Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children in Impoverished Rural China:A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of First Grade Junior High School

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in impoverished rural China(mainly in thefirst grade of junior high school).Methods:A cross-sectional survey of rural households in 27 poverty-stricken counties in 12 provinces across China was conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ).Results:The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children was 11.7%,and that of non-left-behind children was 8.9%.There was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.01).There are no differences between the two groups in terms of the various factors of SDQ.The incidence of insomnia in the left-behind group was 58.3%,which was higher than that in the non-left-behind group 50.9%(P<0.01);loneliness(62.1%vs.51.8%,P<0.01);running away from home(23.1%vs.18.8%,P<0.01),and self-injury behavior(16.8%vs.12.2%,P<0.01).Left-behind children are more likely to have negative psychological feelings including insomnia,loneliness,self-injury,and run away from home.They also experienced more bullying including maliciously teased by peers,intentionally excluded or isolated,physically threatened or intimidated.All of these factors are associated with their abnormal emotional and behavioural development.Conclusion:The incidence of emotional and behavioral problems of left-behind children in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children;Logistic regression analysis showed that bullying behavior and abnormal psychological characteristics are significantly associated with left-behind adolescents abnormal emotional and behavioral development.

Parental Migration’s Effects on the Academic and Non-Academic Performance of Left-Behind Children in Rural China

This study investigates the impact of parental labor migration on the academic achievements and non-academic growth of left-behind children in fourth and seventh grades. Employing survey data collected from rural China in 2014, 2015, and 2016, we examine the effect of parental absence on children's academic achievement using Propensity Score Matching(PSM) and Difference in Difference(DID) methods. The results demonstrate that left-behind children whose parents have migrated for one year have statistically significantly lower academic scores. Academic scores drop lower for fourthgrade students and students from higher-income families. There are also adverse effects on left-behind children's confidence, teacher-student relationships, subjective well-being, and educational expectations if parents migrate for one year. Surprisingly, if parental migration lasts longer(totaling two years), these adverse effects disappear, and student's educational expectations even improve. These results may be because, over time, the adverse effects that occur immediately after parental migration are offset by the positive effects of migration(i.e. higher income). These conclusions can inform migrant parents on ways to utilize their resources to improve the academic performance of their left-behind children.

Dietary Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Rural Left-behind Children Aged below 7 Years in China

Left-behind children comprise a special population inChinese rural areas. According to the 2007 China Census,the number ofleft-behind children aged≤14 years was estimated at 58 million which suggested that these childrencon stituted a

Preliminary Study on Crime Prevention of Left-behind Children in Rural China

In the process of social and economic development in China,there appears the inevitable problem of crime of left-behind children.Extensive researches and disputes prove that it is,to a greater extent,a social phenomenon resulted from social factors. It is recommended to improve the treatment of migrant workers and solve the problem of school admission for their children,provide effective legal education for those left-behind children whose problem can not be solved in a short term,and supplement the guardianship role to control the crime rate of leftbehind children. Another more effective method is to resume effective control of people's social life through the rural cultural tradition,to fundamentally prevent crime of left-behind children.

Psychological Capital Status of Left-Behind Rural Children in China and Its Relationship with Mental Health

Background:The mental health of left-behind rural children of China has become a prominent social problem.At the same time,psychological capital has become a positive psychological resource to promote personal growth.However,the relationship between psychological capital and mental health of left-behind rural children has not been explored.Method:A total of 332 left-behind rural children were investigated using a questionnaire of psychological capital and mental health scale.The psychological capital status of left-behind rural children and its impact on mental health were analyzed.Results:(1)Left-behind rural children were found to have a psychological capital score of was 3.16±0.56;Gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on psychological capital.(2)Left-behind rural children obtained a mental health score of 2.21±0.5 G and gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on mental health.(3)A significant negative correlation is found between psychological capital and mental health scores of left-behind rural children.Regression analysis shows that psychological capital is negatively correlated with mental health scores.Conclusion:The psychological capital of left-behind rural children can positively predict their mental health,and thus developing the former can promote the latter.

A Survey on English Reading Status of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Northern China

Taking Suining County in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province as the survey subject,this paper is to study the current English reading situation of the left-behind children based on a questionnaire survey of 472 respondents from 4 primary and middle schools in rural areas.The result indicated that there are serious problems in the current situation of English reading among left-behind children in rural areas,which are as follows:insufficient reading time and books,few access to having books,increased digital reading,many reading disabilities,poor reading environment,etc.This paper analyzes the reasons and gives corresponding countermeasures for society,school and family,to improve the English reading condition of rural left-behind children and to better promote their reading ability and habits.It also provides the reference for narrowing the disparity gap of reading resources services between urban and rural China.

农村留守小学生成长型思维的实证研究——基于陇南市517名农村留守小学生的调查数据

为了解农村留守小学生成长型思维发展状况及影响因素,对甘肃省陇南市的517名四至六年级的农村留守小学生进行了调查.结果显示,农村留守小学生思维模式倾向于成长型思维,且整体处于中等偏上水平,并受性别、班级成绩排名、是否担任班干部、父亲文化程度、父母过问学习频次、亲子联系频次等因素的显著影响.因此,教育者应以上述影响因素为抓手,家校合作着力提升农村留守小学生成长型思维水平.

广西玉林市农村高年级小学生心理健康状况调查

目的了解广西玉林市农村高年级小学生心理健康的现状与存在问题,提出相应的干预策略。方法采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)对广西玉林市2700名农村高年级小学生进行问卷调查,分析农村高年级小学生的心理状况。结果玉林市农村小学生心理健康问题的检出率为1.80%,不同性别在总体心理健康状况、学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向上差异显著(均P<0.05)。是否独生子女在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、身体症状和冲动倾向上,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);是否为留守儿童在总体心理健康状况、孤独倾向、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向上,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同年级的小学生在总体心理健康状况、学习焦虑、自责倾向、过敏倾向和身体症状上,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同照顾者类型的小学生在总体心理健康状况、学习焦虑、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向上,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论玉林市农村高年级小学生的心理健康状况总体良好,学习焦虑是本次调查发现的首要心理健康问题。未来可从建设心理健康服务体系等方向着手,为心理健康问题的预防与干预提供支持。

农村留守儿童孤独感现况研究

目的了解安徽省农村地区留守儿童孤独感现况及其影响因素。方法整群抽取安徽省无为县某地区两所农村小学，共882名3～6年级小学生（男472名，女410名），其中留守儿童489人。采用儿童孤独量表和自编调查表进行问卷调查。结果在被调查3～6年级小学留守儿童中存在孤独感有86人，占17．6％，孤独感发生率男、女相同都是17．6％。不同年级、年龄间的孤独感发生率的差异有显著性（P〈0．05），且随年级增加，孤独感发生率呈下降趋势（x^2趋势=5．970，P=0．015）。留守儿童孤独感可能与成绩、学习困难程度、健康状况、父母亲教育方式、父母问关系和老师教育方式等因素有一定的关系。结论农村地区留守儿童中存在一定程度的孤独感问题，老师和家长应以正确的态度和方法对待留守儿童，以减少留守儿童的孤独感。

口腔健康教育对农村小学生口腔保健KAP的影响

目的 评价口腔健康教育对农村小学生口腔保健知识、态度、行为的影响。方法 通过问卷和口腔检查 ,对户县余下镇观察点农村小学 2 2 5名 3～ 5年级学生的口腔保健KAP和口腔卫生情况进行基线调查 ,然后分为实验组和对照组。作为初级口腔保健的一部分 ,一套口腔健康教育项目提供实验组 ,并进行口腔健康教育干预 ,对照组无任何干预。结果 通过干预 ,实验组知识水平有明显的提高 ,且与对照组有显著性差异 ;牙菌斑指数在实验组有明显的降低 ,与对照组有显著性差异。结论 健康教育干预对改善农村小学生口腔保健知识、观念、行为有明显的促进作用 ,口腔健康教育是提高农村小学生口腔知识水平和改善口腔状况的有效途径。

重庆市永川区小学留守与非留守儿童心理健康状况的对照研究

目的了解重庆市永川区小学阶段留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康状况,为留守儿童心理研究和制订预防留守儿童心理问题的策略和措施提供理论依据。方法选用小学生心理健康评定量表(MHRSP)对永川区4所小学4 987名在校小学生心理健康状况进行评定。其中非留守儿童3 482人(69.82%),留守儿童为1 505人(30.18%)。结果共收回有效问卷为4 753份,有效回收率为95.31%。留守儿童MHRSP总分偏离检出率为13.98%,明显高于非留守儿童MHRSP总分偏离检出率(6.33%);留守儿童学习障碍的偏离检出率为14.90%,情绪障碍的偏离检出率为16.81%,性格缺陷的偏离检出率为12.36%,社会适应障碍的偏离检出率为13.91%,品德缺陷的偏离检出率为14.27%,不良习惯的偏离检出率为15.61%,行为障碍的偏离检出率为16.53%,特种障碍的偏离检出率为11.72%,与非留守儿童相比,除性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他5项检出率及评分均高于非留守儿童。男生学习障碍、情绪障碍、不良习惯分量表得分均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高年级学生在学习障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、行为障碍分量表得分高于低年级学生,差异有统计学差异意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市永川区农村留守儿童心理健康水平较低,较非留守儿童问题更为严重,在开展小学生心理健康教育工作中,尤其应重视农村留守儿童的心理健康教育,并针对不同年龄和性别开展心理健康教育。

山区农村小学生心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

小学生心理健康状况一直是心理学重点研究的领域,为了了解山区农村小学生心理健康现状,我们对538名山区农村小学生进行了问卷调查,结果显示:山区农村小学生整体心理健康水平较好,但也存在着不容忽视的问题。主要表现出高学习焦虑、自责倾向和恐怖倾向,并男女生比较差异显著;在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、恐怖倾向分量表上,年级得分有显著差异。家庭环境、父母教养方式、学习压力等,是山区农村小学生心理健康水平的影响因素。

某农村地区小学四年级学生预防性侵犯知识和技能调查研究

目的:了解农村小学四年级学生预防性侵犯知识和技能状况。方法:采用自填式问卷方法,在河南某农村地区8所小学对388名四年级学生进行了问卷调查。结果:在被调查的小学生中,53.1%的学生知道陌生人的概念;21.4%的学生知道喜欢的人也有可能以让人感觉不好的方式接触儿童的身体;如果被喜爱的人触摸了隐私部位,表示能告诉另一个信任的成年人的只有13.4%。若被人试图触摸隐私部位,认为有可以告诉的家庭外其他成年人的只有9.0%。结论和建议:农村小学四年级学生缺少基本的预防儿童性侵犯知识和技能,应重视农村地区小学预防性侵犯教育。

农村儿童应对性侵犯能力现况及其影响因素分析

目的：了解农村儿童应对性侵犯能力现况并探索其影响因素，为预防儿童性侵犯提供科学依据。方法：抽取河北省3个农村地区6所小学3～6年级学生1345名，采用儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童孤独量表、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表及自编问卷进行集体匿名问卷调查。结果：农村儿童对熟悉的人和喜欢的人警惕性较低，仅29.2％的学生知道喜欢的人也可能用让人感觉不好的方式接触自己的身体。遇到性侵犯发生时，除了家人外较少求助家庭以外的人，仅42.6％的学生知道可以向家庭以外的人求助。多因素分析结果显示，低年级、母亲长期外出、孤独情绪是农村儿童预防性侵犯能力的影响因素。结论：农村儿童预防性侵犯能力依然有待提高，低年级、母亲长期外出、孤独情绪对其有重要影响，在开展相关工作时要有侧重、有计划，做到全面布控，重点干预。

浙北地区农村小学生伤害认知与行为研究

目的探讨农村小学生伤害认知与行为特点,为开展伤害健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取浙北地区4所农村完全小学6个年级共3385名学生,调查研究对象伤害相关知识掌握情况与安全行为习惯养成情况。结果伤害相关知识测试平均得分52.7分,男女学生无差异,高年级段学生高于低年级段学生;安全行为习惯评价平均得分66.9分,女生高于男生,低年级学生高于高年级学生。结论应针对农村小学生伤害认知与行为特点开展有效的伤害健康教育,预防和控制农村小学生伤害的发生。

农村中学留守学生英语学习现状调查与分析

本调查以江西省抚州市临川区某农村初级中学初二和初三两个年级四个班的211名学生为研究对象,通过对这些留守学生的家庭教育环境、学校的英语教育环境及他们自身的英语素质情况进行调查,了解农村留守儿童的生活、学习和英语教育现状及其英语学习的真实环境和状况,并分析产生这些状况的原因。

“新媒体时代”小学生最喜欢阅读哪类课外书——小学生课外阅读调查研究之六

尽管从本调查结果中只能看到小学生课外阅读的某些不足,如喜欢读科普知识、儿童小说、儿童诗、古典诗歌等的比例还低于甚或远远低于喜欢读明星趣事、魔幻小说、作文辅导、鬼故事和武侠小说等的比例,但是,如果联系一下当前小学生何以会有这样的阅读“需求”以及社会“供给”状况来看,则可以说今日之小学生的课外阅读还是存在着不小的问题。倘若想让孩子们真正地热爱上读书并多读值得一读的书,那么,我们的社会就必须在很多很多的事上先做好。

咸阳北5县农村小学生口腔知识态度行为调查

目的了解咸阳北5县（旬邑、长武、彬县、永寿、淳化）农村儿童口腔卫生知识、态度和行为。方法按照整群抽样的方法，随机选取5所小学的学生作为研究对象，进行问卷调查。结果共调查6～14岁儿童926人，77．9％的小学生已经认识到刷牙的重要性，但相关知识有所欠缺，尤其是对牙菌斑认识不清，刷牙行为亦不够乐观，从未刷牙者占观察人群的20．7％，每天刷牙2次及2次以上者仅占观察人群的25．8％。结论应在贫困农村小学设立口腔健康教育课程，积极开展健康教育活动，普及口腔健康知识，发动学生、家长和学校的积极性，使小学生养成良好的口腔卫生习惯。

参保小学生决策人对城乡居民基本医疗保险的满意度及其影响因素研究

目的了解小学生参加城乡居民基本医疗保险的现状、参保小学生决策人满意度及其影响因素,为进一步完善并推广长沙市城乡居民基本医疗保险提供政策建议。方法采用二阶段随机整群抽样方法对小学生家长进行问卷调查,通过聚类分析、多水平模型、logistic回归分析了解参保小学生决策人满意度的主要影响因素。结果参保小学生决策人对长沙市目前实施的城乡居民基本医疗保险满意度得分为50.13分,总体满意度中等偏上;小学生年平均医疗卫生费用、家庭人均月收入、决策人的性别、决策人对医保政策的了解程度、从政府部门获取医保信息难易程度和对获取医保信息清楚程度是影响其满意度的主要因素。结论城乡居民基本医疗保险应加强对小学生家长的宣传,积极引导小学生参保及合理利用,提高满意度。

农村小学四年级学生预防性侵犯教育影响评价

目的:评价学校预防性侵犯教育对农村小学四年级学生知识和技能的影响,为在农村小学开展预防性侵犯教育和研究提供科学依据。方法:本研究对象为河南省某农村地区8所小学四年级小学生。以学校为单位将学生分为教育组和对照组。由研究者在学校对学生开展教育。分别于教育前、教育后1周和教育后5个月对学生进行问卷调查,通过比较教育组学生与对照组学生知识技能的变化,评价教育对学生知识和技能的影响。结果:与对照组学生相比,教育后教育组学生预防性侵犯知识和技能得分明显增加;如果有性侵犯发生,表示能披露性侵犯事件的比例明显增多。教育后5个月追踪调查显示,学生预防性侵犯知识技能水平仍明显高于教育前。结论:学校预防性侵犯教育,可以帮助农村小学四年级学生学习预防性侵犯知识和技能。