Research on Technological Support System of Control and Management of Rural Tourism Safety

As the sources of overt and covert potential safety hazards were widespread, the safety control and management of rural tourism became more complicated and difficult, which required more for technological support of rural tourism safety management. Based on the latitude of technological support, from the perspective of management practice of rural tourism safety, through analysis on inner symbiosis of management and technological support of rural tourism safety, the paper had studied three parts of control and management system of rural tourism safety, which were rural tourism safety identification, rural tourism safety isolation and control, and rural tourism safety treatment and solution; and the connotation of technological support during safety management had been discussed from the three aspects. It hoped to serve as reference for tourism safety management and control, so as to promote healthy, stable and sustainable development of tourism.

Iodization of Village Water Supply in the Control of Endemic Iodine Deficiency in Rural Sarawak, Malaysia

A simple water iodizing system, which incorporates the Venturi principle in combination with the controlled release mechanism of a silicone-sodium iodide elastomer, for the iodization of rural piped-water supply in the control of endemic iodine deficiency has been developed and its effectiveness evaluated in three Iban longhouse villages in the iodinedeficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak. Urines were collected for iodine assays from women aged 15-40 years before and at 6 and 12 months after the connection of the iodinating device; goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the 1-year study. Water samples were collected for iodine assays at 2-weekly intervals. In all three villages, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions,reaching levels recommended for an iodine-suffcient population, were observed; goitre prevalences were reduced in all the villages (by 22.6% to 35.8%). The iodine levels in the water ranged from 34 μg/l to 212 μg/L. In the control village, median urinary iodine excretions remained essentially unchanged but a small increase in goiter prevalence was observed. The iodized water was well received by the villagers and no adverse effects of water iodization were observed. The system functioned unattended throughout the one year period. The cost of providing supplemental iodine via the iodizing device is approximately 60 cents (U.S.) per family per year which is affordable by either the Government or the villagers. It is concluded that the iodizing system offers a new cost-effective strategy for the control of endemic iodine deficiency in Sarawak and may have applications in other areas with similar water sources

"Hollow Village" Evolution and Policy Control from the Perspective of Rural Urbanization: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

From the perspective of the process of urbanization,this paper puts forward the corresponding public policy control by analyzing the characteristics of " hollowing" at different stages of urbanization. Moreover,the paper focuses on the stage of China's current urbanization.Based on the survey of migrant workers,this paper evaluates China's current policies,and argues that the rural " hollowing" is an objective that accompanies urbanization. At different stages of the process of urbanization,the rural " hollowing" presents different characteristics. Local governments should make policy and plan based on the different stages of local urbanization and local conditions,because of the extent of regional differences in economic and social development. This paper aims to guide the rural " hollowing" to develop toward the right direction.

Study on the Control Model of Rural Non-point Source Pollution——Taking Ninghe County in Tianjin as an Example

[Objective] The aim was to study the control model of rural non-point source pollution.[Method] Taking Ninghe County(a typical agricultural county in Tianjin) as an example,the current development of local economy and society and characteristics of rural non-point source pollution were studied firstly,then the control model of rural non-point source pollution suitable for Ninghe County was constructed,and its environmental and economic benefits were analyzed finally.[Result] According to the sources of non-point source pollution,the control model of rural non-point source pollution in Ninghe County was divided into three modules from the aspects of planting industry,livestock raising industry and rural living.The main content of non-point source pollution control module of planting industry was composed of rational utilization of chemicals,water-saving irrigation,diversified utilization of straw etc.Non-point source pollution control module of livestock raising industry focused on the site selection of farm or raising zones,choice of raising mode,comprehensive utilization of livestock waste etc.In the non-point source pollution control module of rural living,villages were divided into two types(small town and ecological village) based on various geographical positions.In a word,these three modules were interrelated and targeted for non-point source pollution control in villages under different development situations.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the rural non-point source pollution control in Hai River basin and other regions of Northern China.

Impact of Village-based Health Education of Tobacco Control on the Current Smoking Rate in Chinese Rural Areas

The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of village-based health education of tobacco control on the male current smoking rate in rural areas. The population of this study was the males above 15 years old from 6 villages in rural areas. The villages were randomly assigned to intervention group or control group（3 villages in each group）. Self-designed smoking questionnaire was applied. The intervention group received the village-based health education of tobacco control for one year. The primary outcome measurement was the male current smoking rate. In the baseline investigation, completed surveys were returned by 814 male residents from the control group and 831 male residents from the intervention group. The male current smoking rate in the control group and the intervention group was 61.2% and 58.5%, respectively, before intervention. There was no significant difference between these two groups（P〉0.05）. After one-year intervention, the current smoking rate in the intervention group（51.2%） was significantly lower than that in the control group（62.8%）（P〈0.001）. Our study suggested that the village-based health education of tobacco control was effective in lowering the male current smoking rate in rural areas, which could be a suitable and feasible way for tobacco control in the Chinese rural areas.

Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

Legal Control Paths for Corruption of China's Rural Cadres

The corruption problem of China's rural cadres has exposed the weakness of the absence of legal control in rural administration. In the face of the problems in the legal control of corruption in rural cadres,it is required to improve the laws and regulations,strengthen law enforcement,and strengthen the supervision and guidance of higher-level party committee and governments to bring the corruption of rural cadres into the rule of law.

Prevention and Control of Adolescents' Deviant Behavior in Rural Community

Firstly,an analysis is made from the point of view of sociology on traditional modeling logic of prevention and control of adolescents' deviant behavior in rural community,and maintenance and reproduction of this model.The traditional prevention and control model of adolescents' deviant behavior in rural community is diversity-orderly pattern prevention and control system.This system is based on natural economy,especially on agricultural economy."Supervision by public opinion and moral imitation" is the basic operation logic of this system.It contains a compensation mechanism of "bringing up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age" and "favor returning".Then,deconstruction of traditional prevention and control model for adolescents' deviant behavior in rural community is analyzed.Along with advance in rural modern democratic management and legal construction and growing of rural market economy,function of traditional diversity-orderly pattern of prevention and control of adolescents' deviate behavior in rural community is weak and weak in prevention and control of modern rural adolescents' deviant behavior.Finally,modeling ideas of new(coordinative) prevention and control of rural adolescents' deviant behavior are put forward from four aspects,namely,democracy and legal system,community,family and various rural adolescent admittance organizations.

Speed Reduction Mitigation Strategies on Rural Highways at Two-Way Stop Control Intersections and Curves

Studies conducted on crashes at rural intersections of state highways and local roads/streets with two-way stop control have proved that the problem was likely poor judgment by the stopped driver on the minor approach of the speed of an oncoming vehicle and/or safe gap in traffic on the major highway. Several mitigating strategies have been suggested and studied in various studies to improve safety at the two-way stop control rural intersections and at other rural highway segments. There are also several low-cost techniques used, mostly in foreign countries, to slow drivers on major highways as they enter small towns and villages, e.g., narrowing pavement lines, establishing visual gateways, etc. Lowered speeds would decrease crash severity. In this study, four strategies including solar speed display units, mobile speed trailers, optical speed bars, and colored pavement were tested and assessed in some locations in Kansas. The results of this research indicate that both solar speed display units and mobile speed trailers are effective in speed reduction at the desired points, but optical speed bars and colored pavements do not yield reliable results. Additional studies and longer term studies, should be conducted.

从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴:我国职业教育助力教育强国建设的实践路径

职业教育从系统参与脱贫攻坚到有效衔接乡村振兴的梯次推进过程,反映出职业教育始终以服务高质量发展为导向助力教育强国建设的实践逻辑。教育强国的实现需要乡村教育高质量发展。我国职业教育脱贫攻坚的成功实践,不仅为乡村振兴奠定了基础,同时也是教育强国建设的基本保障。脱贫攻坚胜利之后,职业教育应进一步巩固成果并遵循服务高质量发展的价值逻辑,凸显出职业教育对乡村现代化建设的战略支撑作用。乡村是职业教育助力强国建设的重要场域。职业教育促进乡村振兴是教育服务强国建设、助力构建高质量发展新格局的内在要求。职业教育应采取系统性的措施,巩固职业教育脱贫成果,形成教育返贫防控常态化机制;增强职业教育适应性,满足乡村社会发展的人才需求;嵌入城乡融合发展大局,构筑共建共享的协同发展生态;参与乡村文化生态治理,促进乡土文化繁荣发展。

乡村振兴视域下的小流域综合治理

生态清洁的小流域是实现乡村振兴和绿色发展的有效途径之一。乡村振兴战略的提出与实施、小流域治理国内外取得的成效,从理论到实践上为小流域综合治理奠定了基础。小流域综合治理不仅能带动区域经济发展,还能促进农村产业可持续发展及结构升级,助力乡村振兴。小流域污染治理需要注重多技术组合应用,同时在管理中要结合河长制,将科研、科普与教育有效结合,吸引更多社会力量参与小流域的保护与管理。

凡是过去,皆为序曲:企业家农村成长经历与家族控制权偏好

企业家成长经历会对企业家个人及企业行为产生重要影响。本文基于烙印理论,着重考察了企业家农村成长经历对其家族控制权偏好的影响,并以2002~2014年全国民营企业抽样调查数据为样本进行了实证检验。研究发现:(1)具有农村成长经历的企业家对企业有更强的家族控制权偏好。(2)企业家的高等教育经历和体制内工作经历会显著削弱农村成长经历与家族控制权偏好之间的正向关系。(3)企业家农村成长经历与家族控制权偏好之间的正向关系在市场经济体制确立前创办的企业和产权保护情况较差地区的企业中更显著。(4)企业家农村成长经历对家族所有权偏好影响较大,对家族管理权偏好的影响相对较小。本文为中国民营企业家偏好家族化控制的动因研究提供了新的解构逻辑,也进一步丰富了烙印理论的研究。

问责吸纳控制权:乡村产业振兴项目激励失灵的理论解释——以A省F县为例

在乡村振兴中,产业项目因其带来的巨大财政资源和增量绩效,理应有效激发基层政府的能动性。然而,一些地区却出现产业项目对基层政府的激励失灵现象。在“问责吸纳控制权”的分析视野中,问责压力的强化改变了纵向政府间的控制权配置模式,凸显基层行动者的权责失衡样态,这是诱致产业项目激励失灵的深层机制。具体而言,问责总领与检查验收权的向上集中使得基层政府追求控制权的空间不断被压缩,督查问责与正向激励的不均衡加剧了控制权内部冲突,消解了基层干部发展产业项目的主体性,进一步催生出目标设定权的价值偏离,诱发避责共同体的形成及项目制基层实践扭曲。对此,需要在总体上重构控制权,通过强化县域产业自主发展能力、健全权责对等机制、培育乡村内生参与力量破解项目化运作的基层激励失灵困境。

乡村振兴视角下农村集体经济的发展路径探究

农村问题作为关系国家发展和乡村振兴的重要课题,其集体经济组织形式的合理性程度与其经济发展密不可分.借助乡村振兴视角,以内部控制理论对农村集体经济组织与经济绩效之间的关系进行实证分析.结果表明:部分农村集体经济组织之间的发展不均衡情况较为突出,且农村集体经济组织内部控制要素与经济绩效之间具有相关关系(p<0.01),其中内部环境和控制活动在p<0.01的水平下呈显著正相关,风险评估、资产负债率及距离则在p<0.01,p<0.05和p<0.01水平下呈显著负相关.因此,加强内部控制建设是农村集体经济组织发展的重要举措.

乡村振兴背景下加强牧区沙地治理路径探索——基于内蒙古巴林右旗的调查

近年,巴林右旗在沙地治理方面积累了丰富的经验,在生态修复、农牧民增收、产业结构调整等方面取得了显著成效。但仍存在持续治理难度逐渐加大、成果巩固任务艰巨、相关政策机制尚未完善等问题,建议合理规划布局、采取系统治理措施、通过转型升级产业生产方式、激发农牧民积极性、加强执法和管护力度等进一步加强科尔沁沙地治理,持续推进乡村振兴。

乡村治理中的情境博弈、策略选择与利益协调——基于鄂西L县政府贫困治理的案例分析

在乡村治理中,话语情境的政策逆变、关系情境的利益寻租和常人情境的权宜取向往往导致地方政府的行动困境。困境的化解有赖于地方政府的策略选择,包括向上回应与制度创新的政策变通策略、资源配优与治权引导的利益共谋策略和柔性运作与程序规范的行为约束策略等。这一治理方式揭示了乡村社会中地方政府与各利益主体间的复杂关系,地方政府需要以“合法化”的话语规则、“合理化”的道义关系和“合情化”的常人理性来协调各主体间的利益冲突,以此实现乡村治理中的“治理有效”和“善治”目的。

可持续迭代的村镇人居环境设计体系研究

目的为建构可持续建设与有机更新下村镇人居环境设计的基本框架,揭示其在不同发展阶段、地域特征和建设主题下村镇人居样本的应对性设计原则与理论,总结村镇设计在经济、社会、技术影响下的迭代及在地化应变,探讨未来村镇人居环境设计的前沿模式。方法基于可视化文献分析法,对可持续村镇人居环境设计进行系统的脉络梳理,并根据可持续设计的路径推演、要素解析、模式特征进行村镇人居环境设计体系的框架搭建,提出村镇人居环境设计的基本原则与适配化设计技术路线。结果构建了可持续人居建设迭代下的村镇人居环境设计体系,通过解析可持续设计的基本构成要素,分析了村镇人居环境可持续设计的动力机制,揭示了其在需求侧、供给侧和承载侧的基本特征及三者的联动关系,提出了四项村镇人居环境可持续设计的基本原则,并总结出三点分类适配化设计思路。结论以综合设计视角,探讨未来中国村镇转型下的设计思想与技术脉络,根据时代背景、在地特征、未来场景,采取动态应变与适配的原则,提出可持续设计模式、方法与路径,为设计学相关研究者、决策者和执业人员提供理论梳理和实践指导。

大尺度圩田水网地区特色生态空间单元解析及传承策略研究——以高淳为例

我国幅员辽阔,各个地区的乡村空间各具特色。在诸如江浙一带的圩田水网地区便形成了独特的生态-聚落空间布局模式。文章以大尺度高淳水网地区的聚落空间为研究对象,在分析现状水系网络、农田体系、圩堤陆路等生态要素共同作用下的乡村特色空间基础上,从维持水田格局的特色性、分类引导聚落选址和堤路网体系优化布局三个方面,分别探究传承乡村特色空间的策略与导控方法,旨在为我国其他相似圩田水网地区的乡村特色空间传承提供实践指导方法和参考借鉴意义。

祖辈专制教养方式与农村留守幼儿社会能力的关系:自我控制的中介作用

祖辈教养方式对农村留守幼儿社会能力具有影响。文章采用问卷法对296名4~6岁农村留守幼儿进行测查,探究自我控制在祖辈专制教养方式与农村留守幼儿社会能力之间是否起中介作用。研究发现:祖辈专制教养方式与农村留守幼儿的自我控制和社会能力呈显著负相关;农村留守幼儿的自我控制与其社会能力呈显著正相关。祖辈专制教养方式显著负向预测农村留守幼儿的社会能力,自我控制在二者之间起部分中介作用,祖辈专制教养方式会通过抑制农村留守幼儿的自我控制来降低其社会能力。为提高农村留守幼儿的社会能力,建议幼儿园加强与农村隔代教养祖辈合作共育,改善农村隔代专制教养方式和提升农村留守幼儿的自我控制能力。

对某城乡供水工程自动化控制的设计和应用研究

城乡供水自动化是解决农村饮水安全的重要措施,能够有效保证供水工程的管理决策能力和应用服务水平。总结了某城乡供水项目中自动化控制的设计和应用,不仅能有效的弥补水利工程建设过程中存在的不足,此外在实现水利工程长远发展、提高水利工程管理水平中也发挥了重要性作用,可以实现城乡供水后期运行中节水、减员、降本、增效的功能优势,推动了城乡供水的均等化服务,有效巩固当地的脱贫攻坚工作。