Analysis of the impact of exercise education interventions on middle-aged and elderly people in Central-western rural China

This study aims to analyze the impact of health education effort that promote exercise activities have had on middle-aged and older people in central-western rural China.The Project for Family Health Care(PFHC)of the population in central and western China used questionnaires completed anonymously to survey 4217 randomly selected respondents in the baseline year of 2011,and 4529 in the end-line year of 2015.We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between several factors and regular exercise activities.The 2011 baseline year sample indicated that 90.5%of respondents knew the functions of regular exercise,but that only 45.4%participated in regular exercise activities.In the baseline multivariate model,a number of factors were positively associated with the prevalence of participation in regular exercise activities.Respondents who were women,older,retired,lived with children,had chronic diseases,and self-reported better health were more likely to participate in regular exercise.The proportion of those participating in regular exercise increased to 75.9%among the end-line year respondents after health education.This study revealed that health education interventions effectively encouraged rural middle-aged and elderly people to participate in regular exercise activities.Health education efforts of this sort for rural middle-aged and older adults should be further strengthened,and more public facilities for exercise should be provided.

关于老龄女性化与农村老年妇女生存状况的思考——基于吉林省百村老年妇女生存现状调查

随着我国老年人口的增多,老龄女性化的趋势日益突出,老年妇女问题也逐渐凸显。但农村老年女性作为社会的边缘群体很少得到社会的关注。笔者针对"吉林省百村老年妇女生存现状调查"的结果进行研究,发现农村老年女性中存在着身体健康状况差、政治参与度低、文化娱乐资源匮乏、孤寡老年妇女贫困化程度高的生存问题。为此,笔者提出要推进老龄化社会下的性别主流化,改善老年妇女的生存状况,并提出对策建议。

农村社区中老年妇女肥胖及相关因素分析

目的分析安徽省农村社区中老年妇女肥胖患病率及其危险因素,为开展农村社区中老年妇女肥胖防治工作提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法选择45岁及其以上的中老年妇女进行入户健康状况调查和体检。结果共调查3 319名中老年农村妇女,其中超重959人（标化率28.89%）,肥胖270人（标化率8.06%）,腹型肥胖为2 052人（标化率60.86%）。≥65岁年龄组妇女体质指数（BMI）低于其他年龄组,腰臀比高于其他年龄组。55～64岁中老年妇女超重和肥胖患病率均高于其他年龄组,≥65岁年龄组妇女的腹型肥胖患病率高于其他年龄组。Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、职业、睡眠时间、蔬菜摄入、蛋类摄入和水果摄入是肥胖的影响因素,其中,年龄小、蔬菜摄入多和蛋类摄入多为保护因素;职业（务农、务工和家务）、睡眠时间长和水果摄入多为危险因素。结论肥胖与多种危险因素密切相关,农村社区中老年妇女超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖患病率高,应积极开展健康知识教育,提高农村社区中老年妇女的保健意识和健康水平。

“三留守”关爱服务体系实体保障机制建设的思考

“三留守”关爱服务体系建设是实现乡村振兴的重要一环,其实体保障机制要从制度、机制、保障等方面健全,探索国家决策、实体制度和地方实体制度的纵向完善机制,健全明确牵头单位、主体成员组织、关爱服务主体权责的横向完善机制,完善制度建设纵横交错、填补盲点的制度机制,推进“三留守”关爱服务体系实体、政策、组织、投入、社会参与的机制保障建设。只有从机制完善上着力,才能保证实体建设过程遵循内在必然性展开,建设的实体制度才具有科学性、可行性,才能保证其实施的有效性。