Influence of social capital on the livelihood strategies of farmers under China's rural revitalization strategy in poor mountain areas: A case study of the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture

Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is important to explore the reasons underlying the livelihood strategy choices of farmers from the perspective of social capital under China’s rural revitalization strategy. In this study, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a povertystricken mountainous area in southwestern China, was selected as the case study area, and multivariable linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of social capital on livelihood strategies.The results are as follows:(1) Individual social capital had a positive effect on non-agricultural livelihood strategies. On average, with a one-unit increase in individual social capital, the ratio of farmers’ nonagricultural income to total productive income(Income_Rto) increased by 0.002% and 0.062%,respectively. Collective social capital, with the Peasant Economic Cooperation Organization(PECO) as the carrier, had a negative effect on the non-agricultural livelihood strategies of farmers;on average, with a oneunit increase in PECO, Income_Rto decreased by approximately 0.053%. However, this effect was only significant in the river valley area.(2) The income differences among the different livelihood strategy types were explained by the livelihood strategy choices of farmers. As non-agricultural work can bring more benefits, the labor force exhibited one-way migration from villages to cities, resulting in a lack of the subject of rural revitalization. It is necessary to implement effective measures to highlight the role of PECO in increasing agricultural income for farmers. Finally,based on the above conclusions,policy recommendations with respect to livelihood transformation of farmers and rural sustainable development are discussed.

Relationship between Poor Family Environment and Early Childhood Development in Rural Areas and Recommendations

In order to provide a policy basis for improving the early development of poor rural children,this paper uses quantitative data and quantitative research methods to study the early development of children in poor rural areas and the impact of family environmental quality on such development. The results show that the early development of poor rural children,especially the ability of social emotion is not perfect,and the quality of family environment has a significant impact on the early development of poor rural children. Therefore,in order to improve the early development of rural children,it is necessary to attach importance to the improvement of family environment and increase the interaction with children. The government needs to establish and improve the mechanism of providing early development services,increase investment and find more efficient service model.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

The Efficient Ways to Develop English Teaching in Rural Middle School

The thesis aims to find ways to improve rural English teaching in the China,which is marginalized in the Profession of English language teaching.By researching it reaches the conclusion that teacher education is the key to develop rural ELT in China. To educate rural English teachers is a demanding but rewarding job. The author believes that this paper will be of help to the exploration of rural English teacher education in the context of curriculum reform.

More and Better Rural Teachers

China has made significant progress in building up its ranks of teachers in rural areas,according to a report by the research institute on rural education at the Northeast Normal University.Its study was based on statistics from 19 provinces and national data.

School and community physical activity characteristics and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Chinese school-aged children： A multilevel path model analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between school and community physical activity(PA) characteristics and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school children.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Participants were 80,928 school children(Grades 4–12; 39,747 boys, 41,181 girls; mean age = 13 years) and 935 physical education(PE) teachers who completed a study survey.Independent variables included both school-related factors(school-level PA support, availability of and access to PA facilities, and the duration of school PE classes) and community-related factors(the frequency of sports events, sports training opportunities, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and access to PA facilities). The dependent variable was the children's self-reported participation in MVPA. The data were analyzed,in 2017, via multilevel modeling.Results: PA support from school administrators was the only school-level factor significantly related to children's participation in MVPA.Children's perceptions of the frequency of community-sponsored sports events, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and convenient access to PA facilities were associated with a high level of MVPA participation. In regard to residency in urban and rural areas, children attending urban schools who perceived high availability of PA facilities were associated with a low level of participation in MVPA.Conclusion: School support for PA and community PA resources are associated with MVPA among Chinese school children. School PA facilities appear underutilized among urban schools as evidenced by low levels of MVPA among school children.

乡镇英语教师测评素养调查

建设教育强国和高质量教育体系要求教师具备良好的测评素养。调查乡镇教师测评素养现状,探寻乡镇教师测评素养发展路径,对提升乡镇学校教育教学水平具有重要意义。本研究采用定量和定性相结合的方法,通过问卷调查、访谈调查、课堂观察和文本分析对粤西地区乡镇英语教师的测评素养状况进行调查研究。结果表明,乡镇英语教师的整体测评素养较为欠缺,亟须从沟通测评结果、制定评分标准及评分程序、评估题目质量、开展课堂评估、提供促学反馈等方面加以提升,建议从加强培训和增强备课科组的测评意识等方面逐步提高其测评素养。

乌蒙山区中学教师专业成长路径刍探

促进乌蒙山区教师专业成长,是振兴乡村教育的重要环节。文章以乌蒙山区中学教师为研究对象,通过对乌蒙山区社会经济教育背景和中学教师专业成长现状的调研,从客观和主观两个方面归纳存在的问题,并针对职前阶段、入职适应期、专业成长期、创造期和政府支持途径提出乌蒙山区中学教师专业成长的路径,以期为寻求中学教师专业成长路径提供参考和依据。

相对贫困乡村空间分异格局与返贫脆弱性研究——以武陵山片区为例

在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的背景下,科学评价相对贫困乡村空间分异与返贫脆弱性有助于精准施策。本文以武陵山片区为研究样本,运用GIS、地理探测器模型和值灰色关联度方法分析影响该片区相对贫困乡村在县域尺度上的空间分异格局和返贫脆弱性,结果表明:1)相对贫困乡村在空间上整体呈集聚分布,分布格局呈现显著的空间自相关性,两极分化特征明显;2)平均高程和少数民族人口比重是影响该片区相对贫困村空间分布的重要因素,平均高程、少数民族人口比重、老龄化率和第一产业占比的交互作用对相对贫困乡村的空间分布造成显著影响;3)受经济发展和社会保障制约,绝大多数县域返贫脆弱性较高,其多维返贫脆弱性在空间上呈现中心分散、两端聚集的整体格局。因此,实施乡村振兴战略应充分利用该片区自然生态优势,因地制宜发展产业并加强公共服务基础设施建设。

脱贫山区农村社会组织发展现状、问题及对策

随着市场经济和社会格局的不断深入与发展,中国农村涌现出大量代表、服务和维护农民利益的社会组织。农村社会组织因其公益性和社会性在参与社会治理、助力乡村建设和推动经济发展等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,由于脱贫山区农村社会组织自身存在内生动力匮乏、组织管理松散和结构失衡等问题,在乡村契合和自身发展中存在一定的制约性。结合脱贫山区农村社会组织的现状、问题及作用,探析增强农村社会组织在农村建设与发展过程中的有效对策,通过加强党政赋能、创新组织体系和强化组织衔接等措施推动农村社会组织作用有效发挥,进而完善其在稳定脱贫成果、推动乡村振兴和实现共同富裕过程中的推动与衔接功能。

江苏高校师生党员提升服务“三农”能力培训体系构建

该研究旨在构建江苏高校师生党员提升服务“三农”能力的培训体系,特别是突出智慧农业在服务体系中的作用,以推动乡村振兴。首先分析当前“三农”问题的现状和数字农业的发展趋势,然后详细规划培训体系的构建,包括培训内容、方式、周期等,并结合实际案例阐述数字农业如何服务乡村振兴。最后,提出未来发展建议,包括持续深化专业培训内容、扩大实践锻炼范围、加强领导力培养的实效性、拓展创新教育形式、进一步完善培训评估机制等。

文化回应:地方公费师范生回归乡土的教育之路

地方公费师范生是乡村教师队伍的重要力量,是推动乡村教育振兴的生力军,其培养质量影响着乡村教育的发展质量。当前,职后地方公费师范生在教育实践中面临着无法为乡村学生提供文化适宜的教学和难于融入乡土世界的“离乡”困境。困境的突破需要引入文化回应的教育理念,深刻理解文化回应的教育意蕴。基于文化回应的视角,地方公费师范生的职前培养中存在的乡土文化疏离、个体经验“冷遇”和协同培养缺失等问题,影响了地方公费师范生文化回应素养的生成及乡土情怀的厚植,阻碍了地方公费师范生回归乡土的实现。帮助地方公费师范生由“离乡人”回归为“在乡人”,需要以文化回应性课程与教学为抓手,在课程中渗透乡土知识,在教学中观照个体经验,在培养中展开多方协同。

幼儿园推普助力乡村振兴路径研究——基于对青海乡村幼儿园推普现状的调查

语言输入、语言加工、语言输出是语言习得的基本路径。从语言习得的角度看,推普具有社会性,互动生成是语言习得和推普的关键环节。本文立足推普助力乡村振兴的时代背景,以幼儿园教师为关注重点,通过对青海农村幼儿园教师和幼儿及家长互动和习得方式的推普调查、分析,旨在厘清青海农村推普中存在的短板与不足,探索影响与推普效果的内外在因素,并在此基础上提出“一中心三主体三体系内循环外联动”的“133”农村幼儿园推普模型,家园社融合的推普路径助力农村高质量推普。

西部乡村小学教师数字化教学资源现状

数字化教学已成为教育事业发展的必然趋势和常态化教学手段。为进一步提高西部乡村小学教师的数字化教学能力,采用问卷调查方式了解西部乡村小学教师数字化教学资源现状。数据结果显示,多数教师能够合理利用数字化教学资源进行备课和教学,对数字化教学资源持肯定态度。西部乡村小学教师数字化教学资源应用效果较好,能够在一定程度上解决教育资源不均衡问题,但教师授课观念和教师设备使用维度的提升水平相对偏慢。西部乡村小学教师数字化教学资源应用效果在年龄上不存在显著性差异,但教师授课观念维度在年龄上存在显著性差异。

乡村中小学教师信息技术应用能力调查——基于贵州省的实证分析

随着教育信息化迈入2.0时代,乡村中小学教师亟需适应这一变革趋势,这一现状凸显了提升信息技术应用能力的重要性。文章基于《中小学教师信息技术应用能力标准(试行)》,参考前期研究者的问卷,对贵州省部分乡村中小学教师的信息技术应用能力进行了详细的调查。通过对调查结果的深入分析,文章总结了乡村中小学教师在“技术素养”“组织与管理”“评估与诊断”“计划与准备”以及“学习与发展”等五个维度存在的问题,并基于这些问题进行讨论,提出了针对性的策略,旨在有效提升乡村中小学教师的信息技术应用能力,推动教育信息化在乡村地区的深入发展。

社会责任导向下的包装设计课程改革研究

如何将社会责任教育融入大学课程中,引导学生关注乡村与贫困地区的问题,已成为社会关注焦点。为积极推进包装设计课程改革,本文通过系统的理论教育、实践设计任务以及具体项目,引导学生深刻认识包装设计对推动乡村振兴与贫困地区发展的重要作用,以培养他们的爱国情怀和社会责任感,鼓励其通过创新设计为社会进步贡献力量;激发教师对包装设计课程中社会责任教育的深入思考,为培养兼具社会责任感和创新精神的设计人才提供有力的指导。

民族地区乡村教师公共服务动机的测度:内涵结构与量表开发

激发民族地区乡村教师公共服务动机,对于鼓励他们积极参与乡村教育事业,提升民族地区乡村公共服务质量、推动乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。为明晰民族地区乡村教师公共服务动机的测度,本研究综合运用了定性与定量的方法,聚焦于我国民族地区独特的制度和文化情境,通过扎根理论和因素分析,构建民族地区乡村教师公共服务动机的内涵结构和测度量表。具体而言,首先借助扎根理论,通过深入剖析我国民族地区乡村教师的教育故事,以揭示其公共服务动机的概念、结构及其维度;其次,通过编制量表和进行因素分析,以探索、验证并明晰民族地区乡村教师公共服务动机的具体测度。研究发现:第一,我国民族地区多元的民族文化(尤其是饮食文化)和地理经济环境是导致教师公共服务动机复杂多元的首要因素;第二,西方常用量表的四个维度在中国情境下依然存在,但是表现形式有一定差异;“使命担当与师德操守”、“自我实现”成为与中国制度文化情境和教师职业公共性紧密关联的两个新维度。

西部乡村小学教师职业倦怠现状及其影响因素研究

通过问卷调查和个案访谈法研究西部地区乡村小学教师的职业倦怠情况,探讨其与教学设施、社会支持、薪酬水平及教师培训和支持措施之间的关系。结果表明,受访教师对情绪衰竭、缺乏人情味、低个人成就感3个维度的职业倦怠呈现出不同程度的分布,其中情绪衰竭维度中度和重度程度的人相对较多。大部分受访教师认为教学设施和资源满足程度维度处于中等水平,对社会支持程度、教师培训和支持措施维度的评价相对较高,普遍认为薪酬水平较低。教学设施和资源满足程度、社会支持程度、薪酬水平及教师培训和支持措施的有效性维度均与教师职业倦怠存在显著相关关系。基于此,提出提高乡村小学教师的情绪管理能力,加强对乡村小学教师的人文关怀和社会支持等建议,以有效改善西部乡村小学教师的职业倦怠现象。

乡村地区幼儿园新入职教师抗逆力构成要素及生成路径

抗逆力生成是幼儿园新入职教师运用社会系统资源适应复杂乡村教育环境的过程,也是形成坚定从教意愿的保障。基于扎根理论,采用质性分析软件NVivo11.0,对24位乡村幼儿园新入职教师进行深入访谈。研究发现,乡村幼儿园新入职教师抗逆力构成要素为:生计保障、重要他人、自身发展和乡土情怀。其中,生计保障提供基础性保障,重要他人建构社会性前提,自身发展激发持续性动力,乡土情怀位育内核性枢纽。同时,要素之间存在着独立性、交互性和循环性的生成路径。基于此,提出建议:提升乡村吸引,构建综合保障制度;加强关系建构,嵌入乡村社会网络;搭建支持模式,拓宽教师发展通道;根植乡土情怀,浸润乡土内源底色。

我国易地搬迁地区学校教育质量提升策略研究———基于乡村名师工作室平台

易地搬迁政策是我国推进贫困地区人口生活质量提升的关键措施。随着该政策的深入实施,易地搬迁地区学校教育质量的提升成为一项紧迫任务。文章分析了易地搬迁地区学校教育面临的挑战,依托乡村名师工作室平台,提出了针对性的提升策略:建立名师引领机制,促进教学水平提升;搭建资源共享平台,优化教育资源配置;强化教师专业发展培训,提高教师专业素养;实施教育创新实践,促进学生全面发展。