Pre-Compensation for Continuous-Path Running Trajectory Error in High-Speed Machining of Parts with Varied Curvature Features

Parts with varied curvature features play increasingly critical roles in engineering, and are often machined under high-speed continuous-path running mode to ensure the machining efficiency. However, the continuous-path running trajectory error is significant during high-feed-speed machining, which seriously restricts the machining precision for such parts with varied curvature features. In order to reduce the continuous-path running trajectory error without sacrificing the machining efficiency, a pre-compensation method for the trajectory error is proposed. Based on the formation mechanism of the continuous-path running trajectory error analyzed, this error is estimated in advance by approximating the desired toolpath with spline curves. Then, an iterative error pre-compensation method is presented. By machining with the regenerated toolpath after pre-compensation instead of the uncompensated toolpath, the continuous-path running trajectory error can be effectively decreased without the reduction of the feed speed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed pre-compensation method, a heart curve toolpath that possesses varied curvature features is employed. Experimental results indicate that compared with the uncompensated processing trajectory, the maximum and average machining errors for the pre-compensated processing trajectory are reduced by 67.19% and 82.30%, respectively. An easy to implement solution for high efficiency and high precision machining of the parts with varied curvature features is provided.

Change in stature by walking and running at a preferred transition speed

This study aimed to measure stature changes during and after walking and running at a preferred transition speed (PTS) and the recovery period, and to examine differences caused by loads imposed on the spinal column. Seven males and three females aged 22-41 years took part in this study. Subjects The subjects underwent 15 minutes of walking or running on a treadmill in a random order. Stature changes were measured during each exercise at intervals of 5 minutes and after a 20 minute standing recovery period within units of 0.01 mm. Two- way ANOVA revealed that both main factors, gait (F = 5.250, P < 0.05) and elapsed time (F = 14.409, P < 0.05), had a significant effect on stature. In the post hoc test, stature shrank with time and its loss was found to be greater in running than in walking, but recovered after both exercises. In conclusion, the spinal load increases with time during both walking and running at PTS, but is greater in running than in walking. After both exercises, spinal shrinkage shows a similar recovery process and recovers faster in walking to its pre-exercise level.

A method to refine the start-up scheme of compression and refrigeration systems in ethylene plants via dynamic simulation

Starting the cracking gas compressor and precooling the refrigeration system are keys to start-up of an ethylene plant and accounts for up to 50% of the total start-up time and plant flare emissions. Premature feeding of cracking furnaces can be avoided if the cracking gas compressor is started and the refrigeration system is precooled in advance using mixed gas as the start-up working medium(SWM). Start-up scenario with mixed gas as SWM could significantly reduce the emission loss and shorten the precooling time. Research shows that making appropriate start-up scheme is important not only to ensure operational safety and feasibility, but also to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a method is proposed to select suitable start-up operational parameters of compression and refrigeration system with sufficient safe operating ranges and short precooling time. The complex interrelation among key parameters of start-up is analyzed. It is found that higher energy consumption, especially for super high-pressure steam(SS), can promote operational safety and shorten the precooling time during start-up.Based on steady-state and dynamic simulation, appropriate operating parameter ranges are determined with reasonable SS consumption. A real case study demonstrates that an appropriate start-up scheme will optimize the operation.

两级模糊神经网络在高速列车ATO系统中的应用研究

列车自动驾驶系统(ATO)作为替代司机、实现铁路运输自动化的重要设备,受到国内外铁路科技工作者的广泛关注,它的性能关系到铁路运输系统的安全和效率。一种高效的高速列车控制方法可以很好地满足人们对高速铁路"安全、正点、舒适和快捷"的要求。由于模糊神经网络具有自动提取经验和进行推理的特点,在前人研究的基础上,本文用两级模糊神经网络对高速列车运行过程进行控制。参照当前列车运行速度、线路状况、列车编组、列车时刻表、距目标点距离以及目标点所允许的速度,前一子网模拟优秀司机的操纵可获得在当前状态下应采取的最佳列车运行工况,后一子网根据运行工况、线路状况、列车在线路上位置、列车编组、列车时刻表、距目标点距离和目标点允许速度,得到列车在该工况及当前条件下的运行速度。仿真实验结果表明该方法正确有效,达到了期望的效果。

汽车起动电机CAT的研制

本文介绍了一个曲型的机电一体化产品－汽车起动电机的计算机辅助测试（ＣＡＴ）系统它能完成二十多种汽车起动电机的空载转速、堵转转矩、小开关吸合和释放电压的测试系统硬件由六块模板组成．软件由ＰＬＭ／５１单片机程序设计语言编制系统的机械伺服机构，可以实现对二十多种不同形状的电机定位。

提高MATLAB速度的方法

介绍科学计算软件MATLAB的几则使用技巧,对加快启动速度和提高运行速度有重要的参考价值。

The Effect of Body Pitching on Leg-Spring Behavior in Quadruped Running

In this paper we investigated how the running speed would affect the dynamics of body pitching, and whether body inertiais important for animals. Passive trotting of spring-mass model and passive bounding of spring-beam model were studied atdifferent speeds for different sets of body parameters respectively. Furthermore, different body inertias were used in bounding.We found that running speed exerts effect on leg performance by means of centrifugal force. The centrifugal force can be understoodas an enhancement to the natural frequency of the spring-mass system. The disadvantage of body pitching may beoffset by the great increase in centrifugal force at high speed. The results also reveal that body mass distribution might not be themain reason for the difference in maximal running speeds of different animals.

ATS仿真系统模拟列车运行模块的设计与实现

提出了一种基于定时器的模拟列车运行模块的设计和实现。重点介绍了模拟列车运行模块的列车状态判断、列车速度调整、列车位置刷新各个组成部分。

Suction characteristics of a thick material pump at high concentrations of coal slime

A test system was designed to study the parameters affecting the volumetric efficiency of a thick-material pump for coal slime.The parameters studied included solid concentration,the slenderness ratio of the suction cylinder and the running speed of the hydraulic cylinder.In the experiment the concentrations of coal slime were 75.7%,76.3%,74.4%,73.5%,72.1%and 70.63%;the running speeds were 0.23,0.18,0.13,0.10 and 0.08 m/s;and the slenderness ratios of the suction cylinder were 1.63,2.26,2.88,3.50,4.13,4.78 and 5.38.The results show that the suction volumetric efficiency decreases gradually with an increase in material concentration.The critical concentration value is 72%;below 72%the suction volumetric efficiency is above 90%,otherwise it decreases rapidly.When the solid concentration reaches 76.3%,the suction volumetric efficiency is only 40%.When the running speed of the piston is less than or equal to 0.23 m/s,the suction volumetric efficiency increases with an increase in running speed.

Performance Analysis of Composite Magnetic Circuit Permanent Magnet Wind Generator

In order to reduce the starting wind speed of the wind wheel and improve the efficiency of the wind wheel, this paper proposes a new type of composite magnetic circuit permanent magnet generator, which changes the relationship between the magnetic induction intensity and the air gap by changing the structure of the main magnetic circuit. The structure greatly improves the air gap sensitivity of the generator, which makes the structural design of the permanent magnet generator easier to implement. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified by simulation.

基于MATLAB的高速公路车辆违章占道分析及预警系统

系统通过MATLAB的图像处理功能对摄像头拍摄的视频图像进行处理,采用基于面积检测的背景差分法识别车辆位置,运用霍夫变化和卡尔曼滤波处理得到图像中路段的车道线,进而判断车辆所处车道。运用帧间差分法准确测出车辆速度,结合高速公路行车规定,即可判断出车辆是否处于违规占道行驶状态。系统可以识别违规车辆的车牌号,结合设定的LED屏幕,以提醒驾驶员采取措施,避免造成交通事故。

Numerical simulation of transient flow performance during different periods in centrifugal pumpNumerical simulation of transient flow performance during different periods in centrifugal pump

The instantaneous variations of the hydraulic characteristics take place in centrifugal pumps during their start-up,shutdown and other variable speed operations.In this paper,the variable speed method was proposed to simulate the transient internal flow field and the external performance of the pump during starting and stopping periods.The terms of accelerations due to variable speeds in the flow governing equations were analyzed in a multiple reference of frame(MRF).A transient CFD simulation was performed for a typical centrifugal pump by using ANSYS-CFX with the standard k-εturbulence model.The entire simulation process was composed of four stages:start-up,normal run,shutdown and post-shutdown.The function of rotating speed with regard to time was set by CEL language directly into the impeller domain in the pre-processor of the software to conduct variable speed simulation.The variations of the flow field in the centrifugal pump were obtained from the transient simulation.The changing laws of flow rate,head and other performance parameters over time were also analyzed and summarized.

Dissociative decline of spatial learning and recall with aging in male CD-1 mice

On aging, spatial memory declines to some degree in both, rodents and humans. It is unknown, however, whether aging brings about a decline of encoding and retrieval of spatial information in parallel. The present study examined spatial encoding and retrieval in male CD-1 mice at 4, 9, and 12 months of age in a complex dry-land maze. The total time to reach the goal zone was age-dependent favoring mice at 4 months of age. We showed previously that moving time represents encoding of spatial information and resting time represents recall of previously learned spatial information. The average moving time decreased from 69.8 ± 5.3 s (mean ± SEM), 69.7 ± 8.0 s, and 78.9 ± 4.9 s to 17.0 ± 2.3 s (p < 0.001 ), 24.7 ± 2.7 s (p < 0.001), and 31.0 ± 3.5 s (p < 0.001) at 4, 9, and 12 months of age, respectively. The average resting time decreased from 34.9 ± 5.6 s, 22.2 ± 4.2 s, and 41.7 ± 5.3 s to 3.6 ± 1.2 s (p < 0.001), 5.3 ± 1.8 s (p = 0.009), and 22.7 ± 4.9 s (p = 0.007) at 4, 9, and 12 months of age, respectively. We conclude that age-related deficits of spatial memory in mice manifest with an encoding deficit prior to a retrieval deficit.

The dynamic running law study on driving system of hydraulic winder

Dynamic running law of the hydraulic driving system decides the hoisting cage velocity curve in a hoisting cycle and is decided by the characteristic of the hydraulic driving system and by the operating speed of hoist driver. The paper studies the dynamic running law of hydraulic driving system, analyses the influence of driver operating speed on the dynamic running characteristic, and points out the reasonable driver operating speed to control the dynamic stress in rope and to reduce the oscillation of rope system.

New-type Wound-rotor asynchronous motors Started by harmonics

Ⅰ. Preface Starting is one of the important topics of asynchronous mo-tors. Varied methods over a long period of time for improving thestarting characteristics of the asynchronous motors had beenadopted by domestic and foreign electrical engineers. The methodswhich innovate on the internal structure of the electrical motors soas to improve the starting characteristics fall into two kinds. The firstone is to change the structure of the stator winding of the motors, forinstance, the "star-delta" starting, the "prolonged side triangle"

Automated Traffic Enforcement： Responding to the Critics

In many countries, traffic volumes and the number of drivers are rising faster than the availability of police officers whose routine duties include traffic law enforcement. Automated traffic enforcement, which produces photographic evidence of vehicles detected speeding or running red lights, can be used to supplement traditional enforcement. In the United States and Canada, a number of individuals and organizations have been very vocal in their opposition to automated traffic enforcement. They argue that automated enforcement programs are unnecessary for improving road safety, that they unfairly target relatively good drivers, and that they are motivated by revenue generation rather than safety. These arguments, however, often ignore the numerous peer-reviewed studies that have found real-world benefits in communities that use automated enforcement---cameras deter would-be violators, reduce crashes, and save lives. Solid, published research by a number of experts demonstrates that red light cameras save lives, and speed cameras substantially reduce speeding and speed-related crashes. Surveys of drivers and other road users indicate widespread support for automated enforcement. With regard to fairness, the objective of photo enforcement is to deter violations, not to surreptitiously catch violators. The more public the enforcement is, the better. If anything, automated enforcement programs improve fairness by reducing the potential for prejudicial enforcement. Finally, photo enforcement is intended to improve traffic safety by modifying the driver behaviors that lead to crashes, and it is reasonable to expect that people who break the law should pay for enforcing it. Ticket revenue should decline overtime as the cameras succeed in deterring would-be speeders and red light runners. This paper provides research-based responses to the critics＇ arguments as well as best practice guidelines for effective automated enforcement programs.

Off and Running

Ye Wei's New Year was quite lit erally off to a running start.The 35-year old,who works at a state owned enterprise in Xiamen,southeast China's Fujian Province,came 12th among Chinese runners at the 2019 Xia men Marathon on January 6,clocking his personal best time of 2 hours 29 minutes. It Showed how much his physical fitness has improved.The first time he took p a:rt in 2003.he couldn't even finish the marathon.

基于多传感数据融合的变速运行齿轮异常振动故障诊断

变速运行齿轮异常振动故障诊断性能过差会增加汽车维护成本,缩短齿轮使用寿命。为了及时识别齿轮故障,保证汽车变速器总成具有良好的振动特性,提出基于多传感数据融合的变速运行齿轮异常振动故障诊断方法。通过分析多传感器数据融合技术,掌握变速运行齿轮异常振动故障诊断的理论框架,并以此为基础,参考传感器融合模块、特征级并行多神经网络局部诊断模块和终端分类模块,结合变分模态分解、多通道加权融合和单隐层前馈神经网络训练算法,从信号采集、信号特征提取和信号特征分类3个步骤实现变速运行齿轮异常振动故障诊断。实验结果表明:在齿轮发生轻度磨损时,磨损振动信号的幅值在20~40 mV之间,磨损振动信号的频率在0~4000 Hz区间;中度磨损时,信号的幅值在30~55 mV之间,信号频率在3000~7000 Hz区间;重度磨损时,信号幅值在50~70 mV之间,信号频率在6000~12000 Hz区间,且各阶段诊断结果均与故障程度的实际转折点吻合。由此可知在各样本数量均相同的情况下,提出的故障诊断方法预测值与真实值均相同,故障程度和故障类型的诊断性能均较好。

优秀男子短距离速度滑冰运动员起跑技术的运动学特征及训练启示

目的:起跑是决定短距离速度滑冰运动成绩的关键技术,基于AI三维动作捕捉系统探究该项目起跑技术的运动学特征。方法:以国内8名高水平男子短距离速度滑冰运动员为测试对象,测试起跑预备姿势、起动和疾跑前6步的时间、空间、角度和速度参数。结果:1)时间参数中起动时是决定起跑实效性的核心指标(r=0.951),反应时和单步时间次之;2)空间位置参数中起动结束后的步幅、疾跑第2步和第4步的步幅与步宽以及疾跑第5步和第6步的身体重心高度与起跑实效性表现出高负相关(r>|0.5|),HCOM/H表现出起动过程略有降低,疾跑第1步迅速升高而后趋于平稳;3)空间角速参数中后稳定角、起动和疾跑初期蹬冰角、躯干角与起跑实效性表现出高正相关(r>0.5),膝角的蹬伸幅度在93°~148°变化;4)起动和疾跑前4步的速度与起跑实效性表现出高负相关(r>|0.5|),速度达到6.79 m/s时出现从滑跑向滑行技术转化过渡点。结论:起跑表现出“单侧发力、多向运动、非稳定支撑”的动作模式特征,疾跑第5~6步是从滑跑向滑行技术的过渡期。启示:陆冰结合训练中加强快速反应能力与动作速度训练,静力性力量、快速力量与爆发力训练,平衡与稳定控制能力训练,最佳动作协同模式训练以及下肢肌肉韧带刚性训练,有助于提升起跑运动表现。

风流扰动下露天矿土质路面粉尘运移规律研究

为降低露天矿土质路面粉尘质量浓度,提高清洁生产水平,采用气固两相流理论,建立粉尘颗粒起动模型,分析粉尘起动风速及变化规律,利用实验研究进行验证,并确立粉尘运移规律以及运动形式,选取正交实验极差分析各因素对起尘量影响显著性。研究结果表明:粉尘起动风速与粉尘粒径、含水率、负荷均有函数关系;起尘量在粒径、含水率、负荷、风速4种因素下呈现不同变化规律,与粒径、风速均呈非线性关系,与含水率呈负相关,与粉尘负荷呈正相关,影响显著性为:粒径>负荷>风速>含水率;粉尘运动形式与风速和粒径相关,在5 m/s风速下,(0,75]μm粒径粉尘易做悬浮运动,(75,500]μm粒径粉尘易做跳跃运动,(500,1000]μm粒径粉尘易做蠕移运动。研究结果可为降尘措施提供理论指导。