Models and Methods for Urban Power Distribution Network Planning

The models, methods and their application experiences of a practical GIS(geographic information system)-based computer decision-making support system of urban power distribution network planning with seven subsystems,termed CNP,are described.In each subsystem there is at least one or one set of practical mathematical methobs.Some new models and mathematical methods have been introduced.In the development of CNP the idea of cognitive system engineering has been insisted on,which claims that human and computer intelligence should be combined together to solve the complex engineering problems cooperatively.Practical applications have shown that not only the optimal plan can be automatically reached with many complicated factors considered, but also the computation,analysis and graphic drawing burden can be released considerably.

Research on Grid Planning of Dual Power Distribution Network Based on Parallel Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

A distribution network plays an extremely important role in the safe and efficient operation of a power grid.As the core part of a power grid’s operation,a distribution network will have a significant impact on the safety and reliability of residential electricity consumption.it is necessary to actively plan and modify the distribution network’s structure in the power grid,improve the quality of the distribution network,and optimize the planning of the distribution network,so that the network can be fully utilized to meet the needs of electricity consumption.In this paper,a distribution network grid planning algorithm based on the reliability of electricity consumption was completed using ant colony algorithm.For the distribution network structure planning of dual power sources,the parallel ant colony algorithm was used to prove that the premise of parallelism is the interactive process of ant colonies,and the dual power distribution network structure model is established based on the principle of the lowest cost.The artificial ants in the algorithm were compared with real ants in nature,and the basic steps and working principle of the ant colony optimization algorithm was studied with the help of the travelling salesman problem(TSP).Then,the limitations of the ant colony algorithm were analyzed,and an improvement strategy was proposed by using python for digital simulation.The results demonstrated the reliability of model-building and algorithm improvement.

Simulation Study on Series Capacitor Compensation to Improve the Voltage Quality of Rural Power Distribution Network

In order to improve the voltage quality of rural power distribution network, the series capacitor in distribution lines is proposed. The principle of series capacitor compensation technology to improve the quality of rural power distribution lines voltage is analyzed. The real rural power distribution network simulation model is established by Power System Power System Analysis Software Package (PSASP). Simulation analysis the effect of series capacitor compensation technology to improve the voltage quality of rural power distribution network, The simulation results show that the series capacitor compensation can effectively improve the voltage quality and reduce network losses and improve the transmission capacity of rural power distribution network.

Application of Interval Algorithm in Rural Power Network Planning

Rural power network planning is a complicated nonlinear optimized combination problem which based on load forecasting results, and its actual load is affected by many uncertain factors, which influenced optimization results of rural power network planning. To solve the problems, the interval algorithm was used to modify the initial search method of uncertainty load mathematics model in rural network planning. Meanwhile, the genetic/tabu search combination algorithm was adopted to optimize the initialized network. The sample analysis results showed that compared with the certainty planning, the improved method was suitable for urban medium-voltage distribution network planning with consideration of uncertainty load and the planning results conformed to the reality.

Modeling Simulation Technology Research for Distribution Network Planning

This paper proposes to use the power system simulation software CYME to plan, model and simulate for an actual distribution network for improving the reliability and efficiency, enhancing the efficiency and capacity, simulating the abnormal condition of distribution network, and presenting operation program of safe, reliable and having simulation record statements. The modeling simulation results show that the software module has lots of advantages including high accuracy, ideal reliability, powerful practicality in simulation and analysis of distribution network, it only need to create once model, the model can sufficiently satisfy multifarious types of simulation analysis required for the distribution network planning.

Optimal Reactive Power Compensation of Distribution Network to Prevent Reactive Power Reverse

The capacitive reactive power reversal in the urban distribution grid is increasingly prominent at the period of light load in the last years.In severe cases,it will endanger the security and stability of power grid.This paper presents an optimal reactive power compensation method of distribution network to prevent reactive power reverse.Firstly,an integrated reactive power planning(RPP)model with power factor constraints is established.Capacitors and reactors are considered to be installed in the distribution system at the same time.The objective function is the cost minimization of compensation and real power loss with transformers and lines during the planning period.Nodal power factor limits and reactor capacity constraints are new constraints.Then,power factor sensitivity with respect to reactive power is derived.An improved genetic algorithm by power factor sensitivity is used to solve the model.The optimal locations and sizes of reactors and capacitors can avoid reactive power reversal and power factor exceeding the limit.Finally,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is proven by a typical high-voltage distribution network.

Collaborative Planning of Distributed Wind Power Generation and Distribution Network with Large-scale Heat Pumps

With the advancement of clean heating projects and the integration of large-scale distributed heat pumps into rural distribution networks in northern China,power grid companies face tremendous pressure to invest in power grid upgrades,which bring opportunities for renewable power generation integration.The combination of heating by distributed renewable energy with the flexible operation of heat pumps is a feasible alternative for dealing with grid reinforcement challenges resulting from heating electrification.In this paper,a mathematical model of the collaborative planning of distributed wind power generation(DWPG)and distribution network with large-scale heat pumps is developed.In this model,the operational flexibility of the heat pump load is fully considered and the requirements of a comfortable indoor temperature are met.By applying this model,the goals of not only increasing the profit of DWPG but also reducing the cost of the power grid upgrade can be achieved.

Substation planning method in an active distribution network under low-carbon economy

A substation planning method that accounts for the widespread introduction of distributed generators(DGs)in a low-carbon economy is proposed.With the proliferation of DGs,the capacity that DGs contribute to the distribution network has become increasingly important.The capacity of a DG is expressed as a capacity credit(CC)that can be evaluated according to the principle that the reliability index is unchanged before and after the introduction of the DG.A method that employs a weighted Voronoi diagram is proposed for substation planning considering CC.A low-carbon evaluation objective function is added to the substation planning model to evaluate the contribution of DGs to a low-carbon economy.A case study is analyzed to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method.

An Optimal Expansion Planning of Electric Distribution Network Incorporating Health Index and Non-network Solutions

The health status of distribution equipment and networks is not considered directly in existing distribution network planning methods.In order to effectively consider the health status and deal with the risk associated with load and renewable generation uncertainties,this paper presents a new optimal expansion planning approach for distribution network(EPADN)incorporating equipment’s health index(HI)and non-network solutions(NNSs).HI and relevant risk are used to help develop the optimal equipment replacement strategy and temporary NNSs are considered as promising options for handling the uncertainties of load growth,reliability requirements of power supply and output of distributed energy resources(DERs)at a lower cost than network alternatives.An EPADN model using network solutions(NSs)and NNSs is proposed.The planning objectives of the proposed model are safety,reliability,economy,and‘greenness’that are also the meaning of distribution network HI.A method integrating an improved niche genetic algorithm(INGA)and a spanning tree algorithm(STA)is fitted to solve the model presented here for real sized networks with a manageable computational cost.Simulation results of an actual 22-node distribution network in China,illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Optimal Feeder Routing in Urban Distribution Networks Planning with Layout Constraints and Losses

We address the problem of optimally re-routing the feeders of urban distribution network in Milano,Italy,which presents some peculiarities and significant design challenges.Milano has two separate medium-voltage(MV)distribution networks,previously operated by two different utilities,which grew up independently and incoordinately.This results in a system layout which is inefficient,redundant,and difficult to manage due to different operating procedures.The current utility UNARETI,which is in charge of the overall distribution system,aims at optimally integrating the two MV distribution networks and moving to a new specific layout that offers advantages from the perspectives of reliability and flexibility.We present a mixed-integer programming(MIP)approach for the design of a new network configuration satisfying the so-called 2-step ladder layout required by the planner.The model accounts for the main electrical constraints such as power flow equations,thermal limits of high-voltage(HV)/MV substation transformers,line thermal limits,and the maximum number of customers per feeder.Real power losses are taken into account via a quadratic formulation and a piecewise linear approximation.Computational tests on a small-scale system and on a part of the Milano distribution network are reported.

Optimal Low-voltage Distribution Topology with Integration of PV and Storage for Rural Electrification in Developing Countries:A Case Study of Cambodia

This paper addresses an optimal design of low-voltage(LV)distribution network for rural electrification considering photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES).It aims at searching for an optimal topology of an LV distribution system as well as the siting and sizing of PV and storage over a time horizon of 30 years.Firstly,the shortest-path algorithm(SPA)and first-fit bin-packing algorithm(FFBPA)are used to search for the optimal radial topology that minimizes the total length of the distribution line and improves the load balancing.Then,the optimal siting of decentralized BES(DeBES)is determined using a genetic algorithm(GA)to eliminate the undervoltage constraints due to the load consumption.Two iterative techniques are elaborated to size the maximum peak power of PV and the minimum number of DeBES that can be connected to an LV network without violating the voltage and current constraints.Then,the sizing strategy of centralized BES(CeBES)is developed to avoid reverse power flows into the medium-voltage(MV)network.Finally,a Monte Carlo approach is used to study the impact of load profile uncertainties on the topology.A non-electrified village in Cambodia has been chosen as a case study.

高比例新能源接入的主动配电网规划综述

新能源以分布式电源的形式接入配电网,给系统带来了不可控性、随机性和波动性问题。借助现代电力电子、信息通信及自动控制等技术,灵活可控的主动配电网成为发展趋势,其中主动配电网规划是近年来研究的热点之一。综合国内外在这一领域的研究成果,对主动配电网规划相关研究内容及其方法进行总结、分析及展望。对主动配电网基本结构进行了描述,介绍了配电网组成元素的特点;根据其控制变量的不同,对主动配电网规划模型进行了归类,总结了模型中的优化目标;针对常用模型求解算法及其优缺点进行分析、总结;通过对关键性问题的讨论,分析了未来主动配电网的发展趋势。

基于网源协同多阶段投资规划的配电网过网费机制设计

针对分布式电源就地消纳会造成电网企业输配电成本流失,且现行输配电价制定机制尚不能真实反映“余电上网”模式下分布式电源对配电网的实际使用情况,提出一种基于网源协同多阶段投资规划的配电网过网费机制设计。首先,根据负荷增长情况,以投资年份、投资容量为决策变量,将分布式电源规划周期分为若干阶段,在此基础上利用所提过网费模型分别求出各阶段对应的过网费。其中,源网协同多阶段规划模型的建立以分布式电源投资主体效益最大及配电网网损和电压波动最小为目标,过网费计算模型则依据分布式发电市场化交易的输配电资产占用情况、电压等级和电气距离等关键影响要素,构建了含基础费用、阻塞附加费用和交叉补贴费用的分布式电源过网费。仿真结果表明,所提出的与分布式电源投资规划相结合的过网费机制能够保证投资主体的效益和配电网的资产回收,并能在一定程度上提高分布式电源的渗透率和消纳率。

考虑风光出力不确定性及相关性的配电网规划方法

新能源在电力系统中的渗透率日益提高,大大增加了电网中的不确定因素,对配电网的规划运行和控制提出了更高的要求。配电网规划是电力系统安全稳定运行的重要基石,传统配电网规划中各参数都已确定,缺乏对不确定因素的适应性。因此,提出一种基于概率潮流的配电网规划方法,首先对配电网中的不确定因素定量建模,建立源荷出力模型,其次将风速、太阳辐射与用电负荷之间的相关性用秩相关系数矩阵表征,建立计及相关性的半不变量概率潮流计算方法,最后构建以规划成本最小为目标函数,以潮流平衡、馈线容量、节点电压、网架辐射型结构为约束条件的配电网规划模型,并通过改进惯性参数与引入变异操作对粒子群算法进行改进,利用改进后的算法求解规划模型。以33节点系统为例进行仿真,结果验证了该方法能够有效降低网损,减少网络规划费用。

基于多模态神经网络流量特征的网络应用层DDoS攻击检测方法

农业设备、传感器和监控系统与网络的连接日益紧密,给农村配电网带来了新的网络安全挑战。其中,分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击是一种常见的网络威胁,对农村配电网的安全性构成了严重威胁。针对农村配电网的特殊需求,提出一种基于多模态神经网络流量特征的网络应用层DDoS攻击检测方法。通过制定网络应用层流量数据包捕获流程并构建多模态神经网络模型,成功提取并分析了网络应用层DDoS攻击流量的特征。在加载DDoS攻击背景下的异常流量特征后,计算相关系数并设计相应的DDoS攻击检测规则,以实现对DDoS攻击的有效检测。经试验分析,所提出的方法在提取DDoS攻击相关特征上表现出色,最大提取完整度可达95%,效果明显优于对比试验中基于EEMD-LSTM的检测方法和基于条件熵与决策树的检测方法。

交通网-电网耦合框架下制氢加氢站选址定容

制氢加氢站(HPRS)的合理规划对氢燃料电池车的发展具有重要意义,为此提出交通网-电网耦合框架下的HPRS规划方法,实现大规模分布式新能源并网电力系统下的HPRS选址定容。首先,基于城市路网阻抗信息模型对氢燃料车的出行进行模拟,得到交通网层面上加氢负荷时空分布。然后,以建设运营成本、交通网加氢负荷覆盖率与电力网络运行稳定性为约束,构建多目标综合评价选址定容模型,通过改进粒子群算法对HPRS的选址和设备容量进行求解。在33节点电网和25节点交通网上进行算例分析,结果表明所提出方法有效降低了HPRS在接入电网后引起的电网损耗与电压偏差,同时提升新能源自消纳率,提高了HPRS的交通网服务质量并减少了建设运营成本。

分布式光伏并网对配电网的影响综述

随着绿色电力的大力发展和新型电力系统的建设,分布式光伏发电系统已经成为未来的重要能源形式之一。由于光伏渗透率的不断提高,分布式光伏电源并网会改变传统的配网潮流结构,对配电网的电能质量、安全保护以及规划等方面产生影响。首先概述了分布式光伏发电系统的发展现状,分析分布式光伏并网的特点以及工作原理。其次,对分布式光伏并网接入配网造成的影响及治理措施进行概述分析和总结。最后期望为分布式光伏电源接入高渗透率的可再生能源配电系统的快速发展提供参考。

双碳目标下我国配电网形态快速演进的思考

许多国家大力推动能源转型,新能源快速发展,终端用能电气化水平不断提升,促进配电网形态逐渐演进。我国碳达峰到碳中和时间跨度仅为发达国家的1/2,配电网面临补短板、保增长、促转型的多重使命,形态演进的程度更加剧烈。该文提出按照城市、园区、农村3类场景和网络架构、技术管控、商业运营3种形态分析配电网变革演进的分类方法,研判配电网形态演进的驱动力、关键环节和宏观目标,认为:城市配电网将向着“大电网主导、负荷柔性化调控、新型储能灵活配置的配用电系统”演进,园区配电网将向着“大电网支撑、多能互补型的综合能源系统”演进,农村配电网将向着“分布式新能源和储能主导,与大电网互联的新型局域电力系统”演进。政产研用各相关利益主体宜建立系统思维,运用系统方法,协同源网荷储各要素有序友好地推进配电网规划、建设和运营。

考虑源荷相关性及不确定性的配电网网架规划方法

当前,配电网网架规划在提高电网可靠性和稳定性方面发挥了关键作用,但往往忽视了源荷出力的相关性,导致弃光率高、配电网网架投资大、线路利用率低等问题。为此,提出一种考虑源荷相关性及不确定性的配电网网架规划方法。首先结合源荷历史数据,考虑光伏和负荷出力的时序自相关性,利用拉丁超立方采样和Cholesky分解法生成源、荷场景集,并计及源荷互相关性,设计源荷联合场景削减方法;其次考虑源荷出力不确定性,确定典型源荷联合场景及其概率;然后构建期望光伏消纳水平最大、期望年投资运行成本最小、线路过载概率期望值最小的配电网网架多目标优化规划模型,并考虑相关约束;采用改进NSGA-II算法求解,生成配电网网架规划方案。最后,讨论帕累托前沿解之间的差异以及不同参数对规划结果的影响,为规划决策者提供备选方案。

基于二阶锥规划的配电网源-网-荷-储联合规划方法设计

随着高比例分布式光伏接入配电网,如何对线路进行规划与源-储定址定容成为无法避免的问题。提出了配电网源-网-荷-储双层联合扩展规划策略,上层以配电网系统网络年投资费用最小和网损惩罚费用最小为目标建立线路规划模型,实现对配电网线路走向的改进;下层针对源、荷的不确定性以配电网运行收益最大为目标建立配电网源-储定址定容模型,同时引入不确定性参数对源-荷不确定性集的范围进行约束。针对所建双层规划模型非线性、难求解问题,基于二阶锥松弛算法将上述非凸、非线性优化规划模型转换为二阶锥优化模型,进而获得全局最优解,以此得到分布式光伏以及储能的最佳接入位置和容量。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效降低配电网的规划成本,促进分布式电源的消纳。