How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Influential Factors, and Countermeasures of Rural E-commerce Development

The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.

Poverty alleviation through e-commerce:Village involvement and demonstration policies in rural China

The diffusion of e-commerce has played a significant role in recent rural economic development in China.E-commerce is also considered as an efficient channel to alleviate poverty in rural China.Voluminous studies have investigated the contribution of e-commerce to agricultural development,yet it is lacking empirical evidence as to the effects of e-commerce on rural poverty alleviation.Since the year of 2014,in order to develop rural e-commerce,Chinese government launched the National Rural E-commerce Comprehensive Demonstration Project.This gradual involvement policy offered a natural experiment for evaluation of e-commerce.Based on village-level survey data from rural China and Heckit method,our study finds that rural e-commerce has a significantly positive effect on rural income.Moreover,the effect is inverted U-shaped for the relative-poverty villages.The estimation of the propensity scores matching model confirms that the results are robust.The following policy recommendations are proposed:(1)policy support to rural e-commerce should prioritize the povertystricken villages.By doing so,the marginal income effects of e-commerce will be maximized.(2)Investment in internet infrastructure and establishment of human resources for e-commerce in rural areas will have spillover effects,increasing rural income through the"digital dividend".

Rural E-commerce and New Model of Rural Development in China:A Comparative Study of "Taobao Village" in Jiangsu Province

With the development of electronic commerce,there is a special phenomenon in rural areas of China that a lot of farmers in these areas depend on opening shops on Taobao online for a living. The products are made from the village workshop,and farmers become fullyfledged network businessmen. Electronic business platform mode of " Taobao Village" is the result of integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries. In this study,we take two kinds of typical Taobao villages( Dongfeng Village and Yanxia Village) as sample areas,and conduct comparative analysis of this new rural business model based on field survey data,case studies and theoretical research. We also probe into the problems in the development of Taobao villages,and set forth the recommendations for the new rural business model.

E-commerce development in rural and remote areas of BRICS countries

E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI).

Development of Rural E-commerce from the Perspective of Agricultural New Kinetic Energy Cultivation:Based on Survey on the "E-commerce Entering Villages and Households" Project of Jurong City

Taking the implementation of the"e-commerce entering villages and households"project in Jurong City as an example,a survey plan is formulated,and questionnaires are designed.Through questionnaires,a large number of agricultural households are visited,and the data are collected and collated;and using interviews and field trips,the help of e-commerce for agricultural products sales is understood.Then,the analysis on the entire survey is summarized.Finally,the survey is researched,and it is found that the current rural e-commerce lacks professional talents and the product distribution system is not perfect.For existing problems,corresponding solutions are put forward.

Present Situation and Problems of Application of New Media in Rural E-commerce : A Case Study of Anhui Province

The application of new media technology in rural areas of China provides more convenient conditions for agricultural products publicity,transaction information dissemination and user feedback.In particular,e-commerce platform based on Internet technology provides more convenient sales channels for characteristic agricultural products.Through the research on the application of new media technology in rural areas of Anhui Province,this paper explores the actual effect of new media technology on the development of rural e-commerce.The questionnaire survey is used to understand the development status of new media in rural areas of China.They are:the development of"Internet government affairs"has begun to take shape;the official account of WeChat has shortened the time and space between the production and consumption of agricultural products.Live interaction gives full play to the powerful role of fan economy;digital media has not been widely used.Through the form of on-the-spot visits,this paper expounds the application effect of new media in the agricultural field of Anhui Province from three perspectives of the government,agricultural enterprises and farmers.It analyzes the problems existing in the application of new media in rural e-commerce in Anhui Province.They are:the new media market is still full of problems;The infrastructure construction of rural e-commerce is relatively poor;Farmers lack the guidance of professional talents;farmers' acceptance and learning ability is poor.The paper puts forward suggestions for the development status and problems of new media in rural areas of Anhui Province.They are:the provincial government should continue to promote the new media market order;all e-commerce enterprises should actively undertake social responsibility;rural e-commerce entrepreneurs should actively promote professional operation;farmers should actively change their views on new media.

Research on the Development of Rural E-commerce in China

At present,rural e-commerce is characterized by obvious improvement in market prospect,development scale and development momentum,but there are also some problems,such as farmers’low acceptance of e-commerce,lack of promotion and training of rural e-commerce,and lack of rural e-commerce talents.Based on these problems,the government needs to increase financial support for rural e-commerce,improve the distribution logistics system,and strengthen the training of rural e-commerce personnel to promote the sustainable development of rural e-commerce.

Current Situation of E-commerce Entering Rural Areas in Datong County of Qinghai Province

Datong County has been developed for nearly 5 years since it was selected as a comprehensive demonstration county of e-commerce entering rural areas in 2017.In this context,this paper analyzes the development status of e-commerce in rural areas of Datong County,and provides feasible suggestions for the development of e-commerce entering rural areas in demonstration counties.

Guizhou Signs Strategic Contract with Jingdong to Promote Rural E-commerce

On September 20,the Network+ rural innovation summit that highlights the number of Jingdong online stores surpassing 1,000 was held in Zunyi County.At the summit Jingdong Group and Guizhou Provincial Commercial Department signed a joint strategic contract to promote rural e-commerce.Both sides will make best use of '3F strategy' of Jindong rural e-commerce and the advantages of Guizhou Province,to launch a batch of rural e-commerce projects of the people and for the people,to help local rural residents gain wealth and promote the restructuring of the rural economy.

Evaluation of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation Effect in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The industrial prosperity proposed in the overall requirement of rural revitalization strategy in the Report of the 19th National Congress is the cornerstone of rural development. E-commerce poverty alleviation is an effective way of poverty alleviation in recent years. This paper mainly explored the factors influencing the rural e-commerce poverty alleviation and the evaluation of poverty alleviation effects,in order to come up with countermeasures and recommendations to provide assistance and guidance for the use of e-commerce to achieve poverty alleviation and accordingly to revitalize the rural industry. Firstly,using the literature research method,it proposed four level Ⅰ indicators influencing the e-commerce poverty alleviation,and designed a detailed level Ⅱ indicator system under each dimension. Then,the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data for SPSS analysis to verify whether the designed indicator system is correct. Finally,it analyzed the problem of the current stage of e-commerce poverty alleviation by means of the quadrifid graph,and came up with corresponding countermeasures on the basis of the four key levek I factors.

Tourist boom and rural revival-Case study of Klodzko Region(SW Poland)

Rural areas in the K?odzko Region were subject to a long-term depopulation,marginalization,and long-lasting socio-economic decline since the 19th century.In recent years,however,the study area has been subject to a shift in socio-economic trends that show rural revival.The main goal of the research is to assess the actual role of tourism in socio-economic revival of rural areas in the K?odzko Region.To determine the dynamics of the tourism function development,statistical data were used and an inventory of tourism beds in accommodation facilities was conducted.The results show that there was a substantial development of the tourism function in the study area and its most intense scale was noted in the depopulating villages,as evidenced by the increase in the numbers of tourism facilities and numbers of tourism beds.Therefore,it can be concluded that the development of tourism contributed to the limitation of negative socioeconomic processes in the area and,in the case of some villages,even to the reversal of these trends,which might testify to the rural revival.Moreover,the improvement of the socio-economic situation is visible also in the villages that do not have significant tourist values but are in the neighbourhood of tourism hotspots.This observation might be important for forecasting future development and planning of rural areas.

Rural E-commerce and County Economic Development in China

With the proliferation of information and communication technology in rural areas,rural e-commerce has gradually become a new economic phenomenon in China. Usingthe national rural e-commerce comprehensive demonstration policy as a quasi-naturalexperiment, this study examines the causal linkage between rural e-commerce andcounty-level economic development in China. Its findings, which draw on county-levelpanel data from 2011 to 2018, indicate that the policy had a positive effect on the countyleveleconomy in China, resulting in an overall increase in county GDP by 3.5 percent(0.7 percent annually). Our analysis further shows that the impact of the policy diferedalong the region and human capital dimensions. Further analysis reveals that industrialstructure and nonagricultural employment were the main channels for the policy toexert a county-level economic impact. Infrastructure improvement in China also playsan important role. The findings emphasize the importance of advancing e-commerce inrural areas to stimulate county-level economic development.

A Study on the Influence of Network Service Platforms on Increasing Income of Strawberry Growers in the Context of New Media

With the rapid development of new media,the role of network service platforms in various fields is becoming increasingly prominent.In the agricultural field,network service platforms under the background of new media have brought new opportunities and challenges to strawberry growers.This paper conducted in-depth research on the impact of network service platforms on strawberry growers'income in the context of new media.Firstly,the concepts and characteristics of new media and network service platforms,as well as the theoretical basis of farmers'income increase,were explained.Then,the current application of network service platforms in strawberry cultivation was analyzed,including the cognition and use of the platform by strawberry growers,and the service content provided by the platform,such as market information push,technical guidance and training,and sales channel expansion.The influence mechanism of network service platforms on strawberry growers'income was deeply discussed,mainly reflected in reducing information asymmetry,enhancing product added value,and expanding sales channels.In summary,the network service platform under the background of new media provides strong support for strawberry growers'income increase,but still needs to be continuously improved and developed to better serve agricultural production and farmers'income increase.

Problems in Development of Rural E- commerce and Logistics and Recommendations

Rural e-commerce and logistics development is of great significance to promote rural economic development and increase farmers' income. This paper analyzed existing problems in development of rural e-commerce and logistics in China,mainly including objective restriction of rural e-commerce and logistics by economic level,relatively backward capital construction facilities,lack of logistics information service platform,and insufficient professional personnel,and shortage of rural logistics professional personnel,and weak financial support of government. On the basis of these problems,it came up with pertinent recommendations from government,enterprises,and rural areas.

An Implication of E-business in Destination Development： A Case Study of Hainan Rural Tourism

With the rapidly development of rural tourism, tourism e-commerce provides an internet platform for it that promotes the combination of e-tourism and rural tourism. Based on the research on electronic information services, website features and mode of operation of rural tourism, a case study was employed to develop rural e-commerce in Hainan where its topical website type and function were studied. In this paper, questionnaire was using to identify existing problems in the perceptions and expectations of rural tourism tourists website features module, we recommend B2B2C model is proposed to develop rural tourism e-commerce in Hainan.

The Effects of E-Commerce on Regional Poverty Reduction:Evidence from China’s Rural E-Commerce Demonstration County Program

This paper uses the Rural E-Commerce Demonstration County(REDC)policy to estimate the effect of e-commerce on poverty reduction.We discover that the REDC policy enhanced the gross regional product per capita by 8.4 percent for the total sample of counties and 10.5 percent for a subsample of poor counties.Specifically,the REDC policy increased the aggregate final product in primary industry by 10.6 percent.The final product per capita in the secondary and service sectors was 13.1 percent and 3.3 percent higher in the REDCs than in other counties,respectively.The effects were even greater for the subsample of poor counties.The estimates demonstrate that e-commerce developed quickly in the REDCs since the implementation of the REDC policy.The income of those involved in e-commerce increased,yielding more aggregate savings deposits.The expansion of e-commerce induced more investment,suggesting that more aggregate loans are being made in REDCs.This evidence suggests new opportunities for poor people in the new digital economy.

New Patterns of County In-Situ Urbanization and Rural Development: Perspective of E-Commerce

Starting with the connotation of e-commerce and its development in counties,this paper analyzes the impact of e-commerce upon the urbanization pattern in China,and argues that influenced by the growing popularity of e-commerce in the internet era,human resources and economies at all city levels will get increasingly equal access to opportunities,and the centrality of big cities is compromised.In addition,counties and villages within their jurisdiction are presented with unprecedented opportunities.Development in rural areas will achieve a radical transition from being industrialization-driven to information-driven.This paper further sheds light on the fact that under this new urbanization trend,county in-situ urbanization and rural development driven by e-commerce will be a new approach toward urbanization in China.Then,in-depth analysis into the connotation and approaches of county in-situ urbanization is given,alongside with three different patterns for rural development which are the extension pattern,intervention pattern,and endogenesis pattern respectively,providing implication for the new urbanization in the context of information age of China.

A New Bottom-Up Process: The Rural Urbanization Driven by E-Commerce in China

Rural urbanization driven by e-commerce is a new bottom-up urbanization process originating in the information era.The systematical restructuring that this process brings about in the social life,economic environment,and physical space of the countryside,which is reflected in characteristics such as the leaping non-agriculturalization of employment,the comprehensive modernization of rural life,and the intensive spatial urbanization.Obviously,there are many common features between this new process and the old one in the past three decades,but progresses also exist.The distinctions of the countryside,such as a low-cost entrepreneurial environment,local non-agricultural industry,and resources of specialty agricultural products,are manifested in the process.Combined with the Internet and e-commerce by the rural grassroots entrepreneurs,they enable rural area to break the location constrains and join in the national even global industry division,and further realize the leaping development of scale and function.Meanwhile,the capital and talents back to the rural areas are an important guarantee for the upgrading of rural development.Consequentially,the developing and planning idea of smart shrinking is necessary for the rural urbanization process driven by e-commerce in China.

基于乡村振兴战略的农垦集团三产融合路径研究

产业兴旺是执行乡村振兴战略的首要任务,农垦集团作为中国农业的排头兵,应当为实现“农村美、农民富、农业强”贡献自己的力量。该文分析了农垦集团基于乡村振兴战略的三产融合困境:农业发展缺少资金和人才、工业发展过程中需要进一步完善现代企业制度以及农产品产销脱节。农垦集团需要构建基于乡村振兴战略的三产融合体系,实现产品、技术、信息、资金和人才的五融合,着重发展生态农业、转型升级农产品加工业、大力发展生产性服务业。通过三产深度融合,提升农产品的附加值,为产业兴旺提供助力。