Environmental and ecological problems in the urban-rural integration were analyzed, characteristics of urban green space system introduced, such as excellent landscape eco-structure, distinctive historical and humanis...Environmental and ecological problems in the urban-rural integration were analyzed, characteristics of urban green space system introduced, such as excellent landscape eco-structure, distinctive historical and humanistic features, and diversified natural landscape resources, and also challenges pointed out. Evolution, overall spatial structure and conservation concept of conservation-minded urban green space system planning were elaborated, on the basis of which the evaluation system of conservation-minded urban green space system was studied, and it was proposed that mutual relationship between impact factors of compound value and qualitative evaluation factors should be taken into consideration as a whole in evaluating conservation effects of green space system. Quantitative evaluation indexes and qualitative evaluation measures were analyzed, an objective and precise evaluation system for the conservation-minded urban green space system was established by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to improve ecological environment during the urbanization, and fully show planning concepts of conservation-minded green space system.展开更多
探究城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的空间分布格局的影响,对评估城市生态系统的碳足迹和制定相应的碳收支管理措施具有重要意义。以净生态系统生产力(NEP)做为碳源/汇的反映指标,基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸估算杭州市主城区绿地碳源/汇的空...探究城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的空间分布格局的影响,对评估城市生态系统的碳足迹和制定相应的碳收支管理措施具有重要意义。以净生态系统生产力(NEP)做为碳源/汇的反映指标,基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸估算杭州市主城区绿地碳源/汇的空间分布格局,关注城乡梯度对不同绿地类型碳源/汇水平的作用。基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸数据综合获得绿地空间NEP,通过土地利用数据和Fragstats软件进行景观格局分析,采用多元线性回归模型和逐步回归模型筛选影响NEP的景观、植被和气象因子,最后利用广义加性模型探讨NEP与各因子之间的关系。此外,分别比较了相同统计过程在不同城乡梯度和不同绿地类型之间的模型差异。结果表明:杭州市绿地空间NEP分布及其影响因子存在显著的城乡梯度与绿地类型差异。2019—2022年杭州市主城区绿地空间,整体表现为碳源,年均NEP为-0.277 kg C m^(-2) a^(-1);其中表现为碳汇的绿地主要分布在杭州市主城区的西部,而碳源绿地主要分布在中部和东部。整体绿地空间的NEP大小与绿地斑块面积、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关。NEP随城区、城郊结合部、郊区的城乡梯度逐步增强;城区NEP与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性和气温呈负相关;城郊结合部NEP与乔木物种丰富度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与绿地斑块密度和气温呈负相关;郊区NEP则与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关。公园、农田、自然植被的NEP依次增大并受到不同因素的调控。公园NEP与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与景观分割指数、灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关;农田NEP与聚集度指数和灌木盖度呈正相关,与气温呈负相关;而自然植被NEP则与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性指数和气温呈负相关。研究进一步揭示了城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的影响,为城乡碳收支的差异化管理提供了一定的理论和数据支持。展开更多
乡村聚落内部的绿色空间(rural settlements green space,RSGS)是与乡村居民生活最为息息相关的生态空间,厘清RSGS的景观特征及区域差异成为建设生态宜居乡村和促进乡村人地关系和谐发展的关键所在。因此,该研究选择乡村聚落形态区域差...乡村聚落内部的绿色空间(rural settlements green space,RSGS)是与乡村居民生活最为息息相关的生态空间,厘清RSGS的景观特征及区域差异成为建设生态宜居乡村和促进乡村人地关系和谐发展的关键所在。因此,该研究选择乡村聚落形态区域差异显著的陕西省为典型案例,基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE),结合农村居民点数据,对陕西省RSGS进行了识别和提取,进而运用景观指数、空间自相关等方法定量分析了RSGS的景观特征及区域差异。研究结果表明:1)陕西省RSGS识别的总体精度为79.0%,在陕北高原的精度最高,秦巴山区次之。2)全省RSGS占村落总面积的43.0%,趋于空间正相关,关中平原的RSGS占比最低,秦巴山区最高。RSGS占比在海拔、坡度、降水和城乡联系距离的梯度上逐渐升高,而在气温梯度上逐渐降低,其中在坡度梯度上的分异特征最为明显。3)RSGS破碎度平均约为106.60个/km^(2),一定程度上反映了RSGS受人类干扰的程度,在人口密集的关中平原的RSGS破碎度最高,秦巴山区次之。RSGS破碎度在不同梯度上的分异特征与RSGS占比相反。4)全省RSGS连通度普遍较低,平均约为12.9%。在降水和城乡联系距离的梯度上RSGS连通度呈现总体升高的趋势,而在气温梯度上逐渐降低。未来的RSGS规划应增加公共绿地、保持私人绿地、利用自然绿地,靠近城市建成区的乡村聚落应更加注重RSGS的规划和管理。该研究结果可为乡村生态规划和美丽乡村建设提供支持。展开更多
文摘Environmental and ecological problems in the urban-rural integration were analyzed, characteristics of urban green space system introduced, such as excellent landscape eco-structure, distinctive historical and humanistic features, and diversified natural landscape resources, and also challenges pointed out. Evolution, overall spatial structure and conservation concept of conservation-minded urban green space system planning were elaborated, on the basis of which the evaluation system of conservation-minded urban green space system was studied, and it was proposed that mutual relationship between impact factors of compound value and qualitative evaluation factors should be taken into consideration as a whole in evaluating conservation effects of green space system. Quantitative evaluation indexes and qualitative evaluation measures were analyzed, an objective and precise evaluation system for the conservation-minded urban green space system was established by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to improve ecological environment during the urbanization, and fully show planning concepts of conservation-minded green space system.
文摘探究城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的空间分布格局的影响,对评估城市生态系统的碳足迹和制定相应的碳收支管理措施具有重要意义。以净生态系统生产力(NEP)做为碳源/汇的反映指标,基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸估算杭州市主城区绿地碳源/汇的空间分布格局,关注城乡梯度对不同绿地类型碳源/汇水平的作用。基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸数据综合获得绿地空间NEP,通过土地利用数据和Fragstats软件进行景观格局分析,采用多元线性回归模型和逐步回归模型筛选影响NEP的景观、植被和气象因子,最后利用广义加性模型探讨NEP与各因子之间的关系。此外,分别比较了相同统计过程在不同城乡梯度和不同绿地类型之间的模型差异。结果表明:杭州市绿地空间NEP分布及其影响因子存在显著的城乡梯度与绿地类型差异。2019—2022年杭州市主城区绿地空间,整体表现为碳源,年均NEP为-0.277 kg C m^(-2) a^(-1);其中表现为碳汇的绿地主要分布在杭州市主城区的西部,而碳源绿地主要分布在中部和东部。整体绿地空间的NEP大小与绿地斑块面积、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关。NEP随城区、城郊结合部、郊区的城乡梯度逐步增强;城区NEP与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性和气温呈负相关;城郊结合部NEP与乔木物种丰富度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与绿地斑块密度和气温呈负相关;郊区NEP则与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关。公园、农田、自然植被的NEP依次增大并受到不同因素的调控。公园NEP与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与景观分割指数、灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关;农田NEP与聚集度指数和灌木盖度呈正相关,与气温呈负相关;而自然植被NEP则与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性指数和气温呈负相关。研究进一步揭示了城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的影响,为城乡碳收支的差异化管理提供了一定的理论和数据支持。