Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

Spatial Reconstruction of Rural Settlements in Central China

By analyzing the construction status of the rural settlement in Central China,it points out that spatial patterns of the rural residential areas always have some problems such as small scale,dispersive layout,hollowness of village,and shortage of infrastructure.Base on the idea of urban-rural interaction,industry complementarity and organic function,the rural settlement should be reconstructed in the patterns of harmony with city and town,merging center village,ecological migration,and interior reforms.

Research on financial support in new rural reconstruction

The new rural reconstruction in China cannot develop without financial support. At present, the limitations on rural finance supply constitute one of the bottlenecks in the ＂Three Nongs＂ （agriculture, countryside and farmers） problems. The paper starts from the present situation, analyses the reasons why rural finance has current difficulties and puts forward proposals for policy reform.

The Value Structure and Reconstruction of China's Rural Civilization in the New Era——An Exploration of Rural Revitalization through the Rejuvenation of Rural Civilization

Rural civilization is a pattern of human civilization that is profoundly linked with values.Rural revitalization means the rejuvenation of rural civilization under new historical circumstances.To that end,it is necessary to adopt a holistically interpreting mode that transcends individual cases,and to look through the wide-angle lens of civilization and grasp rural civilization's development trend of "prosperity-decline-rejuvenation," as well as its constructive route of "traditional construction-modern deconstructionneo-modern reconstruction." This paper analyzes the "three-in-one" value structure concerning rural civilization's being a cultural carrier,its subjective demands,and objective production,to understand and follow the diachronic evolution of the position and function of rural civilization values "from being a subject,through being an object,to being a subject." Based on this,this paper studies the construction of a subjective rural civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era and explores a possible approach to rural revitalization through the rejuvenation of rural civilization.Accordingly,the basic idea and strategy is to boost the rejuvenation of rural civilization through innovative time-space integration; to establish rural civilization's subjective status and to always prioritize agricultural and rural development; to rediscover and redefine the principles,values and functions of the rural civilization construction in the new era; and to further advance campaigns of rural civilization constructions to integrate the development of urban civilization with that of rural civilization.

共同富裕目标下东西部协作机制重构研究

东西部协作是推动区域协调发展、协同发展、共同发展,从而实现共同富裕的大战略、大举措。党的十八大以来,东西部协作和对口支援的规模不断扩大、路径不断拓宽,西部地区全面建设小康社会成果显著。进入新发展阶段,要实现党的二十大报告提出的全体人民共同富裕的中国式现代化要求,东西部协作机制需要释放“倍增效应”。为此,需要响应以巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接为起点,以缩小东西部区域城乡差距和群体收入差距为导向,以协同推进全国统一大市场建设为路径,遵循共同富裕目标下东西部协作机制的重构逻辑,以东西部协作机制重构赋能乡村振兴与区域协调发展。新发展阶段,以东西部协作机制重构赋能共同富裕,要推动“产业+园区”协作治理模式提档升级,强化“消费+就业”协作治理模式创新,探索“资源+服务”协作治理模式。

乡村振兴背景下农村公共文化空间重构研究

文章从乡村振兴背景出发,通过文献分析法阐述国内农村公共文化空间研究现状,深入思考农村公共文化空间重构的现实价值,提出了农村公共文化空间重构的实施要点和建设策略。研究认为,农村公共文化空间重构有利于完善公共文化服务体系,有利于以文化发展带动乡村经济繁荣,进而提升农村居民的精神面貌,全面实现乡村振兴。

党建引领乡村公共性重建的理论渊源、内在逻辑与实践路径

随着城镇化与市场化的推进,乡村作为国家治理的最末端日益呈现出利益分化、规则多元、价值丧失等公共性消解的特点,这不仅与现代社会发展对其产生的冲击影响有关,还涉及到国家权力在乡村社会的退场与再嵌入。乡村社会作为我国基层自治空间是我国社会治理的重要场域,中国共产党理应在此发挥领导核心作用。党建引领乡村公共性重建符合我国国家治理核心架构要求,同时也切合乡村实际与现实需要。为此,厘清乡村公共性的理论渊源与党建引领其重建的内在逻辑尤为重要。党建引领可从公共交往、公共服务、公共空间、公共规则、公共精神等五个具体维度出发,发挥基层党建引领的政治优势与制度优势,提供可操作化的实践路径,推进乡村社会组织化与再整合,从而重建乡村公共性,助力乡村有效治理。

陶行知的乡村教育情怀及其现实意蕴

陶行知乡村教育情怀是以陶行知为核心、以其弟子为代表的致力于乡村改造的教师群体所表现出来的精神特质,具有教育救国的政治抱负、乡村改造的教育信仰和心系农民的平民情感等内涵表征。这种乡村教育情怀是在“知—情—行”的实践逻辑中被蕴育与升华的。知,即以乡村改造为己任的具身认知;情,即回馈乡土的情感共鸣;行,即全域拓展乡村教育实践。乡村教育情怀既是陶行知等人进行乡村教育改造的动力与内驱力,亦是他们在改造乡村的教育实践中蕴育而出的强烈的教育情感。改造乡村的教育实践既是陶行知等人将强烈的乡村教育情感付诸行动的体现,也是他们将这种情怀不断升华的途径。通过分析与思考陶行知乡村教育情怀的内涵与实践价值,探析出其在培育新时代教师乡村教育情怀方面的现实意义,即要在乡村振兴背景下,以政治关心为底色、以乡土情感为支撑、以知行合一为途径来培养教师乡村教育情怀。

全域土地综合整治视域下的乡村空间重构路径——以汉中市谢村镇26个村庄为例

全域土地综合整治是推进乡村空间重构、建设和美乡村的重要手段。为破解乡村资源利用与要素整合方面的短板,实现乡村全域全要素协调发展。在明晰全域土地综合整治与乡村空间重构逻辑关联的基础上,以具备典型特征的汉中市谢村镇26个村庄为例,基于“人-地-产”耦合互动的分析框架,构建了乡村空间重构评价模型。运用GIS空间分析等技术,定量测度乡村空间重构耦合度与协调度的时空演变规律,并通过诊断模型等方法揭示了影响乡村发展的主要障碍因子。进一步将重构指数与协调度相结合,划分全域土地综合整治的分区格局,并提出相应的整治模式。根据弱势系统识别结果,提出了差异化的乡村空间重构路径:以盘活低效用地为核心,重构全域空间;以开展环境整治为途径,塑造宜居空间;以保护历史文化为抓手,保障宜业空间。

农民组织化再造的内生机制及路径优化——基于鄂南P村的调研经验

乡村振兴的前提是将农民组织起来,而农民组织化程度影响着基层治理的水平。目前农民组织化建设多依赖外部资源和制度规则的输入,但收效甚微。经过实地调研发现,农民内生型的组织化建设机制展现了更为强大的动力,在返乡能人带头下,通过仪式性活动激发了农民的共同体意识,甚至形成了内生性的规则体系。但目前内生型组织化再造仍然面临组织建设的后备人才不足、资源供给的可持续性存疑以及内生规则的有效性有待确认等问题。为优化农民组织化建设机制,进一步提高农民参与自治的积极性,在充分激活内生性动力的同时,可强化外源性资源的赋能作用,以保障农民组织化再造的长效机制。

从解构到重构:乡村振兴背景下旅游驱动乡村重构的机理及演进——以南宁市西乡塘区忠良村为例

基于系统理论,以典型旅游乡村为研究对象,采用“扎根+案例”的研究方法,在“解构-重构”双重逻辑的基础上,揭示旅游驱动乡村重构的机理,构建其演进模型。研究发现:①旅游驱动乡村重构的历程具有阶段性特征,其中初级阶段离不开政府这只“有形的手”的助力。②旅游驱动乡村重构的本质是实现乡村价值重创,根本途径是“人-地-业”三部曲的交互,重要支撑是“三大乡村共同体”——乡村组织文化共同体、乡村地缘经济共同体和乡村多重空间共同体,基础条件是乡村经济重构、空间重构、社会重构和文化重构。③旅游驱动乡村重构是一个动态、发展、循环的过程。④旅游驱动乡村重构与自然演化状态下的乡村均起始于经济重构,两者的核心要素为“人-地-业”,但两者在重构历程和速度上存在差异。

内生性治理:乡村数字治理的实践转向与路径重构

内生性治理是破解乡村数字治理外生干预困境的重要模式。基于个案考察的研究方法,分析浙江省湖州市C县“文明码”数字治理经验,探究乡村数字治理的实践转向过程及重构之路。结果表明:乡村数字治理实践转向是国家外生力量与乡村内生力量不断调适,进而推动治理主体、治理策略和治理资源的整体性转向,形成“内外结合、上下互动”的内生性治理模式。同时,在国家数字力量与乡村社会力量的互动中,构建“主体激活-策略重塑-资源赋能”的乡村数字治理内生性路径。其中,主体激活体现内生性治理的根本要求,策略重塑表征内生性治理的技术向度,资源赋能激发内生性治理的现实动力。据此,建议乡村数字治理赋予乡村社会更大的自主空间、建立上下互动的治理策略、塑造包容性资源激励机制,推动乡村内生性发展。

数字乡村视角下公共文化空间的重构与营造

数字技术引发经济社会各领域的深度变革,成为推动乡村振兴的新动力。乡村文化的发展迈入新的阶段,需要乡村公共文化空间作为触媒去建设全面的、科学的乡村联动平台。然而,数字乡村的建设正在改变乡村的文化生活和交流方式,赋予了乡村传统文化更高的传播力、影响力和表现力,同时也为乡村公共文化空间的重建提供了新的机会。在工业化、城市化和信息化的多重影响下,乡村公共文化空间的持续存在和发展面临着新的挑战和要求。应依托数字新媒体来推动乡村文化的传播方式,依托数字经济促进空间功能的更新和融合,依托数字技术革新传统元素的呈现方式,依托数字平台消除主体交流的障碍,通过功能整合实现物质属性的空间化、数字技术表达文化属性的空间化、社会互动来完成社会属性的空间化,从而实现乡村公共文化空间的再造。

从“教书匠”到“新乡贤”:结构化理论视角下乡村教师的角色重构

中国的基础教育最大的受众群体在乡村,最薄弱的环节也在乡村。发展乡村教育首先需要关注的是教师队伍的建设。乡村教师的专业发展既受教师自身素质的影响,也受制于学校制度的规约,教师主体与学校制度具有相互影响、相互促进的关系。通过调查发现,目前许多乡村教师沦为教学机器般的“教书匠”,需要基于角色重构的理论视野,赋予乡村教师“新乡贤”的身份。教师“新乡贤”身份的塑造可以从国家相关政策的支持、学校结构的优化及教师作为能动者的乡贤自觉等方面来实现,从而体现乡村振兴战略对乡村教师的期待。

基于行动者网络理论的生态特色型乡村空间重构过程与转型机制——以上海市青浦区莲湖村为例

乡村振兴战略背景下,以上海市莲湖村为案例,利用行动者网络理论分析框架,探究生态特色型乡村的空间重构过程及其转型机制。研究发现:①莲湖村乡村重构过程经历了以政府为主导的美丽乡村建设和以市场化为主导的民宿快速发展两个阶段,其发展转型和空间重构虽已取得一定成效,但尚未达到平衡状态。②由地方政府和民宿业主分别作为两个阶段的关键行动者主导推动的行动者网络实现了转译与承接转换,发展过程的不确定性使乡村空间仍处于动态变化中。③莲湖村乡村空间重构呈现出经济职能转型、社会结构重组和空间特征演变的特征,既可看到“自上而下”的政府政策资金支持的模式,也可看到“自下而上”市场力主导的推动。

数字治理视域下的农户生计空间重构

生计空间是农户生存发展与脱贫致富的资源载体与空间载体,是农户生计策略行为的空间基础。基于数字治理视域,对农户生计空间重构展开研究。从农村行为主体空间、农户生产空间、农户生活空间和农村生态空间四个维度对数字信息技术何以推动农户生计空间重构展开分析,揭示农户生计空间重构的基本框架。当前农户生计空间重构面临农户生计空间单一化、农户数字参与低效化和农村人力资源空心化等问题,应以数字治理为抓手,以赋能农户生计空间多样化、提升农户的数字参与水平以及推进数智人才协同并进为破局点,为农户生计空间重构提供优化路径。

乡村文化资源再造与文化认同研究——以宁夏中卫市何滩村为例

中国农村改革自1978年至今,取得了历史性成就。但中国乡村振兴进程中普遍存在村民(即认同主体)与乡村(即村民生活共同体以及文化共同体)文化互动出现的问题:一是从行动理性上看,村民作为乡村文化建设主体,主动意识和行为自觉在市场经济发展中逐渐流失,取而代之的是国家行为主体性;二是从情感认同上看,青年职业农民、青年创业者回归乡村,有助于乡村振兴。但何时回归、如何回归是发展的难点。增强乡村文化认同是吸引村民参与乡村建设的重要条件,更是解决青年人行为回归、情感回归的关键。以宁夏中卫市何滩村为例,该村通过以行政区划由来书写村史、生产要素再造助推经济发展、崇德向善助力乡风文明,再造文化资源,以确立村民文化认同,这股精神力量成为村民日用而不觉的价值遵循,也为村民自觉融入中华民族共同体夯实思想之基。

基于场所精神的乡村公共空间重构路径与图景呈现

以场所精神为理论指导,聚焦文艺乡建优秀案例,综合实地调研、学科交叉和文献研究等方法,从乡村振兴要求、空间认知转变、时代功能需要三个层次阐述乡村公共空间的更新向度,在此价值驱动下提出空间修辞和情感再造双维度重构路径。并以广西思陇社区公共空间为改造样本,通过系列设计手法诠释乡村更新图景和独特魅力。这对提高村落自我认同的凝聚力、传承乡土文化等有现实价值。

乡镇报刊何以治乡育民——以柳亚子《新黎里》办报实践为例

百年前,柳亚子创办的地方报刊《新黎里》通过新知识、新思潮的引介,使闭塞的黎里镇风气渐开。《新黎里》以“治乡育民”为办刊目的,采取地方化叙事、通俗性说理、同现实运动相结合等多项策略,贴近乡镇民众生活,引导民众铲旧去污、重构观念,实现乡镇社会的改造和转型,相对完整地呈现了民国地方乡镇报刊的传播样态,确为晚清民国时期地方乡镇新闻事业的经典案例。