Factors Determining the Development of Non-cash Payments in Rural Areas in Poland

This article aims at characterization and assessment of the financial behaviors of rural dwellers on non-cash payment markets and identification of factors determining the intensity of using individual methods of payment by the inhabitants of rural areas. The main source of data used for analysis and inference was information originating from the authors＇ own investigations conducted in 2013 on a group of 500 rural households and on a group of 150 trade and service points operating in non-urbanized areas. This work made use of statistical summary measures and Z2 independence test. According to the results of the conducted studies, forms of payment used by rural dwellers depend on many variables, of demographic, economic, and psychological character. Cash payments are more frequently used by persons possessing vocational or secondary education, elderly people, old-age pensioners, annuitants, or households with lower incomes. Also, persons who do not trust financial institutions or do not perceive benefits resulting from the use of non-cash instruments prefer cash. It is a group of households which require urgent educational activities in the area of non-cash payment instruments. A significant barrier to using non-cash payment instruments by rural dwellers was a limited access to non-cash channels. It is connected in the first place with a poorer development of financial infrastructure in rural areas （banks or cash points）, insufficient Internet access conditioning a possibility to use electronic banking points, and also a worse development of credit card acceptance network. As has been demonstrated by the results of conducted studies, the main reason for a lack of point of sale （POS） terminals in retail and service-providing points operating in rural areas, in the opinion of their owners, is the very high interchange fee （50% indications）, which under Polish conditions is one of the highest in the European Union （EU）.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Classification and Spatial Pattern of Rural Multifunction from the Diversify of Construction Land Use:Taking Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as a Case Study

The development of rural area in suburban(RAS)is comprehensively influenced by the mixed processes of non-farming,local urbanization and rural industrialization and has distinctive multifunctional features on the socioeconomic and resource utilization.Multifunctional reconstruction in the RAS is mainly manifested by changes in the quantity and structure of the construction land use(CLU).We took Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as the study case.Following the logic of identifying,clustering,and diagnosing,we assessed the functional features of CLU and analyzed the differentiation of the scale and structure of CLU in RAS,with the aim of identifying the types and characteristics of multifunctional development in these regions.This study found that:1)typical RAS were experiencing multifunctional space reconstruction,and their multifunctional value was emerging and highlighted.The CLU was rapidly expanding,and the types of CLU were evolving from single to multiple uses;2)based on the dominant function of diverse rural CLU,we classified RAS into five types,dominated by the following functions,respectively:commercial services,industrial production,residential living,basic support and public service;3)according to the dominant function and spatial pattern,the development types of RAS were classified into agricultural service,comprehensive services,and integrated industries service,showing a circular spatial pattern from the suburbs to distant suburbs.The results can provide policy implication by creating new development impetus from rural multifunction perspective to promote the RAS revitalization.

Spatio-temporal Dynamic Patterns of Rural Area Development in Eastern Coastal China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of rural area development at the county level in the eastern coastal China. An evaluation index system including 18 factors was developed, and a rural development index (RDI) was constructed to evaluate rural development state in 2000, 2004, and 2008. The quantitative evaluation indicated the following results. 1) This study derived four dominating components by means of principal component analysis, which can explain 78.2% of the total information, namely agricultural production input, the basic condition of agriculture, the comparative effectiveness of grain production, and the household′s own basic conditions. 2) Since the turn of the new millennium, the rural area in the eastern coastal China has experienced a rapid development in general. Well developed, developed, moderately developed and undeveloped rural areas respectively occupied 29.32%, 22.33%, 21.91%, and 10.51% in 2008. 3) The countryside had maintained a sound momentum of developing trend between 2000 and 2008, while the rural development in the eastern coastal China lacked sustainability. And 4) industrialization, urbanization, original economic basis, and location are four major driving forces of the disparity of rural area development in the eastern coastal China. Given these results, the strategies and policies for the improvement of each rural group were put forward.

The Rural Information-based Construction under the Perspective of Expanding Agricultural Industrial Chain

On the basis of expounding connotation and significance of expansion of agricultural industrial chain, coupled with the connotation of rural informatization connotation, this article analyses the role of rural informatization in expanding agricultural industrial chain: it can enhance market competitiveness of industry chain, improve the operational efficiency of industry chain, and promote the income and quality of farmers in industry chain. Under the perspective of expanding agricultural industrial chain, this article puts forwards thinking about the construction of rural informatization as follows: first, give full play to the leading role of the government; second, strengthen the construction of information-based network facility; third, integrate information resources in rural areas, and improve the quality of information; fourth, build comprehensive information service platform in rural areas; fifth, improve organizational level of production and management of individual farmers; sixth, strengthen the construction of information-based personnel in rural areas; seventh, strengthen publicity and training, promote overall cultural quality and information awareness of farmers.

Rural Cultural Construction in the Context of a Harmonious Society

Strengthening rural cultural construction is the objective requirement of building socialist new countryside,is the demand for promoting rural cultural and ethical progress,and is of great significance to promotion of rural economic and social development and building of a moderately prosperous countryside. Rural cultural construction is beset with many problems:( 1) unbalance in development of rural cultural construction;( 2) mistaken ideas in understanding;( 3) negative influence of traditional culture;( 4) negative effect of market economy;( 5)rural education is backward,and science and technology are free from rural production and life. In line with these problems,it comes up with following countermeasures:( 1) bringing government functions into full play;( 2) carrying forward excellent ethnic cultural tradition and learning all outstanding civilization achievements;( 3) enhancing elementary education and energetically developing science and technology;( 4)reinforcing rural democratic and legal construction,and guiding farmers to set up socialist democratic and legal awareness;( 5) stimulating cultural subject awareness of farmers and enhancing their enthusiasm for participation in cultural construction;( 6) cultivating personnel and bringing up a qualified rural cultural backbone team.

Construction of Rural Community Governance Path:Based on the Empirical Analysis of Chaoyang Community in Dazhou,Sichuan

Promoting community governance and service innovation is the theme of the times for comprehensively deepening reforms in the field of community construction.The stability and development of the most basic rural community is another important task of community governance.The current rural social governance work is extremely weak,seriously affecting the process of the entire social governance work.Constructing the path of rural community governance has become an important task for the majority of theoretical workers and grassroots practitioners.Taking Chaoyang Community,Tongchuan District,Dazhou,Sichuan Province as an example,with the goal of creating a community with the rule of law,peace,harmony,beauty and livability,a new model and new path to build community governance is proposed in this article.

美丽乡村建设背景下乡村旅游发展的组态路径研究——以湖南武陵山片区为例

美丽乡村建设是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要衔接点,乡村旅游是美丽乡村建设的重要支撑。本文以湖南武陵山片区为实证靶向,深入剖析乡村旅游的核心作用与溢出效用,基于复杂性理论,综合运用熵权法、NCA和fsQCA等方法,探究美丽乡村建设背景下乡村旅游发展的组态路径。结果表明:一是在美丽乡村建设的背景下,单一变量不构成发展乡村旅游的关键性因素,这给予了“美丽乡村建设背景下各乡村地区发展乡村旅游是否存在不可或缺的发展条件”问题的否定回答;二是通过NCA瓶颈水平分析进一步证实了上述结论,强调向更高水平的乡村旅游发展阶段迈进则需要前因变量相对齐全且配合得当;三是探究出“田园综合体型”“生态氛围突出型”“‘产业+环境’双轮驱动型”三条乡村旅游发展的组态路径,为“何为决定乡村旅游发展的主要条件”提供了科学回答。据此提出促进乡村旅游发展的建议,以助力乡村旅游高质量发展。

乡村振兴背景下数字乡村建设的成就、问题与提升路径

数字乡村建设是乡村振兴的关键环节,也是建设数字中国的重要内容。数字乡村对推进城乡一体化进程,推动农村现代化转型,提升农村治理的智能化,破解乡村振兴难题有着重要的战略意义。数字乡村建设取得了重要成效,主要表现在产业数字化、民生数字化及治理数字化等方面。数字乡村建设面临着以下主要困境:技术性与乡村性不适配、乡村数字人才缺乏以及乡村建设资金短缺。要加强和完善我国数字乡村建设,我国应当进一步加强乡村数字基础设施建设、强化人才队伍建设、建立数字化基金,以促进乡村振兴活力。

基于“两山”理论的秦岭北麓乡村空间营建策略研究

空间营建是秦岭北麓乡村地区“两山”实践的重要保障.研究提出在乡村“资源-资产-资本”的转化过程中,应构建“两环节、三层次、多主体”的“两山”转化空间营建路径:以生态基础培育和多元增值开发为两大空间营建环节,构建“区域→单元→地块”三层次营建体系,建立多主体参与共赢的营建机制.研究以西安鄠邑区为例,梳理其在大都市圈发展背景下“两山”转化的乡村空间营建问题,提出“要素统筹、生境修复、产居转型、有序共建”四方面空间营建策略,形成地域适宜性的绿色共建模式,以期为地区乡村振兴和高质量建设提供借鉴.

数字赋能苏州乡村治理的路径研究

该文通过深入苏州部分乡村,对苏州乡村数字治理的现状进行调查分析,总结苏州乡村数字治理的成效如下,乡村数字化基础设施普及率高、数字乡村治理水平较高、数字乡村管理精细化、城乡数字化融合发展。针对目前数字化技术建设不足、数字乡村治理存在形式主义、农民数字鸿沟、乡村情感关系疏离等现实困境,提出如下对策与建议,提档升级数字化基础设施、培育乡村经济、提升农民数字素养、大力培育新农人,促进数字乡村建设高质量发展。

财政分权对城乡融合发展的影响研究

合理的财政制度安排和财政引导对激发地方活力、推动城乡融合发展进程进而实现乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。研究基于2011—2021年我国省级面板数据,利用全局主成分分析法、建立计量模型,研究财政分权对我国城乡融合发展的影响,及其通过基础设施水平和市场化水平对我国城乡融合发展的中介效应。结果表明:近年来,我国城乡融合发展水平呈上升趋势,但增速缓慢且区域间差异较大;财政分权对城乡融合发展总体来看具有显著的负向影响,并且具有通过抑制基础设施水平提升、引致市场化程度降低从而对城乡融合发展产生不利影响的中介效应,这一结果通过稳健性检验;通过异质性检验发现,财政分权对城乡融合发展的负向效应主要集中在中部地区,对西部区域城乡融合发展表现为显著正向促进作用。深化财政体制改革、完善地方政府绩效考核体系、重视城乡基础设施空间布局、破解阻碍城乡融合发展的制度障碍是推动城乡融合发展的关键举措。

《中国农村的社会主义高潮》对民族地区乡村振兴的启示

在乡村振兴战略实施的背景下,分析《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的史料价值和社会价值,探索农业合作化过程中农村政治工作开展,劳动力资源运用,利益分配制度,农业技术提升,生态文明建设,生产资金筹集、发展规划制定等方面形成的经验及其对民族乡村振兴的借鉴作用,具有重要的现实意义。本研究首先对《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的基本情况进行了概述,呈现了材料案例反映的主要特征;其次通过对《中国农村的社会主义高潮》文献价值和社会价值的梳理,展现了中华人民共和国成立初期乡村建设的实践探索。最后将《中国农村的社会主义高潮》材料案例的经验从产业振兴、组织振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴等五个方面与乡村振兴对标,以解决现阶段民族地区乡村振兴着力点不平衡的问题。

论微度假型乡村地域旅游特色小交通建设

作为支撑旅游地的六大要素之一,交通的创新发展以及与旅游的深入融合至关重要。文章剖析了微度假的概念和乡村微度假地的特点,重点分析了乡村微度假地与城市休闲度假地、旅游度假区和传统乡村旅游地之间的差异,在此基础上提出旅游特色小交通对于乡村微度假地建设的作用,结合建设中存在的重外轻内、系统性差、缺乏亮点特色等问题,建议分类完善慢游与慢行系统、增加消费体验性的交通文旅项目,为新时代的乡村产业振兴注入活力。

供给侧结构性改革促进了城乡基本公共服务均等化吗?

在区域发展不均衡的现实背景下,政府能否通过深化供给侧结构性改革提升基本公共服务供给水平,进而促进城乡基本公共服务均等化具有重要的现实意义。基于2010—2021年268个地级市面板数据,利用熵权法分别测度城市与农村基本公共服务供给水平,并引入信息熵概念计算得出均等化程度,据此进一步进行回归分析。研究结果表明:供给侧结构性改革对基本公共服务供给水平的提升具有促进作用,并且供给侧结构性改革通过提升公共服务财政支出水平与加强数字基础设施建设两条作用路径提升城乡基本公共服务均等化程度。此外,对西部和低均等化城市而言,供给侧结构性改革对城乡基本公共服务均等化程度的促进作用更加明显。研究的政策启示在于:实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的目标,仍需持续推进供给侧结构性改革,尤其需要发挥公共服务财政支出的调节作用,并进一步提升数字基础设施建设水平及其赋能功效;同时根据区域发展情况、均等化程度实施差异化供给策略,提升公共服务供给侧结构性改革的精准度和有效性。

数字技术赋能边疆民族地区乡村建设现代化研究

数字技术赋能边疆民族地区乡村建设现代化是防范规模性返贫风险的重要手段,是推动城乡融合发展的有效抓手,是建设数字中国的关键环节。赋能中存在何种困境、如何实现赋能成功是现阶段亟需解决的。研究发现,赋能过程中主要存在环境、主体、价值、动力等四大维度的现实困境。应从构建心态秩序、培育行动主体数字素养、促进现代性与乡土性承接融合、推动新内生式发展模式等思考发展进路,以实现数字技术赋能边疆民族地区乡村建设现代化。

论长寿内卷化

进入长寿时代后,农村老年人在其高龄阶段的生命历程中,会遭遇各种负性生活事件。伴随其机体衰退,他们会不可避免地坠入巨大的生活风险之中。结合中国传统的老龄观,通过对“内卷化”这一概念的辨析和创造性转化,可以构建“长寿内卷化”的概念,以理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险状态。当高龄老年人的生命历程步入内卷点之后,其寿命虽然仍然在延长,但由于各种负性生命事件的发生和影响,生命质量却开始下滑,与理想状态相反的是,这段生命历程将持续进入病寿、苦寿、辱寿等单一存在或同时并存的生活风险状态;当这一曲线下滑至接近生命质量轴的交叉点时,它意味着高龄老年人生命主动或被动的终结。支撑从长寿内卷化到生活风险发生的机制是,城镇化进程带来的社会压力通过环状结构的新家庭结构形式向高龄老年人转移。秉持积极老龄观,加强政策干预,实现长寿去内卷化,是长寿时代所必需面对的重要议题。作为一个分析性概念的“长寿内卷化”,不仅对理解当前农村高龄老年人的生活风险具有理论意义和政策意义,将来也同样适用于分析城市高龄老年人的生活风险状况。

水厕防冻技术在寒冷地区新农村建设中的应用研究

主要研究水厕防冻技术在寒冷地区新农村建设中的应用。介绍了水厕防冻技术的概念、原理、分类及应用现状,分析了寒冷地区新农村建设的特点、挑战和对水资源利用和管理的需求,探讨了水厕防冻技术在农村供水系统、灌溉系统、渔业和养殖业中的应用,对推广水厕防冻技术的必要性和可行性进行了分析,提出了推广策略和路径选择。

城乡融合发展视域下农村精神文明建设的现实困境及突破路径

推动城乡融合发展与农村精神文明建设是新时代党和国家的重要部署。在城乡融合发展视角下推动农村精神文明建设,既体现马克思主义关于城乡融合理论的要求,又对于深化农村精神文明建设具有现实意义。但农村地区精英群体的流失、新兴科技技术的相对落后、传统文化的丢失、生态环境治理的弱化,成为精神文明建设层面城乡融合的羁绊。面对客观形势,以城乡融合发展为导向,依托党建引领、数字赋能、城乡互哺、共建共享,进而夯实精神文明组织基础、创新精神文明平台支撑、厚植精神文明文化底蕴、筑牢精神文明生态屏障,开创农村精神文明建设新局面。

深入推进数字乡村建设的趋势研判和路径优化

深入推进数字乡村建设是全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要内容,是世界各国乡村发展的主要方向.澳大利亚、美国、德国、韩国等典型发达国家的实践表明,当前和今后一个时期开展数字乡村建设的国际趋势与发展路径包括:依照数字乡村专项规划建立健全相关体制机制,依据城乡区域融合发展理念开展基础设施建设,依托数字素养技能培训打造乡村数字人才队伍,依据农民的实际生产生活需求推动数字化转型,依靠协调政府市场关系取得数字乡村建设实效.针对当前中国在数字乡村建设中面临的现实问题,结合国外开展数字乡村建设的重要趋势,本文提出重视基层建设规划、健全信息服务体系、注重培养数字人才、加速提高农业农村数字化水平、构建多元投入保障机制的政策建议.