Selection rules for electric multipole transition of triatomic molecule in scattering experiments

In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.

Selection rules for electric multipole transition of diatomic molecule in scattering experiments

The knowledge of the energy level structures of atoms and molecules is mainly obtained by spectroscopic experiments. Both photoabsorption and photoemission spectra are subject to the electric dipole selection rules （also known as optical selection rules）. However, the selection rules for atoms and molecules in the scattering experiments are not identical to those in the optical experiments. In this paper, based on the theory of the molecular point group, the selection rules are derived and summarized for the electric monopole, electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and electric octupole transitions of diatomic molecules under the first Born approximation in scattering experiments. Then based on the derived selection rules, the electron scattering spectra and x-ray scattering spectra of H2, N2, and CO at different momentum transfers are explained, and the discrepancies between the previous experimental results measured by different groups are elucidated.

Spin Dependent Selection Rules for Photonic Transitions in Hydrogen-Like Atoms

Spin dependent selection rules for photonic transitions in hydrogen-like atoms is derived by using the solution of Dirac equation for hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that photonic transitions occur when [ Δj=0,±1,±2, while Δmj=0,±1,±2 ]. By applying the spin dependent selection rules, we can explain the observed (6s→7s) transition in Cesium (Cs) atom.

Acupoint selection rules for acupoint application in lung diseases in the post-epidemic era

Objective:To summarize the rules of acupoint selection of acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases under the background the post-epidemic era using data-mining technology.Method:The CNKI,Wanfang database,and VIP database were searched for clinical study articles on lung diseases treated by acupoint application published in the past 5 years.Data-eligible papers were extracted to establish a database of acupoint application for lung disease using Microsoft Excel 2019,with the goal of analyzing the frequency of acupoints,acupoint-meridian association,acupoint-location association,specific acupoint frequency,and cluster analysis.Association rules,consisting of acupoints with an application frequency of≥10,were devised by the Apriori algorithm to explore the correlation between acupoint groups and to analyze the rules of the compatibility of acupoint prescriptions.Results:A total of 229 eligible papers met our inclusion criteria.Forty-seven acupoints were applied,for a total frequency of acupoints of 1,035 times.Among these,acupoints for lung diseases were primarily distributed in the back-and-waist and chest-and-abdomen areas.From the analysis of the association rules,we obtained four groups of acupoint association rules based on acupoint clusters with a frequency≥10 and found that Feishu(BL 13),Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14),Dingchuan(EX-B1),and Danzhong(CV 17)constitute the core acupoints of prescriptions for clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat lung diseases.Conclusion:It is clearly shown that the core acupoints are relatively concentrated and that the selected acupoints were mainly locally selected,which could be a matching reference for the long-term prevention and treatment of lung diseases,including COVID-19.

Selection Rules in Weak Interaction and Conservation of Fermion Quantum Number

Traditionally, in weak interaction, I3, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F0 is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F0 and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.

Deducing Complete Selection Rule Set for Driver Nodes to Guarantee Network’s Structural Controllability

Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.

Valley selection rule in a Y-shaped zigzag graphene nanoribbon junction

The valley valve effect was predicted in a straight zigzag graphene nanoribbon （ZGR） p/n junction. In this work, we address a possible valley selection rule in a Y-shaped ZGR junction. By modeling the system as a three-terminal device and calculating the conductance spectrum, we found that the valley valve effect could be preserved in the system and the Y-shaped connection does not mix the valley index or the pseudoparities of quasiparticles. It is also shown that the Y-shaped ZGR device can be used to separate spins in real space according to the unchanged valley valve effect. Our finding might pave a way to manipulate and detect spins in a multi-terminal graphene-based spin device.

The research on rule of Acupoints and Massage Manipulations selection for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation based on association rule and entropy clustering analysis

Constipation is a common complication of stroke,and it is increasing year by year,which is worthy of attention.In fact,as an effective treatment for Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation,massage has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,In the known research reports,massage prescriptions are complicated,therefore,a simple and effective massage prescription is urgently needed to effectively guide the clinic and promote it.In this study,we used association rule and entropy clustering analysis methods to mine clinical literature on Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation in 7 databases,and combined with data analysis,traditional chinese massage theory and clinical practice,a core new prescription is summarized.The core new prescription of massage in treating Post-ischemic Stroke Constipation take tonifying spleen,nourishing Qi and generating Body Fluid,promoting Qi,invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating phlegm as the principle of treatment,which is accord with the pathogenesis of this disease,can better guide the clinical practice and facilitate the popularization and application of massage therapy.

An Intelligent Medical Expert System Using Temporal Fuzzy Rules and Neural Classifier

As per World Health Organization report which was released in the year of 2019,Diabetes claimed the lives of approximately 1.5 million individuals globally in 2019 and around 450 million people are affected by diabetes all over the world.Hence it is inferred that diabetes is rampant across the world with the majority of the world population being affected by it.Among the diabetics,it can be observed that a large number of people had failed to identify their disease in the initial stage itself and hence the disease level moved from Type-1 to Type-2.To avoid this situation,we propose a new fuzzy logic based neural classifier for early detection of diabetes.A set of new neuro-fuzzy rules is introduced with time constraints that are applied for thefirst level classification.These levels are further refined by using the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps(FCM)with time intervals for making thefinal decision over the classification process.The main objective of this proposed model is to detect the diabetes level based on the time.Also,the set of neuro-fuzzy rules are used for selecting the most contributing values over the decision-making process in diabetes prediction.The proposed model proved its efficiency in performance after experiments conducted not only from the repository but also by using the standard diabetic detection models that are available in the market.

Selection Rules for Exponential Population Threshold Parameters

This article constructs statistical selection procedures for exponential populations that may differ in only the threshold parameters. The scale parameters of the populations are assumed common and known. The independent samples drawn from the populations are taken to be of the same size. The best population is defined as the one associated with the largest threshold parameter. In case more than one population share the largest threshold, one of these is tagged at random and denoted the best. Two procedures are developed for choosing a subset of the populations having the property that the chosen subset contains the best population with a prescribed probability. One procedure is based on the sample minimum values drawn from the populations, and another is based on the sample means from the populations. An “Indifference Zone” (IZ) selection procedure is also developed based on the sample minimum values. The IZ procedure asserts that the population with the largest test statistic (e.g., the sample minimum) is the best population. With this approach, the sample size is chosen so as to guarantee that the probability of a correct selection is no less than a prescribed probability in the parameter region where the largest threshold is at least a prescribed amount larger than the remaining thresholds. Numerical examples are given, and the computer R-codes for all calculations are given in the Appendices.

广西特色大横枝杉优树选择

采用5株优势木对比法,对广西特色大横枝杉展开调查,探索大横枝杉的生长特性,初选优树35株,优势木175株。经统计分析,确定了大横枝杉优树选择范围:胸径和材积分别是优势木均值的207%和569%,树高大于优势木均值。根据该范围,对35株候选优树进行复选,获得大横枝杉Ⅰ级优树19株,Ⅱ级优树6株,入选率分别为54.29%和17.14%,可为大横枝杉无性系种子园营建提供优质种质材料。

耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的辨证选穴规律分析

目的:基于数据挖掘技术,分析耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的选穴配伍规律。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science中有关耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的文献,检索时限为建库至2023年5月8日。采用Excel建立耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的耳穴数据库,采用SPSS 25.0对数据库中的耳穴进行频次统计,通过SPSS Modeler 18.0进行关联规则分析,描述各耳穴之间的配伍关联规律。结果:最终纳入123篇文献,变应性鼻炎证型以虚证为主,其中肺气虚寒型、肺脾气虚型多见。耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎共涉及耳穴37个,应用频次居前3位的依次为肺(12.63%)、内鼻(12.07%)、肾上腺(10.61%)。耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的常用配伍耳穴为内鼻-肺、肺-肾上腺-内鼻等。结论:基于数据挖掘技术可有效分析耳穴贴压治疗变应性鼻炎的常用耳穴及耳穴配伍规律,有助于临床优化耳穴处方。

基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗非特异性腰痛选穴规律

目的:基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗非特异性腰痛的选穴规律及特点。方法:全面检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库、医学文献检索服务系统、荷兰《医学文摘》数据库,检索时间2014年1月至2024年2月,经过筛选及标准化处理针灸处方,进行数据分析,探究核心选穴及特点。应用Excel 2021、SPSS Statistics 27.0对穴位进行频次、频率统计及聚类分析,应用IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0进行关联规则分析及网络图可视化的分析。结果:共纳入215篇文献,提取有效处方215条,腧穴59个,用穴总频次为1577次,使用频率前10位的腧穴依次是委中、肾俞、大肠俞、阿是穴、腰阳关、环跳、腰夹脊、阳陵泉、命门、承山,共使用1198次,占总频次75.97%。关联规则显示:肾俞-委中、大肠俞-肾俞、委中-肾俞存在极强的关联性及共现度。聚类分析得出2组核心聚类:①肾俞、大肠俞、委中、腰阳关、腰夹脊、命门;②阳陵泉、承山、环跳、昆仑。结论:针灸治疗非特异性腰痛主要遵循局部取穴、循经取穴原则,穴位可考虑选择委中、肾俞、大肠俞、阿是穴、腰阳关等,核心选穴组为肾俞-委中-大肠俞。

基于数据挖掘的穴位按摩治疗脑卒中偏瘫病人的选穴规律分析

目的:探讨穴位按摩治疗脑卒中偏瘫病人的选穴规律。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统自建库至2024年3月31日收录的穴位按摩治疗脑卒中偏瘫的相关文献,采用Excel 2010建立穴位按摩治疗脑卒中偏瘫的腧穴数据库,以IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0中的Apriori版块进行关联规则分析,使用SPSS 25.0对腧穴进行聚类分析。结果:最终纳入188篇文献,涉及141个腧穴,多数腧穴分布于四肢,曲池、合谷、足三里、阳陵泉等是常用腧穴;涉及15种按摩手法,其中按法、揉法是常用按摩手法;手阳明大肠经、足少阳胆经是常用经脉;包括曲池-三阴交-足三里等9种强关联规则;高频腧穴分为5类。结论:数据挖掘技术有助于分析脑卒中偏瘫病人穴位按摩治疗的常用腧穴、配伍规律、按摩手法,临床医护人员可遵循“经脉所过,主治所及”“从阴引阳,从阳引阴”的原则选穴。

Spectral observation of symmetry-protected selection rules for dynamical high-dimensional parity in alignment magnetic resonance

Multidimensional Floquet-driven alignment systems with dynamical symmetry present various exotic phenomena and applications.However,there are challenges in directly characterizing large-spin dynamical symmetry from spectra.Here,we first observe the symmetry-protected selection rules of dynamical high-dimensional parity in a large-spin(F=4)system.We theoretically construct a Floquet-driven alignment system that can be used to reveal high-dimensional spatiotemporal symmetry.In the experiment,the system is implemented in Cs atomic gas subjected to two-dimensional Floquet-modulated magnetic resonance driving.By developing Floquet detection protocols of alignment double-sided spectra,we directly verify symmetry-protected selection rules of dynamical high-dimensional parity for large-spin systems.This work advances the exploration of dynamical symmetry to large spins,and unravels a universal Floquet scheme for the investigation of symmetry-protected selection rules.

基于数据挖掘技术探究耳穴治疗呃逆的选穴规律

目的:基于数据挖掘技术,分析耳穴疗法在不同呃逆中的应用,探究选穴配伍规律,为临床工作者提供参考。方法:计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、知网、维普、Web of Science、Embase、Pubmed数据库,检索时限为建库至2023年9月26日。对高频耳穴的频次频率以及分布部位进行描述,分析耳穴处方间的关联规律。结果:共纳入255篇文献,得到耳穴处方284项,主要集中在顽固性呃逆、卒中后呃逆,涉及耳穴40个,主要分布在耳甲、耳轮及三角窝处。关联规则显示:胃、神门、交感、耳中为核心耳穴。结论:耳穴疗法干预呃逆的基本处方为胃、神门、交感、耳中。通过数据挖掘可发现耳穴干预呃逆的选穴规律,加深临床工作者对耳穴治疗呃逆的认识。

A negative selection algorithm with neighborhood representation

This paper proposes a negative selection with neighborhood representation named as neighborhood negative selection algorithm.This algorithm employs a new representation method which uses the fully adjacent but mutually disjoint neighborhoods to present the self samples and detectors.After normalizing the normal samples into neighborhood shape space,the algorithm uses a special matching rule similar as Hamming distance to train mature detectors at the training stage and detect anomaly at the detection stage.The neighborhood negative selection algorithm is tested using KDD CUP 1999 dataset.Experimental results show that the algorithm can prevent the negative effect of the dimension of shape space,and provide a more accuracy and stable detection performance.

Thermal effect and energy-level transition rule for a mesoscopic LC circuit with inductance-capacitance coupling

This paper reports that the mesoscopic inductance and capacitance coupling LC circuit is quantized by means of the canonical quantization method. Using the ＇invariant eigen-operator＇ method, it deduces the energy-level transition rule when the system is disturbed by an external electromagnetic field. At the same time, the quantum fluctuations for the system at finite temperature are examined by virtue of the generalized Hellmann-Feynman theorem.

A FEATURE SELECTION ALGORITHM DESIGN AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM

Objective Present a new features selection algorithm. Methods based on rule induction and field knowledge. Results This algorithm can be applied in catching dataflow when detecting network intrusions, only the sub dataset including discriminating features is catched. Then the time spend in following behavior patterns mining is reduced and the patterns mined are more precise. Conclusion The experiment results show that the feature subset catched by this algorithm is more informative and the dataset’s quantity is reduced significantly.