实践中仅有少数县域医共体实现了较多维度的融合。结论:将服务融、管理融、信息融放在开展医防融合的首要位置,注重体系融和资金融的均衡设置,参考县域医共体医防融合实践的典型路径,进一步推动医防融合的发展。