Reduction of electric field strength by two species of trees under power transmission lines

Electrical pollution is a worldwide concern,because it is potentially harmful to human health.Trees not only play a significant role in moderating the climate,but also can be used as shields against electrical pollution.Shielding effects on the electric field strength under transmission lines by two tree species,Populus alba and Larix gmelinii,were examined in this study.The electrical resistivity at different heights of trees was measured using a PiCUS sonic tomograph,which can image the electrical impedance for trees.The electric field strength around the trees was measured with an elf field strength measurement system,HI-3604,and combined with tree resistivity to develop a model for calculating the electric field intensity around trees using the finite element method.In addition,the feasibility of the finite element method was confirmed by comparing the calculated results and experimental data.The results showed that the trees did reduce the electric field strength.The electric field intensity was reduced by 95.6%,and P.alba was better than L.gmelinii at shielding.

Improved Method of Power Loss and Electric Field Calculations of HVAC Transmission Lines

An improved method for calculating the corona power loss and the ground-level electric field on HVAC transmission lines induced by corona is proposed.Based on a charge simulation method combined with a method of successive images,the proposed method has the number and location of the simulated charges not arbitrary.When the surface electric field of a conductor exceeds the onset value,charges are emitted from corona into the space around,and the space ions and the surface charges on each sub-conductor are simulated by using the images of the other sub-conductors.The displacements of the space ions are calculated at every time step during corona periods in both the positive and the negative half cycles.Several examples are calculated by using the proposed method,and the calculated electric field at the ground level and the corona power loss agree well with previous measurements.The results show that simulating 12 charges in each conductor during 600 time steps in one cycle takes less time while guarantees the accuracy.The corona discharge from a 220 kV transmission line enhances slightly(less than 2%) the electric field at the ground level,but this effect is little from a 500 kV line.The improved method is a good compromise between the time cost and the accuracy of calculation.

Sincerely Devote Every Effort to the Development of World Electric Power

The Northwest Electric Power Design Institute (NWEPDI) located in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China, was established in 1956. There are now 1,742 staff, including 1,234 engineers in more than 30 specialities as follows: thermo-mechanical, coal handling, ash handling, electrical (main and secondary circuits), auxiliary power supply, illumination, I & C, architecture, structure, heating & ventilation, plant general layout, HVAC, water supply & discharge, hydrostructure, chemical water treatment, waste water treatment, technical-economics, construction organization design, environmental impact assessment,

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Improving the Life Span of Wooden Power Electric Poles of Eucalyptus saligna

The present work deals with reducing greenhouse gas emissions through improving the life span of wooden power electric poles of Eucalyptus saligna. Indeed, in Sub-Saharan African countries, Cameroon in particular, most of the power line networks are made of wooden supports and according to the Cameroon energy distribution company, wooden poles represent 32% of the causes of death linked to the state of the network. The company’s 2019 annual report indicates that 40,000 wooden poles were in critical condition and should be replaced. A significant number of mechanical failures affecting these supports have been observed. For example, on the HVA/LV power line “D17 Nko- abang” in Yaoundé in Cameroon, less than three years old, 10 (ten) cases of poles falling and/or breaking, due to their mechanical loading, were observed over a period of fewer than nine months, causing an average service stoppage for more than 11 hours and affecting an average of 3280 customers. These incidents lead to questions about how the supports are dimensioned and what load capacities they are designed to support. The aim of this work is, therefore, to suggest a method of dimensioning wooden poles hence reducing green- house gas emissions due to the deforestation by reducing the number of woo- den poles at risk to be replaced on Cameroon’s electricity distribution network. And more specifically, to reduce the number of mechanical failures affecting the wooden supports observed by analyzing the current wooden supports with their loads and to make proposals for improving the actual dimensioning me- thods. From the study carried out, it appears that 449 out of 845 supports, i.e., 53% needed to be replaced or monitored because they support the nominal forces ranging from 85% to 150% of their admissible limit and proposals have been made to improve their dimensioning.

Avian-power line interactions in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia:are mitigation actions effective?

Background:Electrocution and collisions on power lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality for birds.Power lines are exponentially increasing,particularly in developing countries,but mitigation strategies to prevent bird mortality are questionable.Mongolia combines a recently increased power line network,an abundant raptor population,a dangerous crossarm configuration and a habitat with no natural perches,producing many bird-power line interactions.Our aim is to assess the bird mortality caused by power lines in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia,to determine the factors increasing the risk of bird electrocution,and to evaluate the effectiveness of used retrofitting measures.Methods:In July 2019 we covered 132.9 km of 15 kV power lines checking 1092 poles.We also conducted bird tran-sects to record raptor and corvid richness and abundance,to assess species vulnerability to electrocution.Results:We recorded 76 electrocuted birds of 7 species.Electrocution rate was 6.96 birds/100 poles.The most affected species were Common Raven(Corvus corax)and Upland Buzzard(Buteo hemilasius),highlighting the electro-cution of 5 endangered Saker Falcons(Falco cherrug).By contrast,we only recorded 8 individuals of 5 species collid-ing with wires,the most affected being Pallas’s Sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus).About 76.1%of sampled poles had some mitigation measure.Of these,96.6%were brush perch deflectors and 3.4%rotating-mirrors perch deter-rents.We found differences in electrocution rates among crossarm configurations,with the strain insulator with one jumper being the most lethal.Additionally,we found no correlation between bird abundance and electrocution rates,suggesting that some species are more sensitive to electrocution.Although no differences in total bird electrocu-tion rates were detected between poles with and without perch deterrents,when bird size is considered,deterrents reduced the mortality rate of small birds,while they were ineffective for medium-sized birds.Conclusions:Despite the widespread use of perch deterrents in the Mongolian power line network,there is still an alarming electrocution rate.This strategy is ineffective and some mechanisms,such as brush perch deflectors,may increase the electrocution rate for some medium-sized birds.Finally,we propose strategies to minimize the avian electrocution rate in the Gobi Desert.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure for Electric Vehicle Charging

The widely adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) has been identified as a major challenge for future development of smart grids. The ever increasing electric vehicle charging further increases the energy demand. This paper reports the development of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) as an effective tool to reshape the load profile of EV charging by adopting appropriate demand side management strategy. This paper presents a total solution for EV charging service platform (EVAMI) based on power line and internet communication. It must be stressed that the development of Third Party Customer Service Platform in this investigation facilitates a single bill to be issued to EV owners. Hence, EV owners understand their energy usage and thus may perform energy saving activity efficiently. Experiment and evaluation of the proposed system show that the throughput achieved is about 5 Mbps at 10 ms end to end delay in Power line Communication. By introducing two dimensional dynamic pricing and charging schedule, the proposed EVAMI successfully reduces 36% peak consumption and increases the “off peak” consumption by 54%. Therefore the EVAMI does not only reduce the peak consumption but also relocates the energy demand effectively.

An Analysis of Magnetic Field Environment Near High-Voltage Power Lines and Contact Wires of Electric Railways

Image method is used in this paper to calculate the value of magnetic field near high-voltage transmission lines and electric railways. Areas in which the magnetic field is less than 0.002 Gauss are given and the magnetic pollution of high-voltage power transmission lines and electric railways is discussed

应对极端冰灾的电力系统多阶段韧性提升策略

为提升冰灾下电力系统的韧性,降低系统负荷削减量,提高系统恢复速率,提出一种应对极端冰灾的电力系统多阶段韧性提升策略。对冰灾场景以及受冰灾影响的线路故障率进行建模;从线路抗冰能力、系统负荷损失、系统恢复情况、线路受损情况、维修资源充裕度多个角度构建电力系统综合韧性评估指标,以定位冰灾下系统的薄弱环节;在此基础上,通过灾前线路故障风险预测、灾中机组出力调整以及除冰线路筛选和主动停运除冰、灾后维修顺序规划等策略提升冰灾下的系统韧性。基于IEEE 39和IEEE 118节点系统进行仿真分析,结果验证了所提韧性评估方法和提升策略的有效性。

基于限流电抗器两侧特定频段暂态能量比的MTDC电网单端量保护方案

柔性直流输电技术有利于未来大量分布式能源接入电网,而配置快速、可靠的保护方案是柔性直流技术发展的关键。基于直流电网等效模型,提出一种基于限流电抗器两侧电压特定频段暂态能量比差异性的单端量故障区域识别方法。该方法依据贝瑞隆等效模型计算出限流电抗器两侧电压比,通过广义S变换提取限流电抗器两侧特定频段电压,根据故障时正负极限流电抗器的电压幅值差的差异性实现故障选极。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,分析出发生区内外故障时差异性明显,具备较强的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声干扰能力。

750kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境研究

采用《环境影响评价技术导则输变电》(HJ 24—2020)附录C、D推荐的计算模式对750 kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境进行计算与预测。结果表明,经过耕地、园地、牧草地、畜禽饲养地、道路等场所,当导线对地最小高度为15.5 m时,单回并行线路下的工频电场强度最大值超过10 kV/m;需将导线对地最小高度提至16.5 m,才能满足4 kV/m控制限值要求。750 kV单回并行输电线路产生的工频磁场强度小于公众曝露控制限值(100μT),一般情况下不会成为线路建设的环境制约因素;但其产生的工频电场是电磁环境影响的主要因素,电场强度控制限值(4 kV/m)是线路建设的环境制约因素,同时也是输变电电磁环境重点控制因素。现场实测结果与理论预测结果符合性较好,表明采用的预测模式具有较好的应用性,研究结果可为750 kV单回并行输电线路的建设和环境监管提供支持。

台风场景下基于多种分布式资源协同的弹性配电网两阶段供电恢复策略

近年来频发的自然灾害极大威胁配电网安全运行,统筹考虑不同分布式资源特点,发挥分布式资源互补互济优势,有助于解决灾后配电网部分线路损坏、电力供应不足问题,实现电网灾后快速恢复。在电网中分布式资源种类不断丰富的背景下,本文提出一种台风场景下基于多种分布式资源协同的弹性配电网灾前及灾后两阶段供电恢复策略。首先,考虑配电网和交通网耦合的影响,灾前阶段在考虑电动汽车调度的同时,以加权失电量期望最小为目标建立移动储能和抢修队应急仓库选址模型;其次,根据以上3种分布式资源以及柔性负荷的灾后响应特征,将灾后阶段分为紧急功率支撑和负荷快速恢复两个过程,搭建了配电网灾后多时段恢复优化模型;然后,通过深入研究多种分布式资源的优缺点,设计了配电网两阶段供电恢复框架;最后,设计了多组算例,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。

一种用于输电线路视频监测的取能电源的设计

供电电源是保证高压输电线路在线监测装置稳定运行的关键,文中提出了一种基于高压电场感应取能技术的取能电源,并分别对其功率电路和控制电路进行分析设计。感应极板产生的位移电流作为取能电源的输入,直接决定着取能电源的输入功率,文中利用Comsol软件研究了感应极板尺寸对位移电流的影响,确定了感应极板的尺寸,并和实测数据进行对比,验证了仿真的正确性。基于此,文中研制了一套视频监测装置,通过感应极板和取能电源实现装置的自取能,拍摄输电线及周围环境视频并发送到远程终端。最后,通过实验确定了当视频监测装置应用在110 kV电压等级下时,远程终端接收到的单次视频时长为2.2 min,视频间隔为54.9 min。

基于平行双线结构的低频场发生器设计

针对电磁辐射抗扰度测试天线在低频时辐射效率低、体积大、难以生成高电场强度的问题,设计了一款平行双线传输线电场发生器。该场发生器输入端使用阻抗比为1∶4的传输线变压器巴伦,实现了输入端与负载的阻抗匹配,以及非平衡端转化为平衡端;为保证场发生器电气性能的稳定性和可靠性,平行双线传输线采用直径为100 mm的铜管,负载采用耐大功率的无感陶磁电阻,能够承受2 500 W的连续波输入功率。实验结果显示该场发生器在10 kHz~100 MHz的频率范围内电压驻波比均小于1.9,在距场发生器中心0.5 m远处可产生高达200 V/m的电场强度,在1 m远处可产生50~100 V/m的场强。该电场发生器可旋转改变电极化方向,具有覆盖范围广、场强分布均匀、场强幅度高的特点,广泛应用于低频辐射抗扰度测试。

Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December 2022.The study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity consumption.The results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of lightning.For the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the US.However,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two coasts.After excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit satellite.Finally,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

考虑客户用电安全隐患的配电网脆弱线路风险自动预警方法

脆弱线路作为配电网的重要组成部分,是保证电网安全与用户安全的关键环节。为此,从客户用电安全隐患角度出发,提出配电网脆弱线路风险自动预警方法。基于电气介数模型与线路潮流传输最大值,建立有功潮流介数模型,降序排列有功潮流介数,识别脆弱线路。利用脆弱线路形成最小风险的目标函数模型来评估风险,依据风险期望值与控制决策,划分风险评估等级与预警等级,采用神经网络模型,实现风险自动预警。实验结果表明,所提方法的脆弱线路识别结果与风险自动预警效果较好,能够正确作出风险预警,且实践优势显著。

输电线路故障预测与智能诊断方法

输电线路的可靠性对电力系统的稳定运行至关重要。本文对输电线路故障预测与智能诊断方法进行了深入研究,首先分析了故障特征及其类型,然后使用机器学习SVM方法对输电线路的故障进行准确预测,使用深度学习CNN方法进行线路故障智能诊断,从而提高了电力系统的可靠性和安全性。并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。

基于无功补偿技术的电气设备通信线路自动化切换

常规的电气设备通信线路自动化切换方法主要使用功能扩展板调整连接切换指令,易受操作单元参数设定的影响,导致通信线路切换成功率较低,因此文章提出一种基于无功补偿技术的电气设备通信线路自动化切换方法。利用无功补偿技术确定通信线路自动化切换的位置,设计电气设备通信线路自动化越区切换算法,从而完成电气设备通信线路的自动化切换。实验结果表明,文章设计的电气设备通信线路自动化切换方法在不同切换触发条件下的通信线路切换成功率较高,切换效果较好。

重覆冰区域风电送出线路中节能导线的应用研究

开展节能导线的应用研究,对重覆冰区域风电送出线路的安全、经济运行具有重要意义。以湖南某110 kV风电送出线路工程为例,针对其重覆冰、低损耗小时数的特点,从电能损耗、覆冰弧垂及过载能力、经济费用等方面对3类节能导线、钢芯铝合金绞线和普通钢芯铝绞线进行了应用分析。分析结果表明:在15 mm中冰区和20 mm重冰区,JL3/G1A-400/50型钢芯高导电率铝绞线更优;在30 mm重冰区,考虑弧垂特性和排杆需要,不适合采用节能导线,推荐采用钢芯铝合金绞线。

基于ANSYS Maxwell建模的超高压输电线路工频电磁场分布研究

超高压交流输电线路产生的电磁辐射可能会对生物体造成危害。为探究超高压输电线路下方电磁场环境的问题,依据有限元仿真软件ANSYSMaxwell搭建500k V单回和双回输电线路的三维模型分析主要影响因素,重点仿真研究导线在不同的距地高度、排列方式、相序分布、相间距离、相导线分裂根数及子导线半径情况下对输电线路下方工频电场和工频磁感应强度分布规律的影响,并探讨了林地和墙体对磁场的抑制作用。

面向西北地区冬季采暖的交直流双路输入电锅炉可行性研究

我国西北地区因冬季寒冷,对取暖的需求更大,因此电锅炉的使用越加频繁,但是输电走廊用地越来越紧缺。基于这种情况,提出对西北地区交直流线路进行优化,使其可以直接输入电锅炉。为了解决输电线路的混合电场问题,对混合电场的各种参数和影响条件进行分析,建立模型进行测量电场数据。实验数据选取西北地区近几年冬季的气温,基于气温、离子迁移率、起晕场强等分析各种情况下线路的情况,计算冬季并行线路混合电场的分布情况和冬季并行路线合成电场的数据,证明了研究的可行性,以及交流线路会对直流合成电场产生一定的屏蔽作用。