Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

Study on Energy Conservation of External Wall Structure of Rural Houses in Cold Area

According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article research and analyze the layout of rural buildings, a variety of energy-saving technologies and building design measures development and utilization of new energy sources and other issues that can make rural buildings to save energy and improve the environmental quality of living of farmers. It also put forward some reasonable suggestions for carrying out residential building energy efficiency in cold areas.

Dwelling Houses In Rural

People who canafford it have theirbeams and pillarscarved and painted,and have the upper part ofinner walls painted withthree colorful stripes andlower part with yellow oriight green color. On thewall are paintings,such asHarmony and Longevity.The corridor walls behindthe front gate are pastedwith portraits showing peo-ple subduing tigers and theGod of Wealth driving anelephant.

Dwelling Houses IN RURAL TIBET(Ⅰ)

Atotal of 28house founda-tions werefound in theKarub Ruins in Qamdo.They take the shape of acircle,half underground.They are dwelling housesbuilt as early as some 5,000years ago when Tibet wasexperiencing the New StoneAge.

Field survey of indoor thermal comfort in rural housing of northern China in heating season

This paper introduces a field measurement of an indoor thermal environment in rural housing in suburban Beijing from December 2008 to March 2009.The indoor environment parameters such as air temperature,mean radiant temperature（MRT）,airflow velocity and relative humidity are measured.A questionnaire survey of the occupants＇ thermal sensations in these surveyed houses is conducted and their daily activities and clothing conditions are recorded.The results show that the thermal neutral temperature of rural housing is 18.4 ℃,and the lower limit of acceptable temperature range can be extended to 10.9 ℃.The comfortable indoor temperature is affected by the occupants＇ clothing and lifestyle.Therefore,the indoor temperature standards of space heating for suburban housing cannot be simply duplicated from that for urban housing.Compared with occupants in suburban Beijing,it is found that the occupants in rural Hunan province feel colder at the same operative temperature due to the high relative humidity in Hunan province.

Establishment of Rural Housing Land Standard in China

On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.

Indoor Thermal Environment of Korean Rural Housing Yanbian Region of China in Winter

For the rural housing in Yanbian region in winter,the indoor thermal environment is bad but the energy consumption is high.And in order to solve the problem,the life particularities of the local residents,such as the inhabitation custom and the different living ways,were analyzed.The comfortable temperature felt by the local residents was surveyed and summarized according to different age's stage.The subjective comfortable temperature was calculated by using the thermal comfort formula set up by D.A.Mcintyre.The result shows that the comfortable temperature between the survey and the calculation is different.After analyzing the survey and the result calculations,the range of local indoor comfortable temperature was given,which provides a reference basis for calculating the thermal comfort and energy efficiency as well as designing green rural houses.

Rural Housing Construction Change and Driving Mechanism of Macheng City of Hubei Province in China

By taking Macheng City as the research area, based on the questionnaire survey of peasants, a deep analysis has been conducted on the change of rural housing construction in the past 30 years. The results show that there are many old houses in villages and it has a higher potential requirement for the improvement of rural housing condition; rural housing construction comes to its climax twice and presents to change in the shape of "N"; and primary factors affecting the size of rural house site by multicolinearity regression model contain annual net income of peasant household, land source of house site, reform of rural taxes and administrative charges, transport condition and comparison psychology.

Energy-saving Technology of Vent in Passive Solar Wall of Rural House of Severe Cold Region

This paper aims at solving the problems of low thermal collection rate,inconvenient maintenance,hindering indoor using during the application of passive solar technologies in rural houses in severe cold region.All these defects prevent the passive solar houses' further development. This paper chooses trombe wall,which has higher thermal efficiency of the passive solar house,as research object. The traditional vent is improved into a new type of ventilation device. This improvement overcomes the shortcoming,which traditional vent loses huge heat,and simplifies the construction of vent. Comparing with traditional trombe wall,the energy saving rate is 15. 69%.

Design on rural eco-house in cold areas of Northern China

Many kinds of factors that influence rural housing construction in Northern China are analyzed systematically and the connections between them are weighed from ecology and sustainable angles, so that an optimized green house can be built. At the same time, the energy efficient envelope structure and the method of choosing insulation material in the cost of unit thermal resistance are proposed. Integrated quality evaluation by computer shows that thermal comfort in the house would be improved remarkably for the value of PPD drops from 35%-40% to 15%, the rate of saving energy is 51.73%, much higher than the third goal of saving energy in China, and the comprehensive ecological benefit achieves good effect so as to promote the sustainable development of rural housing and community in cold areas of Northern China.

Application of Renewable Energies in the Construction of New Rural Residences

Based on the significance of renewable resources in relieving energy crisis,application of renewable resources for reducing energy consumption of rural housings and carbon emission of traditional energies are believed as an inevitable choice for the construction of a conservation-minded society.Taking easily-acquired and low-cost solar energy,biomass energy and rainwater for example,strategies of applying renewable resources in rural housings are discussed.And the research focuses on the application of solar energy PV Power System and solar energy photo-thermal power system in rural residence,significance of power system such as methane and waste reusing for the integrated utilization of biomass energy and residence,and also recycling and cooling effects of intermediate water.

农村自建房安全风险识别与评估研究

该文采用风险评估理论对农村自建房安全风险进行了识别与评估,通过对2013年至2022年间97起倒塌事故的统计分析,总结出导致非自然灾害下房屋倒塌的主要危险因素,包括不合格建材、地基处理不当、设计不合理、施工质量问题、施工超载、违规操作、承重墙拆除、无资质施工队伍和缺乏监管等。采用故障树分析法构建了风险评估模型,并通过基本事件重要度计算识别关键倒塌因素,进而对评估指标体系进行了实例验证。研究提出了针对性的风险管理建议,以提升农村自建房的安全水平。

Human intestinal parasitism,potable water availability and methods of sewage disposal among nomadic Fulanis in Kuraje rural settlement of Zamfara state

Objective:To ascertain the level of intestinal parasites vis-a-vis the quality of housing and water supply,and sanitary conditions among the people of Kuraje village in Zamfara state. Methods:The study was cross sectional in nature.Individual households were selected using systematic random sampling methods and pre-tested questionnaires were administered to all the members of each household.Stool samples were collected and processed using standard laboratory procedures.Housing conditions,sources of water and sanitary conditions of the households were also inspected.Results were analysed using Epi Info 2006 model.Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 67.0%(347/519).72.3%(251/347),17.0%(59/347),and 10.7%(37/347) had one,two and three or more parasites,respectively.The associated factors with intestinal parasites were poor housing and sanitary conditions,lack of potable water and illiteracy.The commonest parasites encountered were hookworm(22.0%),Ascaris lumbricoides (18.5%),and Strongyloides stercoralis(15.6%) while the least common was Enterobius vermicularis (1.6%).Others were Giardia lamblia(5.7%),Hymenolepsis nana(5.0%),Trichuris trichiura(8.8%), Entamoeba histolytica(14.4%) and Schistosoma mansoni(8.4%).Conclusions:The infection rate of intestinal parasites in Kuraje village is high.More efforts should be intensified towards improvement in sanitary and housing standards,supply of potable water and institution of a more comprehensive literacy programme for the people of the community.

Rural Women Transfer from the Perspective of Family Migration

At first,this article gives an overview of previous researches on family migration,the pulling force and drag force of the rural residents' behavior of going out. On the basis of questionnaire survey of rural woman's behavior of going out in Anhui Province,conducted in early 2011,this article studies the pulling force and drag force of rural woman's behavior of going out,their will to settle in the city,and the obstacles to settlement. Finally,I derive three pulling forces of rural woman's behavior of going out,and three major factors influencing settlement in city.

Expansion and Change of Rural Settlements in Traditional Agricultural Regions:Based on Village Investigation in Pingdu County

The rural settlements accounted for a great proportion of overall building land in China,but it still expanded in recent years along with urbanization and gradually decreasing rural population.To explore the reason for this phenomenon,an analy- sis has been made based on the investigation in a traditional agri- cultural region.This study found that socioeconomic factors,in- cluding the scale of families and its quantity,the improvement of rural public infrastructure,the change of population and the pres- sure of arable land,have effects on the expansion.The view on land tenure which has shaped in farmers minds in the long haul makes them dispose their houses cautiously,and this was the main cause of the fact that one household own more than one plot.In addition,the limitations of rural land institution are unconducive to inspiriting the transfer of farmers' building land and redevel- opment of the idle housing land.

Analysis on the Layout of Villages and Towns and the Characteristics of Residential Buildings from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization in Liaoning Province

Rural houses in Liaoning Province have a long history and distinctive regional characteristics.Rural houses are designed in combination with family agricultural production habits to meet their production and living functions,and the building materials are mostly local materials.With the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,the countryside of Liaoning Province has become the main battlefield for rural revitalization.Based on a large number of field investigations,the layout of villages and towns and residential buildings in Liaoning Province were analyzed from three levels of villages,courtyard forms to residential functions,aiming to provide a basic theoretical reference for the renovation and renewal of rural residential buildings in Liaoning Province.

Literature Review on the Renovation Project of Self-Built Residential Buildings in the South Under the Low-Carbon Background

With the continuous exploration and research of low-carbon buildings in China,combined with foreign theories and practices,there are a few basic theoretical and practical projects for low-carbon construction in major cities of China.However,throughout the entire academic research,there is still no comprehensive and clear guidance for the green and low-carbon research and transformation of rural self-built houses.Therefore,the existing development of low-carbon technology for rural self-built houses has been summarized,and some prospects for the future development of rural self-built houses have been summarized.It is hoped that this will have positive help for future rural low-carbon transformation.

Comparing the Extend of the Spread Effects: Rural-Urban Commuting in Finnish Working Regions

It has long been posited that rural areas can benefit from nearby urban agglomerations through commuting, and that their development could be a side product of urban growth, but the results from the sparsely populated regions have not been promising. In this study, we investigate the possibilities of rural-urban commuting to support rural development, and explore the spatial ex-tent of the working regions if jobs are concentrated in the regional centre as indicated by recent trends. Spread effects are simply operated by an economic possibility to rural-urban commuting determined by a sum of housing and commuting costs from disposable income. The results show that the population growth in city regions does not extend to distant rural areas. It, instead, leads to population losses in remote areas due to backwash effects as the low disposable incomes encourage especially low-income households to migrate from remote locations closer to the centre. The spread effects seem to work only in the limited rural areas located next to the urban core which encourages the support of remote rural areas through place-based policy.

房价上涨是否推迟了初婚年龄?——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

“房价”与“婚姻”是大众热议的民生问题。构建婚姻决策理论模型,探讨房价对结婚率的影响,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,考察房价上涨对居民初婚年龄的影响。结果表明:房价每上涨1%,居民的平均初婚年龄增加1.108岁;房价上涨对女性初婚年龄的推迟效应大于男性,对城镇地区居民初婚年龄的推迟效应大于农村地区居民,对经济欠发达地区居民初婚年龄的推迟效应大于发达地区居民;家庭经济水平对农村地区男性的初婚年龄有显著负向影响,个体受教育程度对欠发达地区居民的初婚年龄有显著负向影响。