Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

A novel refined dynamic model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system for random vibration and running safety assessment

Running safety assessment and tracking irregularity parametric sensitivity analysis of high-speed maglev train-bridge system are of great concern,especially need perfect refinement models in which all properties can be well characterized based on various stochastic excitations.A three-dimensional refined spatial random vibration analysis model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system is established in this paper,in which multi-source uncertainty excitation can be considered simultaneously,and the probability density evolution method(PDEM)is adopted to reveal the system-specific uncertainty dynamic characteristic.The motion equation of the maglev vehicle model is composed of multi-rigid bodies with a total 210-degrees of freedom for each vehicle,and a refined electromagnetic force-air gap model is used to account for the interaction and coupling effect between the moving train and track beam bridges,which are directly established by using finite element method.The model is proven to be applicable by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation.By applying the proposed stochastic framework to the high maglev line,the random dynamic responses of maglev vehicles running on the bridges are studied for running safety and stability assessment.Moreover,the effects of track irregularity wavelength range under different amplitude and running speeds on the coupled system are investigated.The results show that the augmentation of train speed will move backward the sensitive wavelength interval,and track irregularity amplitude influences the response remarkably in the sensitive interval.

Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running

Background:Foot kinematics,such as excessive eversion and malalignment of the hindfoot,are believed to be associated with running-related injuries.The maj ority of studies to date show that different foot strike patterns influence these specific foot and ankle kinematics.However,technical deficiencies in traditional motion capture approaches limit knowledge of in vivo joint kinematics with respect to rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns(RFS and FFS,respectively).This study uses a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)to determine the effects of different foot strike patterns on 3D in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joints kinematics.Methods:Fifteen healthy male recreational runners underwent foot computed tomography scanning for the construction of 3-dimensional models.A high-speed DFIS(100 Hz)was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom kinematics for participants’tibiotalar and subtalar joints when they adopted RFS and FFS in barefoot condition.Results:Compared with RFS,FFS exhibited greater internal rotation at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint.The peak internal rotation angle of the tibiotalar joint under FFS was greater than under RFS(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.92).RFS showed more dorsiflexion at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint than FFS.RFS also presented a larger anterior translation(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=1.28)in the subtalar joint at i nitial contact than FFS.Conclusion:Running with acute barefoot FFS increases the internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint in the early stance.The use of high-speed DFIS to quantify the movement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint was critical to revealing the effects of RF S and FFS during running.

SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote areas.So far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural areas.SHSs have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating activities.The current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case study.The renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that village.The generation capacity is estimated based on the load profile.The microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum cost.By analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public utility.The microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to customers.By considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

Safety of the express freight train running over a long-span bridge

Purpose-Express freight transportation is in rapid development currently.Owing to the higher speed of express freight train,the deformation of the bridge deck worsens the railway line condition under the action of wind and train moving load when the train runs over a long-span bridge.Besides,the blunt car body of vehicle has poor aerodynamic characteristics,bringing a greater challenge on the running stability in the crosswind.Design/methodology/approach-In this study,the aerodynamic force coefficients of express freight vehicles on the bridge are measured by scale model wind tunnel test.The dynamic model of the train-long-span steel truss bridge coupling system is established,and the dynamic response as well as the running safety of vehicle are evaluated.Findings-The results show that wind speed has a significant influence on running safety,which is mainly reflected in the over-limitation of wheel unloading rate.The wind speed limit decreases with train speed,and it reduces to 18.83 m/s when the train speed is 160 km/h.Originality/value-This study deepens the theoretical understanding of the interaction between vehicles and bridges and proposes new methods for analyzing similar engineering problems.It also provides a new theoretical basis for the safety assessment of express freight trains.

Review of Research on English Translation of Chinese Running Sentences

In order to convey complete meanings,there is a phenomenon in Chinese of using multiple running sentences.Xu Jingning(2023,p.66)states,“In communication,a complete expression of meaning often requires more than one clause,which is common in human languages.”Domestic research on running sentences includes discussions on defining the concept and structural features of running sentences,sentence properties,sentence pattern classifications and their criteria,as well as issues related to translating running sentences into English.This article primarily focuses on scholarly research into the English translation of running sentences in China,highlighting recent achievements and identifying existing issues in the study of running sentence translation.However,by reviewing literature on the translation of running sentences,it is found that current research in the academic community on non-core running sentences is limited.Therefore,this paper proposes relevant strategies to address this issue.

Free running period affected by network structures of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons exposed to constant light

Exposed to the natural light-dark cycle,24 h rhythms exist in behavioral and physiological processes of living beings.Interestingly,under constant darkness or constant light,living beings can maintain a robust endogenous rhythm with a free running period(FRP)close to 24 h.In mammals,the circadian rhythm is coordinated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)of the brain,which is composed of about twenty thousand self-oscillating neurons.These SCN neurons form a heterogenous network to output a robust rhythm.Thus far,the exact network topology of the SCN neurons is unknown.In this article,we examine the effect of the SCN network structure on the FRP when exposed to constant light by a Poincare model.Four typical network structures are considered,including a nearest-neighbor coupled network,a Newman-Watts small world network,an Erd¨os-Renyi random network and a Barabasi-Albert(BA)scale free network.The results show that the FRP is longest in the BA network,because the BA network is characterized by the most heterogeneous structure among these four types of networks.These findings are not affected by the average node degree of the SCN network or the value of relaxation rate of the SCN neuronal oscillators.Our findings contribute to the understanding of how the network structure of the SCN neurons influences the FRP.

Pile Running in Layered Soils

This paper presents a case study on incidents of offshore pile running in layered soils.The study provides a detailed description of the seabed soil data,pile driving records,and field surveillance video observations.Three-dimensional large deformation finite element(LDFE)analyses were conducted to retrospectively analyze the incidents,considering the remoulding of seabed soil and degradation of the pile-soil interface in the LDFE modeling.By comparing the field observations with the LDFE analysis,the mechanism of pile running was discussed,with a focus on investigating the pile penetration resistance in each layer.The study revealed that pile running in layered soils primarily resulted from a significant reduction in pile base resistance when transitioning from a strong layer to an adjacent weak layer.To further investigate the pile running mechanism in layered soils,a parametric study on the strength variation of adjacent soil layers and its influence on pile base resistance was conducted.Lastly,a simplified prediction model of pile base resistance,suitable for assessing the risk of pile running in layered soils,was proposed.

Does orthotics use improve comfort,speed,and injury rate during running?A randomised control trial

BACKGROUND Running is a hugely popular sport.Unfortunately,running-related injury(RRI)rates are high,particularly amongst amateur and recreational runners.Finding ways to reduce RRI rates and maximise comfort and performance for runners is important.Evidence regarding whether orthotics can successfully improve these parameters is limited and contradicting.Further research is required to provide runners with clearer guidance on the usefulness of orthotics.AIM To investigate the effect of Aetrex Orthotics on comfort,speed and RRI rates during recreational running.METHODS One hundred and six recreational runners were recruited on a voluntary basis via running clubs and social media pages and randomised into either the intervention or control group.Participants in the intervention group ran with Aetrex L700 Speed Orthotics inserted in their usual running shoes,whilst participants in the control group ran in their usual running shoes with no orthotics.The study ran for an 8-wk period.Participants provided data relating to running comfort,distance,and time during weeks 3-6.Participants provided data relating to any RRIs they sustained during all 8 wks.Running distance and time were used to calculate running speed in miles per hour(mph).For each outcome variable,95%confidence intervals and P values were calculated to assess the statistical significance between the groups.For comfort and speed data,univariate multi-level analysis was performed,and for outcome variables with significant between group differences,multi-level multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate any confounding effects of gender and age.RESULTS Ninety-four participants were included in the final analysis(drop-out rate=11%).Comfort and speed from 940 runs and 978 injury data reports were analysed.Participants who ran with orthotics reported,on average,speeds 0.30 mph faster(P=0.20)and comfort scores 1.27 points higher(P≤0.001)than participants who ran with no orthotics.They were also 2.22 times less likely to sustain an injury(P=0.08)than participants who ran with no orthotics.However,findings were only significant for comfort and not for speed or injury rates.Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of comfort.However,the improvements in comfort reported by participants who ran with orthotics were still significant after adjusting for age and gender.CONCLUSION This study found orthotics to improve comfort and speed and prevent RRIs whilst running.However,these findings were only statistically significant for comfort.

韩国综艺节目《Running man》的跨文化传播特色及启示

《Running man》是韩国SBS电视台于2010年7月11日开播的全新游戏类综艺节目,节目播出已有3年。新颖的节目形式、趣味的游戏内容以及主持人的精彩演出等因素使得节目收视率节节攀升,不仅在韩国备受瞩目,而且在亚洲集聚了不少人气。本文拟探讨作为载体的《Running man》是如何传播韩国文化的,在传播的过程中又形成了哪些特色,让受众尤其是海外国家的受众乐于接受这种不同文化,以期对我国综艺节目甚至文化传播活动带来一些启发。

电视真人秀节目《Running Man》的叙事策略

本文以《奔跑吧兄弟》的母版节目——《Running Man》作为研究对象,从人物、情节和游戏三个篇章对其叙事上的技巧和策略进行分析。登峰造极的无主角叙事策略、别开生面的情节化叙事和形神俱佳的游戏都是其叙事魅力的来源,也是值得我国同类节目参考和学习的诀窍所在。

探析韩国综艺游戏类节目特色——以《running man》为例

近年来,"韩流"从四面八方来袭。从对韩国明星的着迷到韩国电视剧在我国掀起热潮,再到现在韩国的综艺节目受到我国年轻人的追捧。韩国电视综艺节目在整个亚洲受到关注,自有其研究价值,对于我国的综艺节目有一定的借鉴意义。笔者将以韩国典型的综艺游戏节目入手分析其节目特色。

A novel small-animal locomotor activity recording device for biological clock research

The rodent running-wheel recording apparatus is a reliable approach for studying cir-cadian rhythm.This study demonstrated how to construct a simple and intelligent running-wheel recording system.The running wheel was attached to the cage's base,whereas the Hall sensor was attached to the cage's cover.Then,the RJ25 adaptor relayed the running signal to the main control board.Finally,the main control board was connected to the USB port of the computer with the USB connection.Data were collected using the online-accessible,self-created software Magturning.Through Magturning,generated data were saved and exported in real time.Afterward,the device was validated by collecting data on the locomotor activities of mice under dif-ferent light conditions.In conclusion,this new device can record circadian activity of rodents.Our device is appropriate for interdisciplinary investigations related to biological clock research.

Fortifying Smart Grids: A Holistic Assessment Strategy against Cyber Attacks and Physical Threats for Intelligent Electronic Devices

Intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)are interconnected via communication networks and play pivotal roles in transmitting grid-related operational data and executing control instructions.In the context of the heightened security challenges within smart grids,IEDs pose significant risks due to inherent hardware and software vulner-abilities,as well as the openness and vulnerability of communication protocols.Smart grid security,distinct from traditional internet security,mainly relies on monitoring network security events at the platform layer,lacking an effective assessment mechanism for IEDs.Hence,we incorporate considerations for both cyber-attacks and physical faults,presenting security assessment indicators and methods specifically tailored for IEDs.Initially,we outline the security monitoring technology for IEDs,considering the necessary data sources for their security assessment.Subsequently,we classify IEDs and establish a comprehensive security monitoring index system,incorporating factors such as running states,network traffic,and abnormal behaviors.This index system contains 18 indicators in 3 categories.Additionally,we elucidate quantitative methods for various indicators and propose a hybrid security assessment method known as GRCW-hybrid,combining grey relational analysis(GRA),analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and entropy weight method(EWM).According to the proposed assessment method,the security risk level of IEDs can be graded into 6 levels,namely 0,1,2,3,4,and 5.The higher the level,the greater the security risk.Finally,we assess and simulate 15 scenarios in 3 categories,which are based on monitoring indicators and real-world situations encountered by IEDs.The results show that calculated security risk level based on the proposed assessment method are consistent with actual simulation.Thus,the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed index system and assessment method are validated.

韩国综艺节目《Running Man》特色分析

近年来,我国综艺节目一直被批"僵化、老套、只会模仿",与此同时,韩国的一档游戏类综艺节目《Running Man》不仅在韩国脱颖而出,也在中国大受欢迎,最近在中国pps影音上的评分是9.6,大大超过了《非诚勿扰》、《快乐大本营》以及《康熙来了》等被广泛认同的娱乐节目。《Running Man》能够在韩国众多的综艺节目中名列前茅并在中国受到高度关注,自有其研究价值,本文通过对《Running Man》节目形态和内容的分析,认为节目定位的动作性、节目模式的变化性、环节的悬疑性和内容的文化性等"新型态"特色,是其吸引受众获得成功的重要原因,这对我国综艺节目也极具借鉴意义。

Conservation genomics provides insights into genetic resilience and adaptation of the endangered Chinese hazelnut, Corylus chinensis

Global climate change has increased concerns regarding biodiversity loss.However,many key conservation issues still required further research,including demographic history,deleterious mutation load,adaptive evolution,and putative introgression.Here we generated the first chromosome-level genome of the endangered Chinese hazelnut,Corylus chinensis,and compared the genomic signatures with its sympatric widespread C.kwechowensis-C yunnanensis complex.We found large genome rearrangements across all Corylus species and identified species-specific expanded gene families that may be involved in adaptation.Population genomics revealed that both C.chinensis and the C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex had diverged into two genetic lineages,forming a consistent pattern of southwestern-northern differentiation.Population size of the narrow southwestern lineages of both species have decreased continuously since the late Miocene,whereas the widespread northern lineages have remained stable(C.chinensis) or have even recovered from population bottlenecks(C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex) during the Quaternary.Compared with C.kwechowensis-C. yunnanensis complex,C.chinensis showed significantly lower genomic diversity and higher inbreeding level.However,C.chinensis carried significantly fewer deleterious mutations than C.kwechowensis-C. yunnanensis complex,as more effective purging selection reduced the accumulation of homozygous variants.We also detected signals of positive selection and adaptive introgression in different lineages,which facilitated the accumulation of favorable variants and formation of local adaptation.Hence,both types of selection and exogenous introgression could have mitigated inbreeding and facilitated survival and persistence of C.chinensis.Overall,our study provides critical insights into lineage differentiation,local adaptation,and the potential for future recovery of endangered trees.

Assessment of the Influence of Tunnel Settlement on Operational Performance of Subway Vehicles

In the realm of subway shield tunnel operations,the impact of tunnel settlement on the operational performance of subway vehicles is a crucial concern.This study introduces an advanced analytical model to investigate rail geometric deformations caused by settlement within a vehicle-track-tunnel coupled system.The model integrates the geometric deformations of the track,attributed to settlement,as track irregularities.A novel“cyclic model”algorithm was employed to enhance computational efficiency without compromising on precision,a claim that was rigorously validated.The model’s capability extends to analyzing the time-history responses of vehicles traversing settlement-affected areas.The research primarily focuses on how settlement wavelength,amplitude,and vehicle speed influence operational performance.Key findings indicate that an increase in settlement wavelength can improve vehicle performance,whereas a rise in amplitude can degrade it.The study also establishes settlement thresholds,based on vehicle operation comfort and safety.These insights are pivotal for maintaining and enhancing the safety and efficiency of subway systems,providing a valuable framework for urban infrastructure management and long-term maintenance strategies in metropolitan transit systems.

论中韩竞技类真人秀节目的异同——对比分析《Running man》和《奔跑吧兄弟》

电视真人秀节目,作为一种颠覆传统的娱乐节目形式,从诞生之日起就饱受争议。然而,它饱含的趣味性和参与度却让它的流行趋势势不可挡。本文主要探讨的两档真人秀节目为韩国的《Running man》和国内的《奔跑吧兄弟》,文章中主要对比分析这两档节目的异同点,涵盖节目内容中的嘉宾设置、游戏环节;节目制作中的后期制作和视听效果;以及播出方式、竞技方式和盈利模式等,分析出这两档节目成功的因素,并引申出对我国竞技类真人秀节目的启示。