How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Influential Factors, and Countermeasures of Rural E-commerce Development

The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.

Poverty alleviation through e-commerce:Village involvement and demonstration policies in rural China

The diffusion of e-commerce has played a significant role in recent rural economic development in China.E-commerce is also considered as an efficient channel to alleviate poverty in rural China.Voluminous studies have investigated the contribution of e-commerce to agricultural development,yet it is lacking empirical evidence as to the effects of e-commerce on rural poverty alleviation.Since the year of 2014,in order to develop rural e-commerce,Chinese government launched the National Rural E-commerce Comprehensive Demonstration Project.This gradual involvement policy offered a natural experiment for evaluation of e-commerce.Based on village-level survey data from rural China and Heckit method,our study finds that rural e-commerce has a significantly positive effect on rural income.Moreover,the effect is inverted U-shaped for the relative-poverty villages.The estimation of the propensity scores matching model confirms that the results are robust.The following policy recommendations are proposed:(1)policy support to rural e-commerce should prioritize the povertystricken villages.By doing so,the marginal income effects of e-commerce will be maximized.(2)Investment in internet infrastructure and establishment of human resources for e-commerce in rural areas will have spillover effects,increasing rural income through the"digital dividend".

Rural E-commerce and New Model of Rural Development in China:A Comparative Study of "Taobao Village" in Jiangsu Province

With the development of electronic commerce,there is a special phenomenon in rural areas of China that a lot of farmers in these areas depend on opening shops on Taobao online for a living. The products are made from the village workshop,and farmers become fullyfledged network businessmen. Electronic business platform mode of " Taobao Village" is the result of integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries. In this study,we take two kinds of typical Taobao villages( Dongfeng Village and Yanxia Village) as sample areas,and conduct comparative analysis of this new rural business model based on field survey data,case studies and theoretical research. We also probe into the problems in the development of Taobao villages,and set forth the recommendations for the new rural business model.

E-commerce development in rural and remote areas of BRICS countries

E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI).

Development of Rural E-commerce from the Perspective of Agricultural New Kinetic Energy Cultivation:Based on Survey on the "E-commerce Entering Villages and Households" Project of Jurong City

Taking the implementation of the"e-commerce entering villages and households"project in Jurong City as an example,a survey plan is formulated,and questionnaires are designed.Through questionnaires,a large number of agricultural households are visited,and the data are collected and collated;and using interviews and field trips,the help of e-commerce for agricultural products sales is understood.Then,the analysis on the entire survey is summarized.Finally,the survey is researched,and it is found that the current rural e-commerce lacks professional talents and the product distribution system is not perfect.For existing problems,corresponding solutions are put forward.

Present Situation and Problems of Application of New Media in Rural E-commerce : A Case Study of Anhui Province

The application of new media technology in rural areas of China provides more convenient conditions for agricultural products publicity,transaction information dissemination and user feedback.In particular,e-commerce platform based on Internet technology provides more convenient sales channels for characteristic agricultural products.Through the research on the application of new media technology in rural areas of Anhui Province,this paper explores the actual effect of new media technology on the development of rural e-commerce.The questionnaire survey is used to understand the development status of new media in rural areas of China.They are:the development of"Internet government affairs"has begun to take shape;the official account of WeChat has shortened the time and space between the production and consumption of agricultural products.Live interaction gives full play to the powerful role of fan economy;digital media has not been widely used.Through the form of on-the-spot visits,this paper expounds the application effect of new media in the agricultural field of Anhui Province from three perspectives of the government,agricultural enterprises and farmers.It analyzes the problems existing in the application of new media in rural e-commerce in Anhui Province.They are:the new media market is still full of problems;The infrastructure construction of rural e-commerce is relatively poor;Farmers lack the guidance of professional talents;farmers' acceptance and learning ability is poor.The paper puts forward suggestions for the development status and problems of new media in rural areas of Anhui Province.They are:the provincial government should continue to promote the new media market order;all e-commerce enterprises should actively undertake social responsibility;rural e-commerce entrepreneurs should actively promote professional operation;farmers should actively change their views on new media.

Research on the Development of Rural E-commerce in China

At present,rural e-commerce is characterized by obvious improvement in market prospect,development scale and development momentum,but there are also some problems,such as farmers’low acceptance of e-commerce,lack of promotion and training of rural e-commerce,and lack of rural e-commerce talents.Based on these problems,the government needs to increase financial support for rural e-commerce,improve the distribution logistics system,and strengthen the training of rural e-commerce personnel to promote the sustainable development of rural e-commerce.

Current Situation of E-commerce Entering Rural Areas in Datong County of Qinghai Province

Datong County has been developed for nearly 5 years since it was selected as a comprehensive demonstration county of e-commerce entering rural areas in 2017.In this context,this paper analyzes the development status of e-commerce in rural areas of Datong County,and provides feasible suggestions for the development of e-commerce entering rural areas in demonstration counties.

Guizhou Signs Strategic Contract with Jingdong to Promote Rural E-commerce

On September 20,the Network+ rural innovation summit that highlights the number of Jingdong online stores surpassing 1,000 was held in Zunyi County.At the summit Jingdong Group and Guizhou Provincial Commercial Department signed a joint strategic contract to promote rural e-commerce.Both sides will make best use of '3F strategy' of Jindong rural e-commerce and the advantages of Guizhou Province,to launch a batch of rural e-commerce projects of the people and for the people,to help local rural residents gain wealth and promote the restructuring of the rural economy.

Evaluation of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation Effect in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The industrial prosperity proposed in the overall requirement of rural revitalization strategy in the Report of the 19th National Congress is the cornerstone of rural development. E-commerce poverty alleviation is an effective way of poverty alleviation in recent years. This paper mainly explored the factors influencing the rural e-commerce poverty alleviation and the evaluation of poverty alleviation effects,in order to come up with countermeasures and recommendations to provide assistance and guidance for the use of e-commerce to achieve poverty alleviation and accordingly to revitalize the rural industry. Firstly,using the literature research method,it proposed four level Ⅰ indicators influencing the e-commerce poverty alleviation,and designed a detailed level Ⅱ indicator system under each dimension. Then,the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data for SPSS analysis to verify whether the designed indicator system is correct. Finally,it analyzed the problem of the current stage of e-commerce poverty alleviation by means of the quadrifid graph,and came up with corresponding countermeasures on the basis of the four key levek I factors.

中国情境下的乡村创业:一个研究框架的构建

乡村创业是推进乡村产业振兴的关键抓手和实际切入点。“千村示范、万村整治”工程创造的成功经验和实践范例,不仅成为一份中国式现代化的乡村样本,还为我国乡村创业研究提供了丰富的素材,其中乡村情境是与创业活动紧密交互且不可剥离的要素,是实践和理论的研究焦点。通过梳理全球乡村创业研究脉络发现,异质性情境决定了乡村创业研究的侧重点,使不同区域开展的研究呈现发展不平衡且碎片化的特征。为推进我国乡村创业研究的内生理论发展,通过紧扣乡村创业活动与情境的互动这一核心特征,在梳理多维情境中乡村创业研究的基础上,构建中国情境下开展乡村创业研究的综合框架。该框架遵循资源依赖理论的逻辑,通过审视乡村情境各维度蕴含的资源,分析乡村创业同情境之间的资源依赖程度,强调最契合动态嵌入模式的选择。在时间、空间双重维度中,该嵌入模式的动态特征决定了乡村创业实现路径会不断演化甚至有双元嵌入融合的可能。结论进一步厘清了乡村创业的理论边界,有助于我国乡村创业研究的理论化和系统化发展,表明在学习“千村示范、万村整治”工程所蕴含的发展理念、工作方法和推进机制时需要因地制宜,分类施策,以当地乡村情境为核心,合理编排相适配的资源,选择恰当的嵌入模式以促进当地产业有序、良性发展。

财政扶持何以提升返乡创业者创新精神?

本文选取2019年全国2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据,运用有序评定模型和中介效应模型,研究财政扶持对返乡创业者创新精神的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明,财政扶持能够促进返乡创业者创新精神的产生,其中技能培训可以培育返乡创业者的创新精神,税收减免、土地优惠和产业扶贫可以激发返乡创业者的创新精神。机制分析结果表明,财政扶持能够通过优化外部营商环境,有效激发返乡创业者的创新精神。异质性分析结果表明,相较于东西部地区、第一二产业、中低端第三产业和生存型返乡创业者,财政扶持对中部地区、高端第三产业及发展型返乡创业者创新精神的激发效果更明显。因此,加大对返乡创业者的扶持力度、优化外部营商环境、制定差异化的扶持政策,将有利于进一步激发返乡创业者的创新精神。

数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响

基于2011—2022年北京大学数字普惠金融指数等经验数据实证检验了数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响效果、机制与异质性。研究结果表明,数字普惠金融显著缓解了农村相对贫困;进一步通过变更系统GMM估计方法、替换变量处理以及样本期间波动性问题处理等方式进行检验,研究结论依然稳健;机制分析表明,数字普惠金融通过显著增加信贷规模、改善信贷结构和提高信贷质量等信贷供给机制缓解农村相对贫困,还通过显著促进创新创业缓解农村相对贫困;异质性分析表明,在非农经济比重较高、经营性收入占比较高和受教育程度较高的省份,且在数字普惠金融覆盖率、使用深度和数字化程度较高的组别,数字普惠金融的农村相对贫困缓解效应更为显著。

新农科背景下“专创融合”育人体系构建与路径优化

新农科背景下的“专创融合”育人体系构建与路径优化,对新时代知农爱农新型农业人才培养、科研技术成果转化,以及乡村振兴战略的全面推进和加快农业农村现代化发展,具有重要意义。因此,文章阐述了新农科建设宣言对“专创融合”的意义,分析了新农科背景下“专创融合”的时空优势,并采用文献法、访谈法和问卷调查法研究了新农科背景下“专创融合”存在的问题,提出了新农科背景下“专创融合”路径优化策略。

数字能力对农户家庭发展韧性的影响

在数字乡村建设的大背景下,农户数字能力的提升对拓宽农户增收渠道、增强农户内生发展动力具有重要意义。利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,深入考察了数字能力在农户家庭发展韧性中发挥的作用及其内在作用机制。研究发现:数字能力有效提高了农户家庭发展韧性,在充分考虑潜在的内生性问题并经一系列稳健性检验后,结论依旧稳健有效。进一步分析表明:数字能力对西部地区、人均收入水平较高、传统人力资本较低、中青年家庭等特征的农户家庭发展韧性增强效果更好。数字能力主要通过鼓励农户创业、深化农户参与金融市场的程度两个路径增强农户家庭发展韧性。建议加快推动数字乡村建设,健全农户数字能力培育机制,鼓励农户创业并营造良好的创业环境,推动农户积极参与金融市场,充分发挥数字能力对农户家庭发展韧性的促进作用。

乡村振兴战略背景下乡村创新创业教育人才培养

乡村教育是实现乡村振兴的重要保障,以高质量的乡村教育赋能乡村高质量振兴,主要途径是培养高素质的乡村人才。乡村创新创业教育是培养乡村创新创业人才的主要途径,能为实施乡村振兴提供高素质的乡村双创型人才,既能解决乡村振兴人才短缺问题,也是形成乡村创新驱动发展格局的重要支撑。基于乡村振兴视角,通过分析乡村创新创业教育人才培养内涵、目标和机遇,面对的现实困境,从人才理念、导师队伍、课程体系、培养路径与机制方面提出培养乡村振兴所需的高素质创新创业人才的发展建议。

乡村振兴战略背景下大学生返乡创业的困境与对策研究

乡村振兴战略是我国乡村经济发展建设的重要结构支持。大学生返乡创业也是乡村振兴发展的重要一环。新时期针对大学生返乡创业困境的分析,将以政府层面的创业政策为引导,针对创业发展问题与创业需求进行分析,并明确新时期大学生返乡创业思路,进一步结合对强化政策支持、加强资源供给与深化教育保障等对策,提升大学生返乡创业发展水平,满足乡村振兴战略背景下大学生返乡创业的多方面需求。

乡村振兴视角下湖北省农村社会创业影响因素分析

我国农村创业者在乡村振兴中扮演着越来越重要的角色。而在过去,人们对农村创业的理解仅限于发展种植养殖业、开办农家乐等,他们认为在农村创业风险大,局限性强,发展空间小,从而导致许多人不想在农村创业。此外,农村创业者主要是农民和返乡人员,在农村创业过程中会面临资金、人际关系及政策等问题,使得他们不得不放弃创业,这不利于我国的乡村振兴。因此,探讨农村社会创业的影响因素至关重要。以农村创业者为研究对象,以已有文献和相关理论作为研究基础,从农村社会创业人才创业过程分析的角度,对多个创业主体进行访谈,并运用扎根理论进行质性文本分析,发现农村社会创业的主要影响因素有产品、市场、资金、人员、关系等方面。据此,针对每个影响因素进行了具体分析,并提出积极的对策。