Classification and Spatial Pattern of Rural Multifunction from the Diversify of Construction Land Use:Taking Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as a Case Study

The development of rural area in suburban(RAS)is comprehensively influenced by the mixed processes of non-farming,local urbanization and rural industrialization and has distinctive multifunctional features on the socioeconomic and resource utilization.Multifunctional reconstruction in the RAS is mainly manifested by changes in the quantity and structure of the construction land use(CLU).We took Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as the study case.Following the logic of identifying,clustering,and diagnosing,we assessed the functional features of CLU and analyzed the differentiation of the scale and structure of CLU in RAS,with the aim of identifying the types and characteristics of multifunctional development in these regions.This study found that:1)typical RAS were experiencing multifunctional space reconstruction,and their multifunctional value was emerging and highlighted.The CLU was rapidly expanding,and the types of CLU were evolving from single to multiple uses;2)based on the dominant function of diverse rural CLU,we classified RAS into five types,dominated by the following functions,respectively:commercial services,industrial production,residential living,basic support and public service;3)according to the dominant function and spatial pattern,the development types of RAS were classified into agricultural service,comprehensive services,and integrated industries service,showing a circular spatial pattern from the suburbs to distant suburbs.The results can provide policy implication by creating new development impetus from rural multifunction perspective to promote the RAS revitalization.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Brief Analysis on Institution of Rural Collective Construction Land Transfer

From the viewpoint of strengthening the government management and control of rural collective construction land transfer,this paper gives relevant definitions and puts forward institution and policy of construction land for township enterprises and rural housing land. It is expected to provide institutional guarantee for standardizing the market order of rural collective construction land use right transfer.

Rural collective construction land use in China: Policy issues and options

Land policy in China has been changed dramatically in the past two decades. Though the reform of rural farm land and the urban construction land has been launched successively, little has been done about the rural construction land by now, which has made a negative impact to the land utilization. This paper fi rst reviews the policy terms about the rural construction land, then gives a brief critique on them under the background of social-economic transformation in China, and discusses the driving forces and implications of institutional changes in the end. We think the further reform on the rural collective construction land is imperative. Firstly, as a production factor, it should be endowed with property attribute, and secondly the use right of rural construction land should be separated from its ownership so that it can be transacted in a competitive market, which will benefi t the building of harmonious society.

The Evolution of Urban and Rural Construction Land Based on Spatial Econometrics:A Case Study of Bijie City

Based on the theory of spatial econometrics,we test and process the urban and rural construction land data during the base period of planning and late period of planning in Bijie City.And we conduct comparative analysis of the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban and rural construction land in 41 towns of Bijie City before and after the planning.According to Getis-ord G i coefficient test results,the cold spot area of urban and rural construction land in northeast of Bijie City will gradually disappear,and the key point of hot spot area will be gradually transferred from the central region to the central and eastern regions.The results show that under the guidance of the overall land use planning in Bijie City,the urban and rural construction land will show strong spatial autocorrelation;agglomeration benefits and scale merit will appear clearly,in line with the actual situation of current development of Bijie City.

Methods and Paths for Rural Collectively Owned Profit-oriented Construction Land Entering into Trading Market

On the basis of analyzing cases of existing rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,this paper put forward several thoughts,introduced methods and paths for rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,including reforming rural collective land property right system,cultivating new rural collective economy organizations,helping them to become market entities; improving various legal systems,making clear range of construction land entering into trading market; formulating scientific benefit allocation mechanism; establishing fair and transparent decision making mechanism.

Discussion on Mode of Key Link in Increase and Decrease Connection of Urban and Rural Construction Land

With the methods of qualitative analysis, induction and deduction, modes of key links in increase and decrease connection of urban and rural construction land are proposed in view of the involved three key links, namely reclamation of rural construction land, fund raising and management of connection turnover index, based on the comprehensive analysis of political connotation in increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. The modes include "village relocation and combination", "hollow village" reconstruction, high-rise stereo, village relocation in the mountain and related capital raising and turnover index management and the applicable regions of various modes are analyzed and studied. The research result provides reference for the reasonable operation of increase and decrease link of urban and rural construction land.

Study of Urban and Rural Construction Land Change Based on Small Scale in Dafang

This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".

Promoting Poverty Alleviation through the Project of Linkage of Urban Construction Land Increase with Rural Construction Land Decrease——A Case Study of Binchuan County in Yunnan Province

The policy of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease is an important task for poverty alleviation. It not only promotes the intensive use of land and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,but also plays an essential role in poverty alleviation development and the relocation of poverty alleviation. It provides a strong guarantee for winning the project of poverty alleviation. Taking the project of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County in Yunnan Province,combined with the current situation of poverty alleviation and relocation in Binchuan County,the implementation of related policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease,and path of relocation poverty alleviation,this paper introduced problems in the implementation of policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County,and came up with recommendations for the project of poverty alleviation through linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease.

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

Model and Strategy of Urban and Rural Construction Land Market Integration

At present,one of the important contents of China s rural land system reform is to build a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.The unified construction land market in urban and rural areas will produce higher economic and social benefits.It is imperative to promote the integration of urban and rural construction land market to improve the income of farmers,invigorate the stock of rural collective construction land and improve the efficiency of land use.This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural construction land market,the two models and typical cases of urban and rural construction land market integration,the restrictive factors and practical difficulties of urban and rural construction land market integration,and puts forward some suggestions and measures.This provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the integration of urban and rural construction land market,and hopes to provide a certain reference for the integration of urban and rural construction land market.

Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.

An Analysis of the Factors that Affect Collective Construction Land Transfer Price: A Case Study of Yichang City

The transfer of the rural collective construction land is increasingly accelerating,and the factors affecting transfer price are manifold. In this paper,the research area is Yichang,and we establish hedonic price model to explore and analyze the factors which affect the collective construction land transfer price. The simulation results show that in geographical factors,the higher degree of prosperity,road accessibility and soundness of infrastructure will result in higher collective construction land transfer price; in economic factors,the higher farmers' per capita net income and added value of the village's tertiary industry will lead to higher collective construction land transfer price; in ownership factors,the integrity of usufruct,disposition and possession has increasingly significant impact on collective construction land transfer price. In the process of establishing rural collective construction land circulation market,the government should gradually improve conditions of collective construction land; strengthen the construction of the rural economy,improve the economic attribute of the collective construction land; establish and improve China's rural collective construction land-related laws and regulations,make the rural collective construction land use rights clear,and give the whole rights of occupation,use,earning and disposition.

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与城乡收入差距

在空间均衡视角下,建立理论模型分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距的影响,并通过实证分析进行政策评估的结果表明:增减挂钩政策能够提高城乡居民人均收入,但是对城市居民人均收入提高幅度更多,从而加大城乡收入差距。如果配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策,在提高城乡居民人均收入的同时,这种综合性改革能够促使农村人均收入提高幅度更大,进而缩小城乡收入差距。随后,基于2000—2016年省级面板数据,采用逐期双重差分法与合成控制法分别评估城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距影响的实证结果发现:自2006年实施增减挂钩政策后,增减挂钩试点省份的城乡收入差距均值提升0.125,达到2.820;自2008年实施配套农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策后,重庆市的城乡收入差距均值下降0.261,达到3.043。基于此,在城乡融合背景下,我们应建立健全城乡统一建设用地市场制度。

论集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律构造

集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律供给严重不足,学者观点又存在较大分歧。在“房地一体”登记下,集体土地所有权的代表行使主体享有独立的集体公益性建设用地使用权,并应平等、补充适用《土地管理法》与《民法典》。界分村级组织集体公益性建设用地使用权的登记主体是村民委员会还是农村集体经济组织,应尽量登记给村民委员会。集体公益性建设用地使用权的设立宜采取拨用而非划拨的方式,并经登记生效;其不能抵押,但可以在不降低公益效用的前提下,经政府机关批准和集体成员民主议定,采取转让、互换等方式处分。集体公益性建设用地使用权因集体公益收回应当符合比例原则,因经营性转化应当明确转化的条件、程序、方式和收益分配。

农村集体经营性建设用地入市研究的热点、演进与展望——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

使用文献计量法和内容分析法对来自知网、万方、维普3大数据库的农村集体经营性建设用地入市的404篇研究文献作者、机构及热点进行分析,基于研究现状展望重点方向及前沿趋势。研究发现:研究人员和机构合作意识较弱,受学缘、地缘等因素影响未能形成较为明显的研究群体;“三块地”改革试点期呈现出百花齐放的研究态势,相关研究文献数量急剧上升,2019年至今为巩固改革成果期;现有研究聚焦于集体经营性建设用地入市的制度设计、与土地征收及宅基地制度改革的关系、地方实践、收益分配等主题。利益均衡视角下集体经营性建设用地入市收益分配机制的探索与优化、城乡融合发展视域下同地同权同价的实现条件及路径、农村三项土地制度改革的法理平衡及制度设计、集体经营性建设用地入市助推乡村振兴的地方模式及发展经验等方面仍需继续深化研究,也是未来的主要研究方向。

集体建设用地入市对县域市场活力的影响研究:基于企业进入视角

研究目的:基于企业进入视角,关注推进城乡统一建设用地市场建设的作用效果,系统考察集体建设用地入市改革对县域市场活力的影响。研究方法:将工商企业注册和土地出让微观数据集与县域经济数据结合,基于因果推断的反事实框架,使用多期双重差分方法进行政策效果检验并进行机制分析。研究结果:(1)集体建设用地入市显著提升了县域市场活力,该结论通过了一系列的稳健性检验;(2)改革通过作用于供地规模与供地价格,对政府规制产生了弱化效应,推动了土地要素市场化配置,对工业与商住用地价格偏移具有矫正效应;(3)政策在一定程度上提升了土地的产出效率,形成效能提升,增强市场活力。研究结论:深化土地要素的市场化配置,进一步扩大集体经营性建设用地入市改革范围,完善集体土地入市流程和市场化交易机制,增强土地要素市场提振县域市场活力的支撑作用。

生产要素下乡的障碍性因素及破解之策——基于S县J农业项目的调查研究

城乡要素的双向有序流动是在我国实施乡村振兴的战略背景之下,实现城乡融合发展的关键支撑,而城乡融合则是建立在生产要素双向自由流动的基础之上的,但是当前我国的城乡要素却只呈现出由乡村向城市的单向流动,从城市向乡村的流动还存在着障碍。为了深入研究生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文采取案例分析法,通过对S县J农业项目落地过程的考察和分析,研究发现阻碍生产要素下乡的主要障碍性因素为:由于在我国现行的农村土地制度、政策、运行机制之中均存在着与现代农业及乡村旅游业发展不相适应的成分,因而由此引发的农用地供地障碍和农村集体经营性建设用地供地障碍。为了破解生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文提出如下建议:1)我国应以土地确权为基础,积极开展对农用地经营权的股份化改革,从而可以将农用地经营权“化零为整”集中管理,最终以达到解决农用地规模化流转困难的目的。2)我国应通过重新研究制定乡镇的行政区划标准,来进行相应的调整改革,从而以打破土地流转的行政壁垒。3)我国应对农村集体经营性建设用地的空间置换机制进行深入改革,并完善相应的土地入市机制,从而可以将农村分散、闲置的集体经营性建设用地整合利用,并可以为生产要素下乡提供足够的空间载体。4)我国应优化农村集体建设用地的空间布局,促使其可以充分发挥出集聚产业要素、保障社会服务、促进文化发展等诸多功能,进而以形成主城区与区域中心镇相结合的空间格局,并可以为生产要素下乡提供畅通的渠道。

农村建设用地整治潜力精准预测与地块整治优先级识别

研究目的:测算不同村庄类型下农村建设用地整治潜力,精准识别地块整治优先级,使得土地整治决策更加准确、科学。研究方法:以湖北省黄梅县为研究区域,结合空间规划和自身资源禀赋对村庄进行分类;对不同类型村庄的农村建设用地整治潜力进行测算,并利用单类支持向量机对农村建设用地图斑的整治重要性进行识别,最终实现潜力总量约束下的潜力图斑的整治优先级安排。研究结果:(1)黄梅县共划分出城郊融合型、特色保护型、集聚发展型、存续提升型、搬迁撤并型5类村庄类型,其中包含村庄数量最多的是存续提升型,共有272个行政村;(2)规划期内黄梅县农村建设用地整治理论潜力规模6624.66 hm^(2),现实潜力规模3586.03 hm^(2);(3)整治紧迫图斑占潜力规模的7.21%,整治较紧迫图斑占潜力规模的15.02%,整治一般紧迫图斑占潜力规模的51.14%,整治不紧迫图斑占潜力规模的26.63%。研究结论:村庄分类下的农村建设用地整治潜力规模预测与地块整治优先级识别,可以为村庄布局优化和乡村全域土地综合整治提供理论参考和实践操作模式。

国土空间规划背景下村庄规划编制的思考与创新

针对当前国土空间规划体系背景下,多数村庄规划建设不适用于村庄具体发展需求的问题,分析村庄规划编制的发展现状,提出村庄规划编制的具体发展路径,包括明确村庄规划的整体定位和目标、利用地理信息技术、把握村庄规划的空间价值等方法。结果表明,该村庄规划编制方法在对村庄进行全局统筹考虑的基础上可实现村庄合理规划,促进乡村建设与国土空间规划的协调发展,助力乡村振兴。