Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running

Background:Foot kinematics,such as excessive eversion and malalignment of the hindfoot,are believed to be associated with running-related injuries.The maj ority of studies to date show that different foot strike patterns influence these specific foot and ankle kinematics.However,technical deficiencies in traditional motion capture approaches limit knowledge of in vivo joint kinematics with respect to rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns(RFS and FFS,respectively).This study uses a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)to determine the effects of different foot strike patterns on 3D in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joints kinematics.Methods:Fifteen healthy male recreational runners underwent foot computed tomography scanning for the construction of 3-dimensional models.A high-speed DFIS(100 Hz)was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom kinematics for participants’tibiotalar and subtalar joints when they adopted RFS and FFS in barefoot condition.Results:Compared with RFS,FFS exhibited greater internal rotation at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint.The peak internal rotation angle of the tibiotalar joint under FFS was greater than under RFS(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.92).RFS showed more dorsiflexion at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint than FFS.RFS also presented a larger anterior translation(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=1.28)in the subtalar joint at i nitial contact than FFS.Conclusion:Running with acute barefoot FFS increases the internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint in the early stance.The use of high-speed DFIS to quantify the movement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint was critical to revealing the effects of RF S and FFS during running.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote areas.So far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural areas.SHSs have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating activities.The current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case study.The renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that village.The generation capacity is estimated based on the load profile.The microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum cost.By analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public utility.The microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to customers.By considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

ZNF205通过靶向RIG-I正调控RLR抗病毒信号通路

目的探究ZNF205(zinc finger protein 205)对RIG-I(retinoic acid-inducible gene I)介导的RLR(RIG-I like receptors,RLRs)抗病毒信号通路的影响。方法采用免疫共沉淀、免疫印迹、非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、双荧光素酶报告基因实验、实时荧光定量PCR、病毒空斑等实验探索ZNF205在RLRs信号通路中的作用。结果ZNF205与RIG-I相互作用。过表达ZNF205促进了SeV诱导的IRF3(interferon regulatory factor 3)的二聚化,也增强了RIG-I-N(aa1-284)介导或SeV诱导的IFN-β(interferon beta)启动子的活性,同时还增强了SeV诱导的IFN-β的转录。病毒空斑实验结果显示过表达ZNF205能够抑制病毒的复制。研究结果还表明,ZNF205促进RIG-I的泛素化修饰以及RIG-I的K63泛素化修饰。结论ZNF205在RLR抗病毒先天免疫信号通路中起正调控作用。

USP26负性调控RLR信号通路对肠道病毒71型复制的影响

目的研究泛素特异性蛋白酶26(ubiquitin-specific protease 26,USP26)通过调控RLR信号通路影响肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染的机制和功能,深入了解EV71感染及其逃逸免疫防御关系,为临床治疗EV71感染提供依据。方法利用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测EV71感染横纹肌肉瘤细胞(RD)0、2、4、8、12、24 h后的USP26 mRNA、VP1 mRNA及其蛋白质的表达水平;在RD细胞中设置转染USP26-siRNA(实验组)和转染阴性对照siRNA(对照组),再用EV71感染RD细胞,收集感染8、12和24 h时的mRNA样本,RT-PCR检测VP1 mRNA的表达情况;收集感染8 h时的蛋白质样本,Western blot检测细胞中MDA5、p-IRF3、IRF3蛋白的表达水平并计算p-IRF3/IRF3的相对比值;利用空斑试验检测病毒滴度水平。结果Western blot和RT-PCR结果表明,EV71感染过程中USP26的表达上调(P<0.05);RD细胞转染后实验组EV71中VP1 mRNA的表达水平明显低于同一时间的对照组(P<0.05),感染8 h实验组中MDA5蛋白和p-IRF3蛋白的表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组IRF3总蛋白的表达水平差异无统计学意义;空斑试验中实验组EV71的病毒滴度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论USP26可通过负性调控RLR信号通路参与抗病毒免疫反应,敲减USP26可抑制EV71在细胞中的复制。

宽体金线蛭提取物对HEK293细胞维甲酸诱导基因蛋白样受体(RLRs)通路的影响

维甲酸诱导基因蛋白样受体(RLRs)信号通路是机体重要的抗病毒作用途径。宽体金线蛭体内含有抗凝血的活性物质,主要用于治疗血栓等疾病,但对于该信号通路的影响尚无任何报道。本试验目的是采用聚肌苷酸聚胞苷酸(Poly I∶C)建立HEK293细胞RLRs信号通路激活模型,在此基础上揭示宽体金线蛭提取物(LE)对HEK293细胞RLRs信号通路的影响。试验首先转染3个不同质量浓度(1、2、4μg·mL^(-1))的Poly I∶C至HEK293细胞,并分别处理12 h、24 h和48 h,以维甲酸诱导基因I(RIG-I)的蛋白表达水平和mRNA转录水平为RLRs通路激活的指标。RLRs信号通路激活之后,采用LE对HEK293细胞进行处理,共设置4组,每组3个重复,分别为:对照组、2μg·mL^(-1) Poly I∶C转染组、2μg·mL^(-1) Poly I∶C转染且添加150μg·mL^(-1)的水蛭提取物、2μg·mL^(-1) Poly I∶C转染且添加300μg·mL^(-1)的水蛭提取物。处理时长分别为24 h和48 h。试验结果表明,转染3个剂量的Poly I∶C在3个处理时长均引起细胞活力降低,2μg·mL^(-1)和4μg·mL^(-1) Poly I∶C转染HEK293细胞12 h、24 h和48 h均显著提高了RIG-I蛋白的表达量,4μg·mL^(-1)的Poly I∶C转染组RIG-I mRNA转录水平在24 h和48 h显著提高。选择Poly I∶C质量浓度2μg·mL^(-1),处理24 h和48 h作为后续试验激活RLRs的处理条件。质量浓度为150μg·mL^(-1) LE可以显著抑制Poly I∶C介导的细胞活力降低;300μg·mL^(-1)的LE显著降低了RIG-I的蛋白水平;150μg·mL^(-1)和300μg·mL^(-1) LE处理24 h和48 h后均显著抑制了β干扰素的mRNA转录和生成。据此得出如下结论:Poly I∶C转染HEK293细胞成功地激活了RLRs信号通路,宽体金线蛭提取物具有促进HEK293细胞活力和抑制β干扰素生成的作用。

Does orthotics use improve comfort,speed,and injury rate during running?A randomised control trial

BACKGROUND Running is a hugely popular sport.Unfortunately,running-related injury(RRI)rates are high,particularly amongst amateur and recreational runners.Finding ways to reduce RRI rates and maximise comfort and performance for runners is important.Evidence regarding whether orthotics can successfully improve these parameters is limited and contradicting.Further research is required to provide runners with clearer guidance on the usefulness of orthotics.AIM To investigate the effect of Aetrex Orthotics on comfort,speed and RRI rates during recreational running.METHODS One hundred and six recreational runners were recruited on a voluntary basis via running clubs and social media pages and randomised into either the intervention or control group.Participants in the intervention group ran with Aetrex L700 Speed Orthotics inserted in their usual running shoes,whilst participants in the control group ran in their usual running shoes with no orthotics.The study ran for an 8-wk period.Participants provided data relating to running comfort,distance,and time during weeks 3-6.Participants provided data relating to any RRIs they sustained during all 8 wks.Running distance and time were used to calculate running speed in miles per hour(mph).For each outcome variable,95%confidence intervals and P values were calculated to assess the statistical significance between the groups.For comfort and speed data,univariate multi-level analysis was performed,and for outcome variables with significant between group differences,multi-level multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate any confounding effects of gender and age.RESULTS Ninety-four participants were included in the final analysis(drop-out rate=11%).Comfort and speed from 940 runs and 978 injury data reports were analysed.Participants who ran with orthotics reported,on average,speeds 0.30 mph faster(P=0.20)and comfort scores 1.27 points higher(P≤0.001)than participants who ran with no orthotics.They were also 2.22 times less likely to sustain an injury(P=0.08)than participants who ran with no orthotics.However,findings were only significant for comfort and not for speed or injury rates.Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of comfort.However,the improvements in comfort reported by participants who ran with orthotics were still significant after adjusting for age and gender.CONCLUSION This study found orthotics to improve comfort and speed and prevent RRIs whilst running.However,these findings were only statistically significant for comfort.

Free running period affected by network structures of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons exposed to constant light

Exposed to the natural light-dark cycle,24 h rhythms exist in behavioral and physiological processes of living beings.Interestingly,under constant darkness or constant light,living beings can maintain a robust endogenous rhythm with a free running period(FRP)close to 24 h.In mammals,the circadian rhythm is coordinated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)of the brain,which is composed of about twenty thousand self-oscillating neurons.These SCN neurons form a heterogenous network to output a robust rhythm.Thus far,the exact network topology of the SCN neurons is unknown.In this article,we examine the effect of the SCN network structure on the FRP when exposed to constant light by a Poincare model.Four typical network structures are considered,including a nearest-neighbor coupled network,a Newman-Watts small world network,an Erd¨os-Renyi random network and a Barabasi-Albert(BA)scale free network.The results show that the FRP is longest in the BA network,because the BA network is characterized by the most heterogeneous structure among these four types of networks.These findings are not affected by the average node degree of the SCN network or the value of relaxation rate of the SCN neuronal oscillators.Our findings contribute to the understanding of how the network structure of the SCN neurons influences the FRP.

Pile Running in Layered Soils

This paper presents a case study on incidents of offshore pile running in layered soils.The study provides a detailed description of the seabed soil data,pile driving records,and field surveillance video observations.Three-dimensional large deformation finite element(LDFE)analyses were conducted to retrospectively analyze the incidents,considering the remoulding of seabed soil and degradation of the pile-soil interface in the LDFE modeling.By comparing the field observations with the LDFE analysis,the mechanism of pile running was discussed,with a focus on investigating the pile penetration resistance in each layer.The study revealed that pile running in layered soils primarily resulted from a significant reduction in pile base resistance when transitioning from a strong layer to an adjacent weak layer.To further investigate the pile running mechanism in layered soils,a parametric study on the strength variation of adjacent soil layers and its influence on pile base resistance was conducted.Lastly,a simplified prediction model of pile base resistance,suitable for assessing the risk of pile running in layered soils,was proposed.

基于管柱动力学的特深井通井组合刚度评价方法与应用

我国特深井钻井正处于快速发展阶段,受井眼尺寸大和深度深的影响,钻井过程中极易出现微井斜、扩径缩径和井壁台阶等,导致套管下入困难,因此通井钻具组合评价尤为重要。目前,现场使用的评价方法常忽略了管柱下入过程中与井壁的碰撞和变形,导致通井效果时好时坏。为了辅助现场施工,文章基于全井管柱动力学模型和HHT-α数值计算方法提出了一种能够模拟管柱下入的动态过程的通井钻具组合的评价方法,该方法考虑了实测井眼轨迹、井眼扩大率和下入阻力等要素。通过某特深井三开下套管前的钻具组合进行实例计算分析,表明井眼扩大率和套管串下入阻力对通井能力和套管下入影响较大,当井眼扩大率较小且套管串下入阻力较大时,需要使用刚度较大的多扶正器通井钻具组合。本方法可以实现实测井况条件下比较精准的刚度对比模拟,也成功指导了案例井?486 mm套管的安全下入。

基于空间自相关的常规城市公交车辆危险驾驶热点路段识别

为了获得公交危险驾驶状态的空间分布特征,采用空间自相关性分析方法,识别危险驾驶状态的空间集聚性,确定危险驾驶状态热点路段,并对显著性影响因素进行分析。首先,采集4个季度各1周公交车辆卫星定位数据样本,修复重复数据、异常数据和缺失数据,并以公交站点为节点划分空间区段,对每个区段进行编号;接着,将速度过快、急加速、急减速和急转弯确定为危险驾驶状态,参照车辆运动学特性获得4种危险驾驶状态阈值,并计算4种危险驾驶状态的统计学指标和全局莫兰指数,结果表明,公交车辆危险驾驶状态具有空间集聚性(空间随机分布概率p<0.01,标准差得分值Z>2.58),速度过快状态(全局莫兰指数为0.731)的空间集聚性最为显著;然后,分别对4种危险驾驶状态进行局部空间自相关性分析,绘制了90%、95%和99%置信度下的莫兰散点图和Lisa集聚图,结合城市地图,获得危险驾驶状态的热点路段;最后,选取路段长度、车道数、平直度等9个指标,对比分析了OLS模型、SLE模型、SEM模型和SDM模型的拟合优度,采用SDM模型获得4种危险驾驶状态的显著性影响因素。文中研究结果可为公交车辆危险驾驶状态空间识别、精细化安全运行管理提供理论依据。

复杂结构井旋转下套管数学模型建立与分析

随着复杂结构井钻井技术发展,井斜角和方位角随着井深复杂变化引起常规套管下入方式难度大,旋转下套管技术可有效解决套管下入的难题,但该方面的理论模拟分析报道较少,增加了旋转下套管技术应用的盲目性和低效性。综合运用软杆和刚杆模型的优点并考虑井眼轨迹对模型计算条件影响,建立了旋转下套管数学模型;结合实例井对比了大钩载荷和模拟的轴向应力,验证了模型的正确性;在此基础上,探讨了常规和不同旋转速度下套管的摩阻,并分析了不同摩阻系数条件下的摩阻分布特征。实例分析表明:相同井深下,旋转下套管摩阻小于常规下套管摩阻,并且旋转速度越快,下套管摩阻越小;当旋转速度分别为15 r/min和20 r/min时,井底处摩阻降低幅度分别为12.13%和19.17%;造斜率越大,摩阻越高,导致套管下入到指定深度难度加大;钻井液摩阻系数越大,套管下入难度越高;在井深1 401.5 m,裸眼段摩阻系数分别为0.21和0.29,常规下套管摩阻分别为46.51 kN和57.49 kN。该模型能准确预测下套管摩阻,对复杂结构井的套管下入具有指导意义。

产教融合视域下行业协会举办职业教育的动因、问题及策略

随着职业教育逐步转向社会多元办学的发展格局,作为产教之间枢纽的行业协会,在职业教育发展中的地位日益得到重视。行业协会举办职业教育是职业教育融合发展的新路径,是产业与教育高质量同频共振发展的枢纽,但是现实中还存在政策法规不完善、组织结构不健全、办学功能不充分等制约因素,直接影响行业协会举办职业教育的作用发挥。因此,政府和行业协会应同向发力,通过完善政策法规,保障行业协会办学权利;健全治理体系,激发行业协会办学活力;创新举办形式,构建多元共商决策机制,使行业协会成为职业教育多元办学的生力军之一。

环境温度对TATB/RDX传爆药起爆及驱动性能的影响

为了获得环境温度对TATB/RDX传爆药起传爆性能及驱动性能的影响特性,采用激光多普勒测速技术及瞬态太赫兹波多普勒干涉测速技术,对TATB/RDX传爆药在隔层起爆条件下的起爆、传播及驱动性能开展实验研究,获取了-45~70℃温度环境中TATB/RDX传爆药的到爆轰距离、爆轰反应区时间宽度、爆轰传播速度及驱动飞片的飞行速度曲线。结果表明:TATB/RDX传爆药的到爆轰距离及爆轰反应区时间宽度随环境温度的降低均近乎呈线性增长趋势;爆轰传播速度随环境温度的降低而逐渐提高;驱动飞片的速度随环境温度的变化特性在飞片主体-层裂层融合前后存在明显不同。

基于RUN-XGBoost算法的土石坝渗流预测模型

针对传统土石坝渗流预测模型存在局部最优、抗干扰性差和预测精度低等问题,通过RUN算法优化XGBoost算法得到RUN-XGBoost算法,构建了RUN-XGBoost模型以获得更优的土石坝渗流预测结果。该模型在种群初始化时采用RUN算法对XGBoost算法的3个主要参数进行改进,使预测结果有较高的有效性;通过自动寻找最优参数增进算法的整体收敛速度和预测精度,同时引入随机解,使算法能够排除局部最小值并继续搜索,从而获得全局最优结果。工程实例验证结果表明,RUN-XGBoost模型具有简洁、高效、预测精度高、鲁棒性强等优点。

软件工程学术型硕士研究生培养方案优化与实践

在智能化时代背景下对高水平软件人才培养方案进行优化与实践,提升学术型硕士研究生综合能力以应对智能化时代日益复杂的现实问题,从而满足软件研发对人才能力和素质的要求。通过优化培养方案,构建人工智能与软件工程学科相结合的课程新体系,将科技项目研究融汇于研究生培养过程中;强化培养重点环节的管理与考核,促进研究生的学术成果产出,突出学校育人特色;亟需明确软件工程学科建设目标、改进人才培养方案、合理设置课程、与科研项目相结合,使得学科成果可满足软件领域卓越人才培养的需求。

浅析云南乌铜走银传统手工艺在文创包装中的传承运用

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