Design of Water Disinfection Scheme for Rural Drinking Water Safety Project

As further promotion of the rural drinking water safety project in whole country, small villages in vast countryside have been or will be equipped with safety drinking water project. We analyzed necessity of the rural drinking water disinfection, discussed disinfection method suitable for rural drinking water characteristics, and put forward disinfection schemes for different water supply sources.

Analysis and Discussion on Property Right of Rural Drinking Water Projects

Since rural drinking water projects have diversified investment subjects,complex form,and lacks property right system and policy at national level,there are many difficulties in determining property right of projects in many areas.This not only puzzles competent authorities and specific management institution,but also is unfavorable for long-term full play of project benefit.Combining related laws,regulations,and policies,this paper analyzed and discussed property right of rural drinking water projects.It proposed establishing usufructuary right to replace division of property right,in the hope of helping improve management of rural drinking water projects.

Rural Water Supply Management and Sustainability: The Case of Adama Area, Ethiopia

Wise utilization of water resources is becoming very important as world faces water crises. The main objective of this study was to investigate the rural water supply systems with case study in Adama area, in central Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Four sample water schemes were selected and totally 148 (63 were female) representative households were selected for answering the questionnaires. Key informant interviews and group discussions were also conducted. The study assessed issues such as community participation, water committee empowerment, management and governance of water supply schemes, women participation, functional status of water supply scheme, sanitation and hygiene issues, external support, and monitoring system of water supply schemes. The findings indicated that the community participation in planning and implementation was very good while monitoring mechanism of operation and management as well as community participation on choice of technology was poor. The water schemes were located at reasonable distances i.e. less than 2 km in most cases and the time taken for round trip to fetch water from source was less than or equal to 30 minutes in most cases, however the queuing time was more than an hour. The water supply was inadequate as only about 15% of beneficiaries could get 20 liters of water per day per capita. The water sources were exposed in many cases to human waste, wild life, livestock and uncontrolled flooding. Sanitary practices in the study area were poor as only about 3.4% had ventilated and improved pit latrine and open pit and/or open field defecation were widely practiced.

A Study on the Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Rural Areas of Mazandaran Province in North of Iran (2011)

Backgrounds: One of the fundamental needs of a community is to have an access to healthy and safe drinking water. The lack of a concentrated accessibility to health facilities and services is among the serious problems facing villagers in the rural areas. The aims of this research was to investigate the drinking water quality of the villages in Babol township suburbs in north of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 140 water samples were taken from the water distribution network in16 villages for the low and high-rain seasons in sterile glass bottle. The microbial quality of gathered samples were determined based on standard methods in laboratory. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using a SPSS16 statistical software. Findings: Based on obtained results 13.6% of the samples were contaminated to coliform and 20% to fecal coliform bacteria. The residual chlorine in 12.5% of the samples were between 0.2 to 0.8 mg·L-1 and the PH in total samples were between 6.8 to 7.8. There were no signs of any contamination for 32.86% of the analysed samples which water resources is located to a distance of more than 30 m to the contamination sources. In addition, 43.1% of the samples taken from the water resources with no plumbing system, have had a fecal contamination. Conclusions: Considering the results achieved, the microbial quality of the drinking water of the studied villages classified as “moderate” status. For more water supply there is not sufficient residual chlorine in most cases. Poor sanitation of water supply is most causes of water contamination. It is therefore strongly recommended that sanitation measures are made to protect water resources from the contamination.

Environmental Assessment of Infrastructure Projects of Water Sector in Baghdad, Iraq

In 1970s the city of Baghdad had a good infrastructure. Education and healthcare systems were widely regarded as the best in the Middle East. Income per capita rose to over US$3600 in the early 1980s. Since that time, successive wars and a repressive, state-dominated economic system have stifled economic growth and development and debilitated basic infrastructure and social services. At the end of the 2003 war, Baghdad’s infrastructure was seriously degraded. The majority of the population had limited or inadequate access to essential basic services. Currently, there is an ongoing effort by donor countries, such as the United States (US) (through the US Agency for International Development (USAID)), Japan, the European Union (EU), etc., as well as efforts by multilateral agencies such as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), to restore the sector to standards that existed prior to the latest conflict. The present study deals with the evaluation of four projects proposed to improve the deteriorating status of water and wastewater treatment plants. Three methods viz. checklist, strategic environment assessment and cost and benefit analysis are used to evaluate the efficiency of the projects.

对某城乡供水工程自动化控制的设计和应用研究

城乡供水自动化是解决农村饮水安全的重要措施,能够有效保证供水工程的管理决策能力和应用服务水平。总结了某城乡供水项目中自动化控制的设计和应用,不仅能有效的弥补水利工程建设过程中存在的不足,此外在实现水利工程长远发展、提高水利工程管理水平中也发挥了重要性作用,可以实现城乡供水后期运行中节水、减员、降本、增效的功能优势,推动了城乡供水的均等化服务,有效巩固当地的脱贫攻坚工作。

2020—2022年我国农村集中式供水工程水质风险因素分析

目的 分析影响我国农村集中式供水工程水质的主要风险因素,为进一步提升农村饮用水水质提供参考依据。方法 于2020—2022年对我国494座农村集中式供水工程进行基础信息和卫生学调查,对工程的基本特征进行描述性分析,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响水质的因素,发现工程存在的卫生学风险。结果 共计494座被调查工程末梢水的达标率为85.4%。2020、2021和2022年末梢水达标率分别为75.8%、90.0%和91.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,水源类型、是否有定期巡查和事故反应机制、是否按指标和频率要求进行出厂水水质检验等是末梢水达标的影响因素。结论 我国农村集中式供水工程水质需进一步提升,水源和卫生管理是影响末梢水达标的主要因素,建议加强对水源的保护以及优化管理措施,从而保障农村饮用水安全。

浅析智慧水务系统在农村饮水安全工程管理中的应用

文章科学论述了智慧水务系统在农村饮水安全工程管理中的实际应用价值,强调了智慧水务系统依托现代信息技术提高农村饮水安全工程管理的自动化、数字化、智能化水平,保证了农村饮水水质达标、水量充足、管理精细化与低成本化。同时,从架构设计、网络结构设计、功能模块设计等层面阐述了农村饮水安全工程管理中智慧水务系统的应用体系与应用场景,有效解决农村饮水安全监管任务重、监控水平低下、综合水质差等诸多问题,切实提升农村饮水安全管理水平、服务质量与综合保障能力。

农村水池工程中泵站水力机械选型及电气设计

农村水池工程事关千万农民的切身利益,泵站是该工程的心脏、核心,其设计是否合理直接影响供水工程。水池泵站涉及的内容较多,通过泵站水力机械设备和泵站电气设备的选择进行水池泵站的设计。该设计已通过专家论证并用于内官水池建设项目,系统运行两年来性能比较稳定,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。

农村供水工程中生物慢滤净水工艺数字孪生实践

在新形势下,国家大力推进数字孪生技术在农村供水工程管理中的应用。我国西南丘陵山区农民居住较为分散,水源多样,生物慢滤技术因其构造简单、对水质适应性强而被广泛应用,但在日常运行过程中存在维护不及时、无法准确判断出水是否达标等问题,对供水安全构成威胁。生物慢滤技术实施数字孪生建设,通过在关键节点安装监控设备,监测供水过程的浊度、滤速和水质等参数,监测数据由无线遥感终端汇集至数据分析系统,对超出阈值的实时数据发出报警,通知管水员实地检查。三峡库区秭归县水田坝乡工程实践结果表明,农村供水工程进行智慧化改造能够改变人工现地管理传统方式,减轻了管水员的工作压力,供水水质得到保障。从实践的效果来看,生物慢滤净水工艺数字孪生是农村供水工程智慧化供水的一次有益尝试。

阳谷县完善农村供水工程标准化管理的主要做法

为全面贯彻新发展理念,按照中国式现代化的要求,阳谷县以农村供水工程“设施良好、管理规范、供水达标、水价合理、运行可靠”为着力点,切实落实工程管理管护主体,持续完善农村供水工程标准化管理体系,健全合理水价形成和水费收缴机制,不断推进工程标准化管理,提升农村供水规范化、专业化、智慧化管理水平,较好地保障了农村供水工程安全、稳定、长效运行。

农村超滤膜净水工艺及无人值守应用探究

通过引入无人值守的理念,对某县农村水厂进行超滤膜工艺的设计,并进行关键技术总结及运行效果分析。最终发现,在进水水质稳定的情况下,千吨以下规模水厂采用浸没式超滤膜工艺,出厂水质保障率高,出水浊度常年≤0.2 NTU,制水运行成本约为0.3元/t。结合水质情况,推荐千吨规模以下农村水厂优先采用浸没式超滤膜工艺,并按“基础设备层-控制层-智慧管理层”的组织构成,整体统筹水厂建设,实现无人化管理。

基于智慧水务的城乡供水一体化升级改造项目监理实践

本文旨在探讨在现代信息技术迅猛发展的背景下,如何利用智慧水务技术实现城乡供水一体化的升级改造,并着重讨论在此过程中监理工作的实践与挑战。通过案例分析、项目管理理论与智慧水务技术的融合应用,提出一套有效的监理策略和流程,以期为类似项目提供参考和借鉴。

农村自来水供水工程滤池改进方法及效果研究

分析在农村自来水供水工程滤池翻修改造过程中采取的多项技术措施,包括缩短反冲洗周期、控制滤池进水浊度、调整工艺构筑物配水等,并详细阐述了滤板整修步骤。滤池经过改造后,出水浊度明显降低,滤池的整体密封性能和运行状态均得到了改善。研究结果表明,滤池翻修改造过程中采取的措施有利于尽量降低翻修期间滤池对其他滤池造成的负荷,确保自来水厂的安全优质供水,而且能提高滤池的使用寿命与效率。

差分GNSS无人机航测技术在城乡供水工程勘测中的应用

文章介绍了差分GNSS无人机航测技术在城乡供水工程勘测中的应用。该技术可以通过获取高精度的空间数据,为供水工程建设提供重要支撑。本文将介绍该技术的基本原理、航线规划和数据处理方法,并结合实际案例分析其在城乡供水工程中的应用效果。结果表明,该技术在城乡供水工程中具有高效、高精度、低成本等优点,可以为城乡供水工程的勘测、设计、建设提供有效的支持。

枣庄市城乡供水保障面临的挑战及对策

新的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)于2023年4月1日正式实施后,枣庄市由于城乡供水水源单一、净化设施落后、水源保护不到位、管护机制不健全等因素,致使城乡供水水质保障工作面临新的挑战。枣庄市通过印发行动方案压实主体责任,采取优选处理工艺、实施管网改造、科学配置资源、用好金融政策、撬动价格杠杆、构建信息平台、开展部门合作等技术措施,全面提升城乡供水保障水平。

鄄城县农村供水管理体制改革做法及成效

为建立科学长效的运营管理体系,推进农村供水工程专业化、规范化管理,持续提升农村饮水安全水平,鄄城县按照“规模化发展、标准化建设、市场化运作、企业化经营、专业化管理”的思路,建立健全农村饮水安全工程长效管理机制,推动“县级统管”从“有名”到“有实”。

农村供水“德州样板”典型做法与思考

德州市是资源性、水质性、工程性缺水并存的缺水型城市,83%的区域地下水不符合国家饮水安全标准。该市坚持把城乡供水作为优化公共服务的惠民工程、打造乡村振兴齐鲁样板的重要内容,全力开展水源保障、水质提标、服务提质、数字赋能、纠纷化解五项提升行动,累计建成水库18座、规模化水厂23座,铺设供水管网10万km,在全国率先实现城乡供水一体化,自来水普及率、规模化供水率、水质达标率均达到100%,全市557.49万城乡居民(含农村人口378.07万)喝上了同源、同网、同质、同监管、同服务的放心水。本文在实地调研典型做法、深入剖析主要问题的基础上,通过理论思考和系统研究,提出了可操作性和强实践性的五条发展对策,为全国农村供水现代化探索模式和路径。

莒南县巩固提升农村饮水安全的做法及成效

近年来,莒南县以巩固提升农村饮水安全为主线,聚焦发力、周密部署、狠抓落实,抓紧抓实这项民心工程,使农村饮水安全有效衔接脱贫攻坚成果和推进乡村振兴提供了有力支撑,取得较好成效。针对以后农村饮水安全工作提出了建议对策。

北京市农村供水站运营保障体系建设研究

明确了北京市农村供水站主要存在的问题,提出北京市农村供水站运营保障体系的建设思路,并从标准化建设改造、专业化管护、水费收缴、制度保障以及加强监管等方面总结了保障体系的构成部分以及保障体系设立的意义。同时,基于标准化建设改造、专业化管护以及水费收缴3个方面,对5类供水站运维模式进行了总结,详细分析了各类运维模式的优缺点,为北京市农村供水站监管管理提供了参考。