Management Mode of Rural Credit Cooperatives

Cooperative financing, with existing problems involving legal person man-agement and property supervision is highly demanded by farmers in China. It is fea-sible to explore a shareholding system to resolve the management mode issue of rural credit cooperatives in order to introduce investments, formulate the right struc-ture for rational stock and to establish effective monitoring mechanism for property right. Hence, information issuing would be reinforced and a rural credit cooperative would be established to be a modern financial enterprise with transparent property rights.

Research on the Model of Household Credit Risk Evaluation of Rural Microfinance

Since rural microfinance is a credit which grants loans without collateral and guarantees to farmers,it is considerably important to evaluate and control the household credit risk.Through establishing the evaluation index system and then using catastrophe progression theory,three common types of catastrophe system and the normalization formula,we get the comprehensive evaluation.Finally,we take the empirical test and the result shows that this method is simpler and more objective which can be used by the credit cooperatives to decide whether to authorize the loans.

Imbalance and Correction of the Rural Credit Cooperatives and Rural Economic Relations

This article expounds the manifestations of imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations: the rural credit cooperatives fail to effectively promote economic development in rural areas; the rural economy is also incapable of effectively promoting the development of the rural credit cooperatives. It analyses the reasons for imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations,including the direct reason (loss of function of the rural credit cooperatives) ,the fundamental reason (restricted economic development of agriculture and countryside and relative pauperization of farmers) ,and the deep-seated reason (sluggish rural economic development) . Corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forward for promoting balanced development of the rural credit cooperatives and rural economy as follows: first, deepen reform of the rural credit cooperatives,strengthen the function of the rural credit cooperatives in serving the needs of agriculture; second, speed up economic development in rural areas,eliminate the economic constraints for the development of the rural credit cooperatives; third,transform the development pattern and the development strategies,foster the macro-institutional environment for balanced development of rural credit cooperatives and rural economy.

Problems in Development of Micro-credit Loans to Farmers in China and Countermeasures

There are problems of inadequate natural endowment and weak stamina in the development of micro-credit loans to farmers in China. Specifically,existing problems include narrow profit space,serious non-agricultural trend of funds,high dependence on government support,short life cycle,and constantly increasing operating risks. These problems are related to endogenous drawback in design,defect in operating procedure,lagging in relevant policies and measures,and vacancy in risk compensation mechanism.

Credit risk constraint mechanisms in rural financial reform

To research the operating mechanisms of rural financial reform, through setting up a contract model, the constraint roles of reputation and legal intervention on the default risk arising in the operating of the credit union funds are inspected. Analysis indicates that the increase in reputation cost can reduce the probability of union member default behavior and the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Meanwhile, the amount of loans and the interest rates can increase the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Below the marginal values, the penalty mechanisms can reduce the balancing probabilities of member default behavior and turning to the law for the credit union funds, namely, the penalty has some "substitution effect" for turning to the law for the credit union funds.

农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险影响因素及其衡量研究——基于CreditRisk+模型的估计

基于1 173个贷款样本数据,运用Logistic回归分析农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险影响因素并预测违约概率,依据CreditRisk+模型,对农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险衡量进行研究,并进行了压力测试。研究表明,农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险主要受到抵押土地因素、保险与政策因素的影响;影响因素的风险程度具有次序性;贷款期限和农业生产周期不匹配是农地经营权抵押贷款面临的突出矛盾;土地经营权来源不同的贷款风险程度存在明显差异;农地经营权抵押贷款预期损失和非预期损失占VaR比例结构合理,极端情景出现时预期损失会有明显波动。提出应瞄准贷款对象、精确贷款条款和强化风险处置,促进农地经营权抵押贷款顺利开展。

Cause Analysis of "Non-agricultural Trend" of Credit Cooperatives and Reversion Approaches

"Non-agricultural trend" of credit cooperatives is demonstrated as outflow of substantial contribution, application of credit fund in "non-agricultural sectors" and downsizing outlets. As a result, rural financial exclusion and insufficient effective supply of rural finance have been aggravated, and most rural households have been excluded from the service range of credit cooperatives. Major causes for such a trend were summarized as: (a) profit-driven nature of credit cooperatives; (b) conditionality of "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy; (c) influence of macro-environment. It is proposed that credit cooperatives would only revert their focus to "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy only if rural financial exclusion and economic restrictions on the development of credit cooperatives were removed, and the macro-environment was optimized.

Land Credit Cooperatives Help Construction of New Countryside

This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, structure, supportive policy and the performance of "land credit cooperatives", the author believes that the essence of the cooperative is a "land joint-stock cooperation organization" whose experience may be of particular relevance to the building of a "new socialist countryside".

基于Credit Risk+模型的我国西部地区农村商业银行信用风险评价及防范研究——以四川某农村商业银行为例

近几年西部地区农村商业银行发展迅速,但其现有的信用风险评价方法较为落后,不能很好地度量其信用风险,本文选用Credit Risk+模型作为研究我国西部地区农村商业银行的信用风险评价模型,以西部地区四川省某农村商业银行为例,对其信用风险进行评价分析,得出相关结论,并提出利于西部地区农村商业银行发展的对策建议。

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Study on the Consumer Credit Development Path of China——From the Perspective of Supply-side Reform

With the development of China's market economy,China's consumer credit has also developed rapidly,but there are also problems such as unbalanced credit structure and uneven regional development.Based on the perspective of supply-side reforms,this article analyzes the opportunities and risks of China's consumer credit development,and puts forward practical and effective suggestions for problems,which is of great significance to the promotion of the healthy development of China's consumer credit.

联合的力量:农社利益联结对农户信贷违约风险的缓释效应与机制

基于农民合作社联农带农的视角,采用面板Probit模型、内生扩展模型(ERM)和中介效应模型分析农社利益联结对农户参与农民合作社供应链信贷的违约风险缓释效应及其作用机制。结果表明:提高农社利益联结程度能够显著降低农户信贷违约风险;相较于利润返还和技术培训联结方式,融资支持与订单销售联结对农户信贷违约风险缓释效果更好,通过一系列稳健性检验结果依然可靠。机制分析显示,农社利益联结能够通过增收机制和非正规风险分担机制增强农户还款能力和私人借贷能力,从而促进农户履约还款。异质性分析发现,农户家庭收入结构、合作社领办主体及社员规模的差异,也是影响农民合作社联农带农的重要因素,并导致农户参与农民合作社供应链信贷的违约风险缓释效应表现出明显的异质性。据此,建议加强农民合作社供应链金融联农带农服务体系建设,打造农业供应链金融信用联合体,不断完善农村普惠金融信用生态圈。

甘肃省数字金融对农村信贷的影响研究

该研究概括了甘肃省在数字金融领域的演进路径、实践范畴及政策框架,探讨了农村信贷市场当前状态,具体涉及资金需求与供应的平衡、市场构成特征,以及制约其进步的障碍与挑战。通过深入分析,揭示了数字金融对于拓宽农村信贷体量、提速信贷处理效率及减少信贷风险的明显正面效应。据此,提出了一系列策略性建议,旨在促进数字金融与农村信贷业务的深度整合,并强调了强化数字金融监管体系与风险控制机制的重要性。

农村金融联结风险与法律规制:问题与对策

农村金融联结作为金融支农的重要手段之一,与农村经济发展的实际需求相契合。我国农村金融联结中面临着模式风险、契约风险和信用风险等诸多亟待解决的问题,同时农民贷款难、流程繁杂的现象也长期存在。问题的根源在于农村金融联结相关法律的滞后性、风险监管制度的不健全,以及农村信贷体系和担保制度的不完善。因此,制定相关法律、规范农村金融联结合同条款、建立健全农村信用体系、完善法律监管制度等举措对于保障农村金融联结的健康有序发展具有重要意义,并可为我国农村金融联结的健康发展提供参考。

非洲水电国际合作重点市场分析研究

随着“一带一路”倡议高质量推进,中国与非洲国家水电合作潜力不断释放。但非洲各国水电资源分布不均、营商环境各异,中国企业在非洲开展水电开发合作面临东道国政治、经济、社会和技术等风险挑战。如何科学识别并瞄准重点目标市场,是中国企业在非洲成功开展水电国际合作的关键。通过对非洲54个主权国家进行初步筛选,剔除国别风险最高、水电技术可开发量低于6000GW·h/a、水电装机低于300MW的国家,得到17个初步筛选国家;应用模糊综合评价法建立定量的国别评价指标体系模型,根据国别风险、主权信用风险、营商环境、市场空间、水电开发潜力5项指标对初步筛选国家进行综合定量评价,结合专家经验定性分析,最终筛选出适宜中国企业开展水电开发合作的5个重点国家——尼日利亚、埃塞俄比亚、刚果(金)、加纳和赞比亚。针对重点合作国家的政局、经济增速、营商环境、水电资源禀赋、电力市场规模以及矿电联营商业模式,分别提出有针对性的合作建议。

普惠金融视角下供销合作社开展农村金融服务的调查研究——基于供销基层组织的问卷调查

推动我国普惠金融的高质量发展,需要加大对新型农业经营主体的金融保障力度,需要健全农村金融服务体系。供销合作社以为农服务为宗旨,不断提高普惠金融服务水平,在信用合作、产业贷款、农业供应链金融等方面取得了许多成果。本文基于全国的136份供销基层组织的调查数据,研究了基层组织提供农村金融服务的主要效果、存在的难点。结果发现,六成以上的基层组织已经开展金融服务,助农贷款、合作发展基金和涉农保险业务是主要服务内容,融资担保业务开始崛起,基层工作热情很高。然而,基层组织普遍对金融服务工作的职能定位认识不清晰,金融服务与供销业务的融合度不足,基层的发展基础相对薄弱。因此,基层组织要持续加强与金融机构的信用合作,以实体产业为支撑,打造“供销产融生态圈”,切实为基层主体提供普惠金融服务。

乡村振兴背景下农村信用社信贷业务创新路径

随着我国乡村振兴战略的实施,农村经济发展速度加快,农民生活质量大幅提升。农村信用社在农村地区发挥着重要的金融服务作用,但传统的信贷业务模式存在一些问题,如信息不对称、抵押物不足、供需不匹配等。因此,研究农村信用社信贷业务的创新路径,可以提高农村金融服务的效率和质量,促进农村经济发展。文章介绍了农村信用社信贷业务创新的背景与必要性,探讨了农村信用社信贷业务的创新路径,分析了农村信用社信贷业务存在的风险,提出了农村信用社信贷业务风险控制与监管措施,旨在为农村信用社提供有益的参考和指导,促进农村金融服务的可持续健康发展。

农村信用社不良资产审计研究

农村信用社不良贷款率较高,易引发金融风险。随着审计在防范各类风险时发挥的作用越来越显著,农村信用社不良资产审计也备受关注。文章通过介绍农村信用社不良资产的相关概念,分析现阶段农村信用社不良资产审计工作中存在的问题,探讨提高农村信用社不良资产审计水平的有效措施,以期加强对农村信用社不良资产的管理,维护农村信用社经营的稳定性。

数字普惠金融对农村信用社存贷差变动的影响

论文利用2011-2021年省级面板数据以及北京大学发布的数字普惠金融指数,以存贷增量差为被解释变量,分析了数字普惠金融对农村信用社系统(包括农村商业银行)存贷差变化的影响。结果发现,数字普惠金融导致农信社存贷差变化缩小,在其子维度中,数字金融覆盖广度和使用深度影响较为明显;在东中部地区以及基础设施水平较高地区,农信社存贷差缩小明显;市场竞争加强了数字普惠金融对农信社存贷差缩小的影响。农信社应加快自身数字化转型,创新农村金融产品,同时要推动农村金融市场开放,加大政策支持力度,有助于缩小存贷差,提高金融服务能力。

数字金融发展与城乡家庭债务风险差异

数字金融的蓬勃发展正深刻地影响着家庭经济行为,一个值得关注的问题是,数字金融发展在给家庭带来“数字红利”的同时,也很可能导致家庭债务风险的累积。因此,本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,运用面板数据模型实证分析了数字金融发展对城乡家庭债务风险的影响差异及其作用机制。结果表明:首先,数字金融发展对家庭债务风险具有正向影响,且与城镇家庭相比,其对农村家庭债务风险的影响更大。其次,数字金融发展对中西部地区、金融素养低和收入差距高的农村家庭债务风险的影响更大。最后,数字金融发展通过提升家庭信贷可得性和家庭支付便利性从而加剧了家庭债务风险,且与城镇家庭相比,其对农村家庭债务风险的影响更大。上述结论对于防范城乡家庭债务风险和推进我国数字金融高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。