Sokoto Emirate was one of the three(later four)constituent emirates in colonial Sokoto Province,Northern Nigeria.The others being Sokoto,Gwandu,Argungu,and Yauri Emirates.It is located at the northwestern most part of...Sokoto Emirate was one of the three(later four)constituent emirates in colonial Sokoto Province,Northern Nigeria.The others being Sokoto,Gwandu,Argungu,and Yauri Emirates.It is located at the northwestern most part of Nigeria.The Sokoto Emirate covers the present day Sokoto and Zamfara states of Nigeria.During the British colonial administration,native authority(NA)system was a model of local government administration created under the“indirect rule system”.It was a system where by the pre-colonial traditional leadership institutions were modified and allowed to function in the local government administration introduced by the British.This paper assessed the role played by traditional leadership institutions in addressing security challenges during the British colonial administration of Sokoto Emirate.In particular,the role played by the NA in arresting Mahdist uprisings,and other related extremist religious movements on the one hand,as well as rural banditry,armed robbery,theft,among other security challenges in the emirate,are highlighted.The paper further argued that some of the roles played by the traditional leadership institutions in successfully addressing those challenges are still relevant in addressing the problems of insurgency on the one hand,and some of the recent emerging security challenges,in northwestern Nigeria,such as cattle rustling,rural banditry,kidnappings,robbery,and other related challenges.展开更多
BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evalua...BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices(OV)between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists,as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.METHODS We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals,all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with Endoscopic Ruler.The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler.The secondary outcomes included adverse events,operation time,the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists,together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler.RESULTS From November 2020 to April 2022,a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event.The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min[interquartile range(IQR):3.00 min].The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52,demonstrating a moderate agreement.The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77,demonstrating a substantial agreement.CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.展开更多
A fast radial scanning probe system was constructed for the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)to measure the profiles of boundary plasma parameters such as floating potential,electron density,temperature,transport fluxes,etc....A fast radial scanning probe system was constructed for the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)to measure the profiles of boundary plasma parameters such as floating potential,electron density,temperature,transport fluxes,etc.The scanning probe system is driven by slow and fast motion mechanisms,corresponding to the stand-by movement of a stepping motor and the fast scanning movement of a high-torque servo-motor,respectively.In fast scanning,the scanner drives the probe radially up to 20 cm at a maximum velocity of 4.0 m s-1.A noncontact magnetic grating ruler with a high spatial resolution of 5μm is used for the displacement measurement.New scanning probe can reach the center of plasmas rapidly.The comparison of plasma floating potential profiles obtained by a fixed radial rake probe and the single scanning probe suggests that the high-speed scanning probe system is reliable for measuring edge plasma parameter profiles on the KTX device.展开更多
概述RULER模式的内涵及其在读写结合教学中的运用步骤。分析阅读教学与写作教学的关系及读写结合的意义。以人教版初中《英语》八年级(下)Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks的阅读文本为例,按照Read(品读文本)→Use(学以致...概述RULER模式的内涵及其在读写结合教学中的运用步骤。分析阅读教学与写作教学的关系及读写结合的意义。以人教版初中《英语》八年级(下)Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks的阅读文本为例,按照Read(品读文本)→Use(学以致用)→Learn(内化吸收)→Edit(编辑建构新文本)→Refine(提炼并最终呈现个性化文本)的步骤展开读写整合教学,有效提升学生的读写能力,真正落实英语学科核心素养。展开更多
This paper is to advance some relevant techniques to set up a three-dimensional industrial surveying system of “building blocks type”, making use of the electronic theodolite, standard ruler and portable computer.
Taking 9 famous towns (villages) of traditional Chinese history and culture as the research objects,the basis for determining the width dimension of local gatehouses and the influence of traditional Lunban ruler on th...Taking 9 famous towns (villages) of traditional Chinese history and culture as the research objects,the basis for determining the width dimension of local gatehouses and the influence of traditional Lunban ruler on the dimension of gatehouses are studied,based on field mapping of traditional residential gatehouses in various villages.Combined with relevant historical documents,the regional characteristics of Yabai technique are summarized.According to the good or ill luck of words corresponding to eight characters on Lunban ruler,the method of calculating local traditional gatehouse size is confirmed.The regional rule of ruler use is summarized,and the regional traditional creation thought is analyzed,in order to provide ideas for the inheritance of local culture.展开更多
Over a period of three years, research activities were embarked upon to verify the claim that female traditional rulers also exist in significant degree in the Eastern part of the country, particularly among the Igbo ...Over a period of three years, research activities were embarked upon to verify the claim that female traditional rulers also exist in significant degree in the Eastern part of the country, particularly among the Igbo speaking people The essence of the research was to find out whether there are some correlations between the findings here and those of other parts of Nigeria--Western and Northern part of the country in particular. The paper intends to find out how symmetrical and asymmetrical the finds female traditional rulers are with those of their counterparts in the Western and Northern part of the country.展开更多
Grating ruler is one of the most important devices in control system of micro beam. The faraday position must be acquired to con rm the beam position. How to acquire the position data accurately and quickly becomes si...Grating ruler is one of the most important devices in control system of micro beam. The faraday position must be acquired to con rm the beam position. How to acquire the position data accurately and quickly becomes signi cant grating ruler and DAQ board is made by an electronic company which is in Zhuhai. The interface of the board is RJ45 and the protocol is UDP. Grating Ruler and DAQ board is shown in Fig. 1.展开更多
文摘Sokoto Emirate was one of the three(later four)constituent emirates in colonial Sokoto Province,Northern Nigeria.The others being Sokoto,Gwandu,Argungu,and Yauri Emirates.It is located at the northwestern most part of Nigeria.The Sokoto Emirate covers the present day Sokoto and Zamfara states of Nigeria.During the British colonial administration,native authority(NA)system was a model of local government administration created under the“indirect rule system”.It was a system where by the pre-colonial traditional leadership institutions were modified and allowed to function in the local government administration introduced by the British.This paper assessed the role played by traditional leadership institutions in addressing security challenges during the British colonial administration of Sokoto Emirate.In particular,the role played by the NA in arresting Mahdist uprisings,and other related extremist religious movements on the one hand,as well as rural banditry,armed robbery,theft,among other security challenges in the emirate,are highlighted.The paper further argued that some of the roles played by the traditional leadership institutions in successfully addressing those challenges are still relevant in addressing the problems of insurgency on the one hand,and some of the recent emerging security challenges,in northwestern Nigeria,such as cattle rustling,rural banditry,kidnappings,robbery,and other related challenges.
基金This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.The registration identification number is NCT04639323.
文摘BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices(OV)between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists,as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.METHODS We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals,all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with Endoscopic Ruler.The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler.The secondary outcomes included adverse events,operation time,the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists,together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler.RESULTS From November 2020 to April 2022,a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event.The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min[interquartile range(IQR):3.00 min].The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52,demonstrating a moderate agreement.The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77,demonstrating a substantial agreement.CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2017YFE0301700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11635008).
文摘A fast radial scanning probe system was constructed for the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)to measure the profiles of boundary plasma parameters such as floating potential,electron density,temperature,transport fluxes,etc.The scanning probe system is driven by slow and fast motion mechanisms,corresponding to the stand-by movement of a stepping motor and the fast scanning movement of a high-torque servo-motor,respectively.In fast scanning,the scanner drives the probe radially up to 20 cm at a maximum velocity of 4.0 m s-1.A noncontact magnetic grating ruler with a high spatial resolution of 5μm is used for the displacement measurement.New scanning probe can reach the center of plasmas rapidly.The comparison of plasma floating potential profiles obtained by a fixed radial rake probe and the single scanning probe suggests that the high-speed scanning probe system is reliable for measuring edge plasma parameter profiles on the KTX device.
文摘概述RULER模式的内涵及其在读写结合教学中的运用步骤。分析阅读教学与写作教学的关系及读写结合的意义。以人教版初中《英语》八年级(下)Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks的阅读文本为例,按照Read(品读文本)→Use(学以致用)→Learn(内化吸收)→Edit(编辑建构新文本)→Refine(提炼并最终呈现个性化文本)的步骤展开读写整合教学,有效提升学生的读写能力,真正落实英语学科核心素养。
文摘This paper is to advance some relevant techniques to set up a three-dimensional industrial surveying system of “building blocks type”, making use of the electronic theodolite, standard ruler and portable computer.
基金Sponsored by Social Science Foundation of Hebei Province in 2021-2022(HB21YS009)。
文摘Taking 9 famous towns (villages) of traditional Chinese history and culture as the research objects,the basis for determining the width dimension of local gatehouses and the influence of traditional Lunban ruler on the dimension of gatehouses are studied,based on field mapping of traditional residential gatehouses in various villages.Combined with relevant historical documents,the regional characteristics of Yabai technique are summarized.According to the good or ill luck of words corresponding to eight characters on Lunban ruler,the method of calculating local traditional gatehouse size is confirmed.The regional rule of ruler use is summarized,and the regional traditional creation thought is analyzed,in order to provide ideas for the inheritance of local culture.
文摘Over a period of three years, research activities were embarked upon to verify the claim that female traditional rulers also exist in significant degree in the Eastern part of the country, particularly among the Igbo speaking people The essence of the research was to find out whether there are some correlations between the findings here and those of other parts of Nigeria--Western and Northern part of the country in particular. The paper intends to find out how symmetrical and asymmetrical the finds female traditional rulers are with those of their counterparts in the Western and Northern part of the country.
文摘Grating ruler is one of the most important devices in control system of micro beam. The faraday position must be acquired to con rm the beam position. How to acquire the position data accurately and quickly becomes signi cant grating ruler and DAQ board is made by an electronic company which is in Zhuhai. The interface of the board is RJ45 and the protocol is UDP. Grating Ruler and DAQ board is shown in Fig. 1.
