Comparative Research on the Rural Development Levels of 31 Provinces and Regions in China

According to the 2010 China Statistical Yearbook,a total of 12 indicators in the aspects of residents' production,consumption expenditure,and living conditions are selected in order to construct the indicator system of rural development level.Both factor analysis and cluster analysis methods are adopted to compare the current situations of rural development levels in 31 provinces and regions of China.Result of factor analysis shows that the 12 indicators can be classified into 4 factors,such as the income and expenditure factor,the agricultural scale and science and technology factor,the life quality factor,and the agricultural output factor.Moreover,factors affecting the rural development level of China are analyzed.Then,the 31 provinces and regions are divided into 4 categories according to the development levels in rural areas:the first category is Shanghai,Beijing and Zhejiang,which have the highest development level in rural areas;the second category includes Jiangsu,Shandong and Tianjin,which take the 4th to 6th places;the third category is Guangdong,Jilin,Liaoning,Hebei,Fujian,Heilongjiang,Henan,Inner Mongolia,Anhui,Hubei,Hunan and Jiangxi,which rank the 7th-18th;and the fourth category includes Sichuan,Hainan,Ningxia,Shanxi,Guangxi,Shanxi,Xinjiang,Chongqing,Tibet,Yunnan,Gansu,Qinghai and Guizhou,taking the 19th-31st places.

Overview of Research on Relationship between Income Level and Happiness of Chinese Rural Residents

By conducting meta-analysis on the researches of relationship between income level and happiness at home and abroad,this paper researches the relationship between income level and happiness.The results show that the relationship between income level and happiness takes on U-shape curve,and it can be explained from adaptation,social comparison and psychological expectation.Finally,in order to promote rural residents' income level and strengthen rural residents' happiness in China,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows:bridge gap of urban-rural residents' income distribution;dilute the competitions for money and status among people;perfect rural social security system;endeavor to create a situation in which all rural residents do their best.

Constructing Index System for Evaluating Work Level in Rural Endowment Insurance

This paper used fuzzy math principles, analyzed different aspects of the work of the current rural endowment insurance and formed the indices to assess the work level of the rural endowment insurance. After selecting the indices of the work level scientificly, constructed the index system to evaluate the work level of the rural endowment insurance and the index system was expressed in the form of math equation. In this way, an objective standard used to evaluate the work level of rural endowment insurance was establised.

Nail Selenium Level and Diabetes in Older People in Rural China

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between selenium levels and diabetes in an older population with life-long natural exposure to selenium in rural China. A total of 1856 subjects aged 65 years or older from four Chinese rural counties with different environmental selenium levels were evaluated. Analysis of covariance models and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between nail selenium levels and serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance [using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance （HOMA-IR）], and the risk of diabetes. The mean nail selenium level was 0.461μg/g and the prevalence rate of diabetes was 8.3% in this population. The mean nail selenium level was significantly higher in the group with diabetes than in the group without diabetes （P〈0.0001）. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes were 2.65 （95% Cl： 1.48 to 4.73）, 2.47 （95% CI： 1.37 to 4.45）, and 3.30 （95% Cl： 1.85 to 5.88） from the second selenium quartile to the fourth quartile, respectively, compared with the first quartile group. The mean serum glucose and HOMA-IR in the higher selenium quartile groups were significantly higher than those of the lowest quartile group. However, no significant differences in insulin were observed among the four quartile groups. A long-term, higher level of exposure to selenium may be associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the association between selenium and insulin resistance.

Economic and Financial Structural Adjustment at Village Level: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Guizhou Province

Village-level economy is not only the important foundation for promoting grass-roots agricultural and rural modernization, but also an essential guarantee for sustainable development of small scale economy of rural farmer households. Research on this field will play a significant role in rural economic development of Guizhou Province. Taking the observation data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis on land scale and use structure, scale and composition of fixed assets for production, level and composition of operational income, and level and composition of financial revenue and expenditure at village level. Finally, we put forward conclusions and recommendations.

Human Capital of Family and Social Mobility in Rural Areas-Evidence from China

This research focuses on the impact of family＇s human capital on social mobility in China＇s rural community.Empirical research is conducted based on data from surveying a typical rural community in the past 20 yr.The study indicates that social mobility in rural area is active in the past 20 yr,and the human capital of family,represented by primary labor＇s education level,has played an essential role in mobility of low social class.Meanwhile,socio-economic development and the change of supply and demand in labor market dims the signaling role of degree education,but the impact of occupational training is increasingly remarkable.Therefore,the change from sole degree education to multi-leveled education including occupational education and training is a main way for China＇s rural families in low class to realize social mobility.

Building a New Socialist Countryside, Improving Commission and Agent System of “Village-level Accounting”

Rural finance is an issue concerned with rural people, improving rural financial management is important to close the relations of cadres and masses, maintain rural stability, and promote rural economic development. This article explained the main problems of village financial, the needs of introducing commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂ for building a new socialist countryside, and the measures of improving commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂.

农村基层党组织组织力的系统化运作及其提升策略

从政治系统来审视农村基层党组织,其具备系统的整体属性和运作体系,组织力表现为系统内外各要素有机结合的整体力量。在政治系统论的分析框架下,一方面,农村基层党组织系统的复杂多样易引发组织力的滞后困顿,出现组织力困境;另一方面,农村基层党组织以独特的政治优势规范了“输入—转换—输出”的系统运作流程,通过与内外部环境的多维互动和功能互补形成反馈闭环,构成一体化的循环链,由此决定了持续提升农村基层党组织组织力是一项动态的系统工程。解析农村基层党组织的领导与运行工作,其在现实生活中仍然面临内外部因素共同刺激而导致的领导力弱化、凝聚力式微、执行力失范和服务力缺位之困境,组织力水平尚未达到全面推进乡村振兴战略的系统性目标要求,这进一步倒逼农村基层党组织从各个环节入手构建提升组织力的有效策略:政治系统“输入”环节调动“党性—结构—民意”的整合性,政治系统“转换”“输出”环节激活“集成—巩固—共生”的驱动性,政治系统“反馈”环节释放“价值—功能—制度”的交互性。上述策略统筹保障组织的系统化运作及其组织力整合后的正向提升,进而为中国共产党基层治理的持续性发展提供实践遵循。

乡村振兴战略下陕西省农村物流发展水平测度与路径研究

发展农村物流是推进乡村振兴的重要举措,陕西省作为西北地区的农业大省,近年来持续加大交通基础设施建设力度,完善县乡村三级物流体系,积极培育农村物流服务品牌,但依然存在物流基础设施建设相对滞后、物流资源缺乏深度整合、物流服务标准化不足、数字技术应用水平稍显薄弱等问题。在深入分析发展现状和短板的基础上,选取基于熵权的TOPSIS评价方法,从经济发展、物流规模、基础设施、信息化程度四个维度评估市级、县级两个层面农村物流发展状况,进一步探究农村物流发展的难点与路径,并提出优化服务网络功能,完善物流基础设施布局、提高资源利用效率,深化多点融合模式、完善监管服务体系,提高农村物流服务标准等发展路径,更加高效地推动陕西农村物流的发展。

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

县域医共体助力乡村振兴的实践路径研究

乡村振兴背景下,基层医疗卫生机构受体制机制的束缚,存在服务能力弱、反应性差、服务分隔与碎片化、服务低效与资源错配、理念落后和模式单一等问题。县域医共体以医疗组织形式的创新,通过体制机制改革,弥合城乡医疗服务能力差距,改善服务碎片化,激发服务积极性,为乡村振兴提供健康保障。

县域统筹乡村建设的模式与策略研究

我国乡村发展呈现网络化与多元化并进的新格局,乡村建设进入增数量与提质量并重的新阶段,但也表现出投入效益不高、供需不匹配、运营压力大等新问题。解决问题的关键,是遵循“人口流动-布局优化-设施建设-运营维护”耦合的逻辑,加强县域层面的乡村建设统筹,因地制宜采取城乡一体化、分区统筹、集中与分散相结合、固定与流动相结合4种主要模式,努力做到4个统筹、处理好4个关系:一是统筹差异化建设目标,处理好“拉长版”与“保底线”的关系;二是统筹各部门专项资金,处理好“条”与“块”的关系;三是统筹全生命周期管理,处理好“建设”与“运维”的关系;四是统筹多主体共同参与,处理好“农民”与“政府”“企业”的关系。

乡村振兴人才培养“四级递进”产教融合模式创新与实践——以黄冈职业技术学院为例

针对乡村振兴人才培养中需求不匹配、机制不协同、创新引领不够等问题,以黄冈职业技术学院为例,对涉农职业教育产教融合的途径与方式进行了全面系统的研究与实践,逐步形成了“面向产业需求、融入产业实际、服务产业发展、引领产业革新”的四级递进式产教融合人才培养模式,创新了政府、产业、高校三者之间的“三螺旋”理论,为区域乡村全面振兴提供了有力的人才科技支撑。

基于改进模糊综合评价的乡村建设发展水平评价研究——以云南嵩明县为例

乡村建设是实施乡村振兴战略的重要任务,也是国家现代化建设的重要内容。研究从乡村建设视角切入,在众多的乡村建设水平影响因素中,构建综合反映乡村建设发展水平的评价指标体系,根据2023年云南省昆明市嵩明县乡村建设评价的调研数据,综合运用AHP—黄金分割改进的模糊综合评价法分析嵩明县乡村建设发展水平。结果表明嵩明县的乡村建设发展水平在云南省处于中等,并对评价结果产生的原因展开讨论。文中构建的指标体系与模型能客观分析乡村的综合发展水平,以期为相关部门及人员破解乡村建设发展问题提供有力支撑,为制定合理的乡村建设规划与策略提供依据。

乡村产业振兴背景下村级特色产业发展路径探析

本文采用实地调研和文献查阅相结合的方法,对胡阳西红柿产业进行调研分析,探讨了村级特色产业发展的现状和亟待提升的环节。针对村级特色产业规模、村民农技知识、农产品品牌效益和农产品电商经营等方面,提出“一村一品”+合作社,品牌+技术创新,投资+产业多元化,乡村人才+能人+培养,村级文化符号+精神文化产业等村级特色产业的发展路径,为乡村产业振兴背景下村级特色产业发展提供参考。

乡村振兴中村级协商民主的提升路径探析——基于浙江省小古城村“众人的事由众人商量”的经验分析

村级协商民主是基层协商民主的重要组成部分,发展村级协商民主能够保障农民的合法权益,调动其参与村庄公共事务的热情。在乡村振兴时期为发挥农民的主体作用,提升乡村治理效能,需要构建起村级协商民主的新路径。通过对浙江省小古城村协商民主实践进行经验总结发现,该村通过实行党建引领促进村级协商民主开展、多元主体参与实现决策的科学化、协商程序规范确保协商活动有序、监督落实到位展现村级协商民主成效等制度,真正实现了“众人的事由众人商量”。因此,在乡村振兴的新时期以小古城村的经验作为参考,发展村级协商民主需要坚持党的领导,为村级协商民主提供根本保障;培育村民权利主体意识,营造民主开放的协商氛围;完善相关制度设计,促进村级协商民主高质量发展;利用数字技术赋能,构建数字化协商平台;发挥村级协商议事组织功能,提升协商主体能力。

长三角地区县域城乡融合发展水平测度及影响因素分析

县域城乡融合是中国城乡关系演进新的阶段,是实现以县域为重要载体的城镇化与乡村振兴协同发展的关键。测度2010—2021年长三角地区152个县级行政单元的城乡融合发展水平,对时空演变特征与影响因素进行分析。研究表明:长三角地区县域城乡融合发展水平呈现波动上升趋势,并表现出生态融合>人口融合>空间融合>经济融合>社会融合的维度差异。空间分布上呈现出“东部为中心、向四周辐射”的“核心—边缘”结构特征。动态演变进程中呈现出低水平融合区逐渐向中等水平融合区的转变趋势。影响因素分析表明,财政自给率显著地促进县域城乡融合发展水平的提升,产业结构失衡、金融借贷比则与其呈显著的负相关关系,且各影响因素在不同县级行政单元人口规模和经济区位中均存在异质性。

乡村教育振兴背景下提升农村幼儿教师专业发展水平的策略

教育在乡村振兴中发挥着基础性、先导性作用,发展乡村教育,教师是关键,农村幼儿教师的专业素养水平是影响幼儿教育质量的关键性要素。在问卷调查和访谈结果的基础上,对山东省农村幼儿教师专业发展现状进行详细分析,提出建立健全农村幼儿教师专业发展保障制度,构建“全面+分层”的教师专业发展培训体系,开发数字化、新形态幼儿教师职后培训课程,开展多途径、多样化的农村幼儿教师专业发展指导活动,强化农村幼儿教师师资队伍建设,助力农村幼儿教师专业发展等提升农村幼儿教师专业发展水平的策略。

魏晋公府从事中郎考述

魏晋时期,诸公及位从公的统兵幕府专设从事中郎一职。魏晋公府的从事中郎不再是以皇帝私属家臣身份督军的耳目,而是府君信赖的心腹僚属,与长官维持紧密的附庸关系。其地位介于长史、司马和参军、掾吏之间,作为高级行政助理,有权过问本府咨议、机要、人事、指挥、法宪等事务,并可全权代表府主办事,乃幕府纲纪显职。从事中郎的选任资格与乡品三品固定搭配,阀阅世资以高门士族为主,兼采优秀寒素。其仕宦履历不乏专属乡品二品的清要职位,晋升过程相互衔接司空见惯,反映当时门阀大幕虽已拉开,但对流孔道尚未完全封闭。从事中郎仕途的末段普遍跻身三品官,反证乡品对仕宦前景具有等位的预期功能。中正主观评议的乡品不同于单纯核算世资的门品,这是研究从事中郎及其他职官必须加以细致区分的。

农村三产融合影响农村居民消费的空间效应及传导机制研究

随着乡村振兴战略的全面推进,农村三产融合日益成为促进农村居民生活富裕,提升农村居民消费水平的重要动力。利用江苏2013—2022年13个地级市面板数据,构建空间计量模型,考察农村三产融合对农村居民消费水平的影响效应和传导机制。结果表明:农村三产融合水平、农村居民消费水平均以“高—高”集聚或“低—低”集聚两种方式呈现出明显的空间聚集特征。农村三产融合水平存在显著的空间依赖性,周边地区农村三产融合水平提高能够有效促进本地区农村三产融合水平提高。农村三产融合水平的提高既有效促进本地区农村居民消费水平提高,也通过空间溢出效应对周边地区农村居民消费水平产生促进作用,并且这样的促进作用存在异质性特征。机制检验表明,农村三产融合对农村居民消费水平的促进作用,主要依靠农业产业链延伸、农业服务业融合发展、农民增收、城乡融合传导等方式。