Understanding Taiwan Seniors＇ Motivation to Consume Food-Away-From-Home

The elderly population is growing rapidly in Taiwan. Eating is an important part for this group. The purpose of this study is to adapt the push and pull theory in order to investigate what would motivate the elderly to consume food away from home. Based on the results of a literature review and an expert panel, a valid questionnaire was developed. The participants in this study were aged above 55 who live in Taichung district. A total of 265 samples were collected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences （SPSS） and Analysis of Moment Structures （AMOS） were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the data fit the model moderately well. Push and pull variables had a significant influence on intention and behavior. Recommendations like marketing strategies that can attract senior citizens and restaurateurs should focus on the key factors when seniors consume food away from home.

Telepsychiatry:The Evaluation and Treatment of Seniors in Rural Retirement Communities

Few studies examine the benefits from geriatric telepsychiatry in rural retirement communities.Objectives:1.To demonstrate that using telepsychiatry(a)standard approaches to psychiatric evaluation would yield diagnoses in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V);(b)psychotherapies and pharmacotherapy could be effectively administered.2.To examine the relationships among cognition,mood,agitation and functions at baseline and the response to treatment over time.Design:Prospective longitudinal study.Measures:Geriatric Depression scale(GDS),Mini Mental State Exam(MMSE),Barthel Index(BI),Pittsburgh Agitation Scale(PAS).Setting:Video Teleconferencing.Interventions:Psychotherapy,psychopharmacology.Participants:428 Seniors over 55,met criteria for at least one DSM-V diagnosis.Results:Treatments were administered for a full range of psychiatric diagnoses and age-related medical conditions.The most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents were:antidepressants(78%)antipsychotics(64%),memory enhancers(38%).Participants(66%)received psychotherapy:individual(31%),couple(7%),family(13%).Variation in the MMSE scores were observed:55%remained stable,11%declined,18%improved.GDS Scores improved from baseline to 26 weeks(p=0.02,d=0.99:95%CI 0.39-1.56).PAS scores declined from baseline to 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=11.27,p=0.0008,d=1.17:95%CI 0.63-1.68).Function(BI)at week 26 was not statistically significantly different from baseline(t(26)=1.66,p=0.11,d=0.65:95%CI-0.16-1.42).Participants maintained independence(64.5%)at 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=6.23,p=0.013,d=0.79:95%CI 0.19-1.36)Conclusion:This study demonstrates the feasibility and benefit of providing a full complement of services via telepsychiatry to seniors and provides a rationale for more comprehensive reimbursement plans.

Investigation of English learning strategy employed by senior middle school students in Zhanjiang City： A comparison of students from urban and rural areas

After a review of learning strategy research in China and abroad, this paper made an investigation on the differences in use of learning strategies reported by urban and rural students from four middle schools in Zhanjiang city. The investigation revealed the following findings： urban students employ cognitive and social strategies more frequently than rural students; urban students reported a wider range of strategies compared with their rural peers; urban students of intermediate achievements employ more social strategies than their rural peers, while rural students use affective strategy significantly more often; urban and rural students reported different patterns of gender difference.

The Experience of Nurses Providing Home Nursing Care to Oldest Old Persons Living Alone in Rural Areas—An Interview Study

The rapidly increasing population of older persons worldwide, and the fact that the majority of them want to continue living in their own homes, mean there is a growing focus on home based care. Because of this, it is necessary to increase the number of studies, including rural areas, as earlier studies are sparse. Rural areas cannot be seen as a homogeneous phenomenon, meaning more research is needed to increase knowledge about cultural differences in rural areas. The aim of this study was therefore to describe registered nurses’ experiences of providing home nursing care to oldest old persons living alone in rural areas. A sample of 15 registered nurses in rural South Sami areas was chosen for this study, 13 women and 2 men. Narrative interviews were conducted, and qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the data. The analysis revealed four themes and eight subthemes in addition to a core-theme. The latent meaning of the themes “Feeling responsible”, “Trying to accommodate”, “Being challenged” and “Feeling significant” formed the core-theme: contradictions between nurses’ ideals of being professional and the reality faced in rural home nursing care with close social relationships. The findings in this study showed that the experiences of providing home nursing care in rural areas to oldest old persons were multifaceted and altering, as well as emotionally and socially contradictory.

Rural implementation of the perioperative surgical home:A case-control study

BACKGROUND Perioperative surgical home(PSH)is a novel patient-centric surgical system developed by American Society of Anesthesiologist to improve outcomes and patient satisfaction.PSH has proven success in large urban health centers by reducing surgery cancellation,operating room time,length of stay(LOS),and readmission rates.Yet,only limited studies have assessed the impact of PSH on surgical outcomes in rural areas.AIM To evaluate the newly implemented PSH system at a community hospital by comparing the surgical outcomes using a longitudinal case-control study.METHODS The research study was conducted at an 83-bed,licensed level-III trauma rural community hospital.A total of 3096 TJR procedures were collected retrospectively between January 2016 and December 2021 and were categorized as PSH and non-PSH cohorts(n=2305).To evaluate the importance of PSH in the rural surgical system,a case-control study was performed to compare TJR surgical outcomes(LOS,discharge disposition,and 90-d readmission)of the PSH cohort against two control cohorts[Control-1 PSH(C1-PSH)(n=1413)and Control-2 PSH(C2-PSH)(n=892)].Statistical tests including Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test were performed for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test or Student’s t-test were performed for continuous variables.The general linear models(Poisson regression and binomial logistic regression)were performed to fit adjusted models.RESULTS The LOS was significantly shorter in PSH cohort compared to two control cohorts(median PSH=34 h,C1-PSH=53 h,C2-PSH=35 h)(P value<0.05).Similarly,the PSH cohort had lower percentages of discharges to other facilities(PSH=3.5%,C1-PSH=15.5%,C2-PSH=6.7%)(P value<0.05).There was no statistical difference observed in 90-d readmission between control and PSH cohorts.However,the PSH implementation reduced the 90-d readmission percentage(PSH=4.7%,C1-PSH=6.1%,C2-PSH=3.6%)lower than the national average 30-d readmission percentage which is 5.5%.The PSH system was effectively established at the rural community hospital with the help of team-based coordinated multi-disciplinary clinicians or physician comanagement.The elements of PSH including preoperative assessment,patient education and optimization,and longitudinal digital engagement were vital for improving the TJR surgical outcomes at the community hospital.CONCLUSION Implementation of the PSH system in a rural community hospital reduced LOS,increased directto-home discharge,and reduced 90-d readmission percentages.

Study on the stress level and coping channels of Chinese urban and rural senior high school students learning on-campus after their return to school during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period

Objective:The study aims to understand the level of perceived stress and related influencing factors among the urban and rural senior high school students in China and their channels of coping with the stress,when they shifted from home-based online learning to on-campus learning after their return to school during the post-Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period.Methods:From January to March 2021,the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(SSCPs-14)and a self-designed questionnaire were used for the online survey among the senior high school students from six secondary schools(three from cities and three from counties)in three provinces of China(Shandong,Shanghai and Sichuan)who were selected by convenient sampling.Descriptive analysis,t-test,χ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 1,462 respondents were enrolled in the study,of which 41.66%were urban students and 58.34%were rural ones.Their overall average score of CPSS-14 was 21.69±7.65.The respondents reported the following influencing factors of perceived stress,including"Change of their learning and sleep schedule(OR=1.426,95%CI:1.056~1.927,P=0.021),"Communication with their family members(OR=2.820,95%CI:1.971~4.034,P<0.001)and"The family’s financial status"(OR=1.675,95%CI:1.181~2.376,P=0.004).Their coping strategies when facing with the stress were ranked from high to low frequency as follows:"Talk to friends(34.63%)","Talk to parents(26.88%)","Seek help from teachers(14.53%)","Deal with it on my own(13.21%)","Seek help from a psychological counsellor(7.95%),"Others(1.42%)"and"Ignore the problem(1.39%)".Rural students with three and more than three coping channels(44%)were more than urban students(36%),with a statistically significant difference between the two(χ^(2)=10.878,P=0.012).A higher proportion of respondents(49.4%)with fewer coping channels reported high level of perceived stress,compared with those with multiple coping channels(33.4%).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=55.956,P<0.001).Conclusion:Senior high school students were faced with the stress brought about by the shift from the on-line learning to on-campus learning after their return to school during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.The change of their learning and sleeping schedule,communication with family and their family’s financial status were the main influencing factors of senior high school students'stress after their return to school.Senior high school students with more coping channels had lower level of stress.Therefore,it is suggested that stress relief measures should be taken to promote the mental health of senior high school students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

A Home for the Aged in a Rural Community

Both in their mid-70s, Shan Baorui and his wife are now living at a model home for the aged in north China.The couple lives in a single room with heating in winter and an indoor toilet. Outside is a garden-like compound with flowers colorfully bright in the refresh- ing breeze.

农村居家养老的需求、困境及对策——基于北京市生态涵养区调研

在我国农村严重老龄化和实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,农村养老必须开创一个既能不离乡土、不离乡情,又能享受专业化、人性化供养服务的中国特色居家养老新模式。生态涵养区财政收入低、老龄化程度深、养老服务成本高,是北京农村居家养老应重点关注的区域。基于调研数据,分析北京生态涵养区农村老龄化现状和居家养老的现实需求,指出其在政策机制、财政投入、协同联动等方面存在的主要问题,并提出以下政策建议:强化顶层设计,不断优化完善农村居家养老政策机制;加大政策补贴力度,合理制定补贴内容和补贴方式;促进多部门、多主体、多措施联动,统筹谋划农村居家养老。

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。

营商环境能提升返乡创业企业发展质量吗?

实现乡村振兴,改善农村地区营商环境至关重要。良好的营商环境能吸引大批劳动力返乡创业,同时也有助于培育高质量的返乡创业企业。基于2019年全国2139家返乡创业企业调查数据研究营商环境对返乡创业企业发展质量的影响及其作用机制,研究表明:良好的营商环境能显著提升返乡创业企业发展质量;机制分析发现,良好的营商环境通过企业家社会关系网络、企业数字化经营能力来提升返乡创业企业发展质量;异质性分析发现,对发展型返乡创业企业、我国中西部地区和第二产业中的返乡创业企业以及中小型返乡创业企业而言,良好的营商环境更有助于提升其发展质量。因此,建议地方政府切实加大政策扶持力度,推动营商环境全面优化,做好科学规划、分类指导,落实完善差别化扶持政策,精准发力;同时结合企业规模、产业层次、价值类型特点制定针对性重点扶持政策,助推返乡创业企业高质量发展。

农民工返乡创业的“流”与“留”——基于推拉理论视角的阐述

农民工群体是返乡创业队伍中的重要组成部分,也是实现乡村振兴的重要人才保障。在乡村振兴战略的背景下,那些曾经外出务工的农民,一部分成为拥有一定资金、技术和资源的返乡创业人员,以一种“愿意返乡”的新姿态出现。农民工返乡创业作为一种人口流动形式,也遵循着人口流动理论中的推拉原则。国家政策的利好、创业环境宽松、乡愁与乡情的拉力吸引着农民工返乡,而创业发展潜力不足、风险较大、农村空心化等推力则阻碍着农民工返乡创业的步伐。要想促进更多的农民工返乡创业,完善农民工创业路径,就必须在原有拉力基础上进一步丰富农村地区的拉力源,同时减缓农村地区的各种推力,并努力提升创业者自身的整体素质和能力。

家校合作:新时代破解农村学校劳动教育困境的着力点

随着乡村社会的变迁和生产方式的变革,农村学校劳动教育在现实发展中面临着目标外化、地位弱化、模式僵化、空间窄化的困境。家庭是劳动教育的基础,对于学校劳动教育发挥着重要的支持、配合作用。家庭劳动教育的缺位是农村学校劳动教育困境形成的基础性因素。破解新时代农村学校劳动教育的困境,需要从家校达成理念共识、充分挖掘家庭资源、创新家校合作模式以及构建多元考评机制等多方面着手,积极构建劳动教育的家校合作机制,切实发挥家庭在劳动教育中的基础作用。

乡村振兴背景下大学生返乡创业路径探析

乡村振兴是我国现阶段实施的重要战略之一,目的是为了推进乡村产业与人才结构改革,促进乡村经济可持续发展,加速城乡一体化进程。近年来,大学生返乡创业在乡村振兴中崭露头角,不仅引领着农村发展的新风貌,也缓解了城市大学生就业压力。针对大学生返乡创业面临的困境,从政府、社会、高校三个层面深入研究,准确把握现实问题,探索适合大学生回乡创业的有效途径。通过加强政策支持、建设社会支持体系、优化高校创业教育体系等多维度举措,全面激发大学生参与乡村产业发展的热情,为乡村振兴注入新的活力,进一步推动乡村发展。

财政扶持何以提升返乡创业者创新精神?

本文选取2019年全国2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据,运用有序评定模型和中介效应模型,研究财政扶持对返乡创业者创新精神的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明,财政扶持能够促进返乡创业者创新精神的产生,其中技能培训可以培育返乡创业者的创新精神,税收减免、土地优惠和产业扶贫可以激发返乡创业者的创新精神。机制分析结果表明,财政扶持能够通过优化外部营商环境,有效激发返乡创业者的创新精神。异质性分析结果表明,相较于东西部地区、第一二产业、中低端第三产业和生存型返乡创业者,财政扶持对中部地区、高端第三产业及发展型返乡创业者创新精神的激发效果更明显。因此,加大对返乡创业者的扶持力度、优化外部营商环境、制定差异化的扶持政策,将有利于进一步激发返乡创业者的创新精神。

“乡村医疗社会”的生成与显现——基于一个农村老人生病、治疗与护理的医学人类学观察与思考

乡村居家治疗与照护中的疾病不仅是科学的存在,也是宇宙论意义的存在以及在世的存在。就科学的存在而言,疾病是自然界的物质与病者的身体相遇而互构出来的一种界面,现代医学和传统医学在这个界面上实施干预。就宇宙论意义的存在而言,疾病是宇宙神秘力量的显象,需要借助秘术和民俗医疗手段进行救治。就在世的存在而言,疾病创建了以病人为核心的医疗社会,该类医疗社会是各种医学知识观念显象、具身与交流的场域,即科学的存在和宇宙论的存在在其中存在。然而,按照西方医学科学模式开展救治和护理的城镇医院则把上述诸多内容屏蔽在外。

乡村振兴背景下高职院校学生返乡创业现状及对策研究

2023年中央一号文件指出全面建设社会主义现代化国家,把解决“三农”问题作为全党工作的重心,努力推进乡村振兴以加快农村现代化建设,而乡村增速发展则需要加强乡村人才队伍建设。在此背景下,文章对高职院校学生返乡创业现状进行调研,分析影响高职院校学生返乡创业的因素,为高职院校学生返乡创业提出对策。

农村籍大学生返乡就业意愿的多元驱动

对农村籍大学生返乡就业的现有研究主要涉及外部就业环境和个人特质两个方面,但少有从整体出发关注这两个方面对农村籍大学生返乡就业意愿可能存在的协同影响的研究。在前因条件分析的基础上进行调研,利用模糊集定性比较分析法对调研所得的191份农村籍在校大学生的有效样本数据进行分析,从组态视角出发探讨了外部环境和个人特质对农村籍大学生返乡就业意愿的影响。结果表明,在6条组态路径中,谋事在人型和政策助推型两种前因组态能激发农村籍大学生高返乡就业意愿。

农村养老的模式选择与影响因素研究

老龄化已成为全球共同面临的难题,而中国步入老龄化的速度不断加快,农村养老的解决方案更是迫在眉睫。基于河南省洛阳市孟津区4镇6村202份调查问卷,采用二元Logistic回归模型,从基本特征、经济特征、心理特征、社会支持特征4个维度15个指标构建农村养老模式选择模型。研究表明:基本特征中,受教育程度、性别、年龄、婚姻、居住情况、子女个数、家庭收入来源、月收入和稳定性对养老模式选择有一定影响;心理特征中担心无人照顾会对机构养老和互助养老产生影响;社会支持特征中社会养老保险补贴满意度会对社区居家养老产生影响。在家庭养老模式中,性别、年龄会对模式选择产生显著的正向影响,受教育程度、居住情况则产生显著的负向影响。在机构养老模式中,性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻、家庭收入来源、家庭月收入对模式选择有显著的正向影响,而害怕被遗弃和对社会养老保险补贴满意度有显著的负向影响。在社区养老模式中,受教育程度、居住情况、子女个数、日托、担心无人照顾以及对社会养老保险补贴满意度对模式的选择有显著的正向影响,而家庭收入来源、年龄和收入来源的稳定性则有显著的负向影响。在互助养老模式中,性别、婚姻、居住情况、担心无人照顾具有显著的正向影响,社会养老保险补贴满意度具有显著的负向影响。

农村中小学生居家体育锻炼行为与促进研究

目的:了解农村中小学生居家体育锻炼行为现况,为促进农村青少年居家体育锻炼效果与养成良好运动卫生习惯提供参考。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,选取江苏省农村中小学生1448名,利用问卷星进行居家体育锻炼行为现况问卷调查。结果:体育锻炼现状上,有30.11%的老师布置家庭体育作业、28.76%的学生认真完成家庭体育作业、96.98%的屏幕时间≥2h、15.86%的每周体育锻炼≥3次、9.21%的每次锻炼时间≥60min、41.67%的运动强度达中等以上,不同学段学生居家体育锻炼情况差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);体育锻炼程序与卫生上,有36.83%的运动前热身、14.38%的运动中监测心率、40.73%的运动后放松、85.08%的饭后不立即运动、82.66%的运动中注意补水、71.24%的运动后不立即坐卧休息、77.02%的注意运动后保暖;体育锻炼动机上,有65.93%的为了增强体质、39.05%的喜欢运动、38.64%的瘦身塑形、45.23%的缓解压力、49.53%的增强抵抗力、20.09%的学校要求、11.09%的家长要求,不同学段学生居家体育锻炼动机差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论:农村中小学生居家体育锻炼行为与卫生状况堪忧,需特别关注对其进行体育锻炼兴趣培养与健康教育工作,促进学生养成科学居家体育锻炼的卫生习惯。

美丽乡村建设背景下乡村民宿“家”的空间演变研究

随着新时期旅游新业态的快速崛起,“家”的空间逐渐成为乡村旅游发展的重要载体。既往研究发现,旅游商业化有可能导致传统乡村“家”成为旅游资本循环与积累的工具、产生乡村居民对“家”的情感缺失等不良后果。云南大理N村作为一个以经营民宿为主要生计模式的村落,在参与乡村旅游高质量发展的进程中,尤其在近年来乡村振兴、美丽乡村建设的深刻影响下,不仅没有产生上述问题,反而通过进一步的空间实践与演变,实现了“家”空间与商业空间的深度融合与良性互动,使民宿这一“商业的家”成为旅游产业的经营空间,更成为乡村振兴和美丽乡村建设中村民们实现美好生活愿望,提升获得感、幸福感、满足感的“理想家园”。其主要原因就在于作为主体的村民在美丽乡村建设等国家力量的外部激励下,最大限度地运用旅游发展对“家”空间组构所具有的正向塑造作用,在物质、精神的各个层面展开对“幸福生活”的求索。并且,乡村民宿的经营历程也是村民对“家”空间所代表的“美丽乡村”和“美好生活”之“美”的发现与认知历程。可见作为乡村振兴的重要环节,美丽乡村建设不仅直接关系广大农民的家园建设,且在更深层面指向中华民族的精神家园建设。