Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Concept Planning of Ecological Landscapes on Urban Fringes——A Case Study of Landscape Concept Planning of Shiling Area in the Eastern New District of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province of China

With Shiling Area of Eastern New District in Chengdu City as a background, concept design scheme was put forward from the perspective of ecological landscape through analyzing present development and ecological landscapes of the study area, applying philosophic thinking and Abstract concepts, and also combining with actual conditions of Chengdu, and meanwhile, concepts, orientation and functional structure of the eco-landscape concept planning were proposed. Key points of the planning were elaborated from 4 perspectives of spatial structure, traffic organization, spatial sequence and plant configuration to discuss spatial configuration of ecological landscapes on the fringes of Chengdu City, then further improve functions of ecological landscapes and quality of ecological environment, and put the concept planning into the construction practice of urban fringes.

Human Settlements in Rural-urban Fringe

On basis of human settlements theory, the research explored status quo of human settlements theory in rural-urban fringe, and analyzed and concluded predicaments confronted by rural-urban fringe, laying foundation for human settle- ments theory of rural-urban fringe.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rela- tionships among rural-urban migration,rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China.The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces,China.The migration and remittance status,household income and sustainable devel- opment of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas.And remittance is an important component in rural house- hold income.Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor,which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages.In total,the migration increases the rural household in- come and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Path Choice on Rural Industrial Upgrading in the Process of Rural-urban Integration in Binhai New Area

With methods of reference research and field research, the current situations of rural industrialization in the process of rural-urban integration in Binhai new area are analyzed and some problems in the process of integration in the new area are pointed out, such as difficulties in breaking dual economic structure in urban and rural areas, imbalanced economic development in the area and inadequate development of the third industry. And relevant countermeasures are proposed: optimizing agriculture industrial structure and promoting agricultural industrialization to form urban agricultural model of Binhai new area focusing on facility agriculture, park agriculture and high-end agriculture and to realize the intensive growth of agriculture; rationally distributing rural industrial structure to form regional leading industry and playing the guiding role of industry to achieve industrial adjustment improvement; quickening the construction of the third industry centering on service to form the service system of modern countryside and the leading role of modern service industry so as to achieve rapid development of the third industry.

边缘空间“再生产”——城市边缘区生态价值的耗散机制与捕获路径

快速城市化伴随着城市边缘区的生态衰退与价值耗散。由此引发的区位比较优势削弱限制了边缘空间的资本积累和价值创造潜力,导致存量难更新和增量不经济的双向发展困境。本文在回溯城市边缘区生态资本化历程的基础上,构建生态价值耗散的空间表征和认知局限解释框架,最终提出城市边缘区生态价值捕获的空间规划响应策略。研究得出:城市边缘区的生态价值耗散强化了空间要素替代,延缓了土地更新时机,并衍生了生态成本多尺度扩散;价值核算偏差、增长脱钩困局与生态管制悖论是制约城市边缘区生态价值认知的关键因素;在规划实践中,通过“时空统筹”的资源梳理、“城绿融合”的价值创造和“刚柔互补”的系统运营维护能促进城市边缘区的空间“再生产”。

基于社会-生态耦合视角的城市边缘区生境服务评估与分区

城市边缘区是城市和乡村交接的社会-生态脆弱区,科学评估其生境服务,对于生物多样性保护与地区可持续发展具有重要意义。在生境服务评估中将社会和生态视角进行整合,有利于制订具有接受度和包容性的保护与管理策略。以上海市青浦区为例,基于社会-生态耦合视角构建“生境质量-生境感知”的生境服务评估框架,综合InVEST模型和SolVES模型开展评估,采用耦合协调度模型分析生境质量和生境感知的耦合协调关系,利用地理探测器探究协调空间分异的影响因素,并进行生境服务分区。结果表明:(1)研究区生境质量整体处于较低水平,空间分布呈“西高东低”格局;生境感知空间分布则多临近水系呈“条带状”格局。(2)生境质量与生境感知的耦合协调程度为轻度失调,且失调单元较多。(3)社会经济因素为耦合协调空间分异的主要影响因素,且多与景观格局因素共同作用。(4)基于生境质量和生境感知的匹配与耦合协调关系,可将研究区划分为4大类、12小类生境服务区,以进行针对性保护与管理。研究结果可为促进人与自然和谐共生的生境综合保护提供参考依据。

基于多尺度与双注意力网络的城市边缘区不透水面变化检测

不透水面作为城市化的重要特征,可直观反映城市化范围,利用遥感影像与计算机视觉检测不同时序间城市边缘区不透水面的变化,是观测城市扩张的有效手段,对于城建规划和城市可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,城市边缘区作为城市和自然环境的过渡区域,地物类型复杂凌乱,具有高度异质性,为变化检测任务带来了巨大挑战。为解决这些问题,该方法采用SE(Squeeze and Excitation)压缩激励结构与多尺度融合模块(Multi-scale Fusion Module,MSFM)对Deeplabv3+网络进行改进优化,构建高精度不透水面变化提取网络MSDANet(Muti-scale Dual-attention Network,MSDANet),实现不透水面变化自动提取。同时,基于Google Earth卫星影像平台,获取2017年与2021年乌鲁木齐城市边缘区可见光影像,构建一个注释良好的高分辨率不透水面变化检测数据集HISCD,并将其开源。通过与7种主流变化检测网络进行对比,MSDANet取得了最好的结果,具有良好的变化提取能力,能够精准提取多种不透水面变化类型。在HISCD测试集中OA,Precision,Recall,F1与MIoU各指标分别达到了90.77%,80.51%,78.83%,79.63%与68.80%。该方法为城市扩张分析提供了一种新颖的方法,为城市空间规划提供了有效的技术支持。

基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定研究——以广州市为例

当前国内外城乡接合部空间界定研究尚未达成共识,在行政管理实践中也未形成明确的标准,导致了城乡接合部空间治理的现实困境。基于此,文章提出基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定方法,对广州市进行实证研究。结果表明:1)以自然资源部高精度遥感和土地调查数据准确识别的城市实体地域范围为城乡接合部空间界定测算指标,以明确的行政村、居委会为最小统计单元,可以有效地衔接国土空间规划技术体系;2)采用国内外大多数研究认同的25%~75%理想值与聚类分析法,并以广州市为典型案例进行城乡接合部空间界定阈值的优化与检验,最终确定广州市城乡接合部空间界定合理阈值为10%~75%;3)精准的测算指标、明确的研究单元和可操作性强的界定方法,可以较好地识别出城乡接合部空间,同时也为更深入的空间研究与治理提供支撑。

城边型非典型传统村落整合性更新研究——以泉州江南片区为例

城边型非典型传统村落是一类位于城市边缘区且已被划入城镇开发边界,具有服务城乡功能、延续文化基因价值,但尚未列入传统村落名录的村落。随着城镇开发边界的划定,尝试统筹边界内非典型传统村落保护更新与城市发展已然是面向国土空间规划的一次必要性探索。结合城边型非典型传统村落的更新困境分析,以福建省泉州江南片区为例,提出城边型非典型传统村落整合性方法——非典型传统村落遴选分类与价值延续、非典型传统村落与外部的整合性保护和发展,以期为非典型传统村落和城市边缘区更新提供参考。

基于1990—2020年综合土地利用动态变化的巩义市城市边缘区空间研究

以郑州市下辖且接壤的巩义市为研究对象,以1990年和2020年两期TM/OLI影像和统计年鉴数据为依据,使用1 km×1 km网格划分样区并提取各样区的综合土地利用动态度数值,借助数学模型分析确定城市边缘区范围,分析巩义市近30年来城市边缘区用地变化特征及扩展机制。结果表明,自然条件是用地扩张的基础因素,政策与经济是边缘区外扩的核心驱动力,交通对扩张具有指向性作用;边缘区内的土地变化主要表现为建设用地急剧增加、农业用地锐减,同时受距离和开发时序影响,用地类型交错复杂,破碎化特征明显。

中心城市边缘区域景点进出交通系统优化研究——以成都市大熊猫繁育研究基地为例

顶流景区是引领文旅产业持续健康发展的关键载体,面对游客大量的进出需求,其交通系统需要充分保障顺畅有序、高效安全、舒适集约.本文以成都市大熊猫繁育研究基地为例,通过多元数据分析得到现状游客出行存在“车行主导、供不及需”“公交不便、客流不足”“过度集中、交织无序”“平峰游客与高峰出游需求差异较大”的四大特征.为应对“基地”2期项目开园带来更大的交通需求,同时提升游客进出体验和效率,本文提出“分门进出、智慧诱导”“绿色转型、品质提升”“剥离交织、有序进出”“分时利用、区域共享”四大交通优化策略,切实提升了“基地”2期项目开园时游客出行效率、体验和秩序.本文涉及的研究方法、规划逻辑和优化策略可为其他旅游景区优化交通系统提供参考.

城市边缘区绿色空间多元治理机制与优化路径——以北京市绿化隔离地区为例

构建和保护城市边缘区绿色空间是促进城市可持续发展的有效手段。长期以来,自上而下的控制性规划建设管理方式已无法适应政策性生态空间发展现实需要,多元协同治理是未来的发展趋势。政府、市场、集体和社会组织在城市边缘区绿色空间治理体系中分别发挥着核心性、主体性、协同性和制衡性作用,维持着空间治理体系的有效运转。针对城市边缘区绿色空间治理面临的生态、经济、社会各维度治理实效差异大,多元主体职能尚未完全发挥,各主体空间权利不平等的现实困境,应建立多维度城市边缘区绿色空间治理绩效评价体系,以科学分工为准则厘清多元治理主体职能定位,并构建多元主体协同共治的机制,以实现城市边缘区绿色空间人口、经济、资源环境空间均衡发展。

趋同与共生:城市边缘区社区治理从模仿到自主的演进逻辑与发展因应

城市边缘区社区因寻求社区集体的发展权益、制度配置的优势地位、要素流动的空间正义而选择模仿城市或乡村的社区治理方式,逐渐与城市或乡村社区在治理方式上呈现“趋同”样态。社区治理方式趋同程度加深使城市边缘区社区治理陷入“选择定式”困境,而走出此困境的逻辑是适配自洽所趋同的社区治理方式,引导城市边缘区社区走向与城市、乡村社区治理方式“共生”样态。达成社区治理方式共生的前提是城市边缘区社区实现自主治理,而真正实现自主治理需要对妨碍自主治理实现的弱项展开多维剖析。以身份构建、资产管理、产业运营、职能框架为着力点,明确城市边缘区社区法律地位,规范城市边缘区社区资产管理结构,鼓励城市边缘区社区产业发展,明晰城市边缘区社区共治联系,从而为城市边缘区社区实现自主治理提供保障,为推动城市边缘区社区治理方式与城市、乡村社区治理方式共生创设前提条件,为深化城乡一体化建设、实现基层治理体系和治理能力现代化打下坚实基础。

探索大城市边缘区中村庄规划的编制和实施——以广州市番禺区为例

城镇化趋势明显、城乡发展混合的大城市边缘区,其村庄发展及城乡问题比一般乡村地区更为复杂。文章分析了2007年以来广州市番禺区开展的两轮村庄规划实践,结合国土空间规划体系的语境和“实用性”村庄规划要求,对大城市边缘区内村庄规划编制如何协调城乡矛盾、提升规划实用性、解决落地难问题、提升乡村治理水平等方面提出建议。

城市边缘型历史文化街区特征及更新策略研究——以昆明市晋城古镇上、下西街历史文化街区为例

城市边缘型历史文化街区面临快速城镇化正普遍经历的物质性和社会性衰落,但是其在物质空间形态、社会结构、功能产业方面与城市中心区的历史文化街区存在较大差异,探究城市边缘型历史文化街区的特征对其保护发展具有重要意义。从宏观和微观两个层面进行研究,通过对卫星影像图和文献研究进行宏观研究,并结合现场调研和访谈进行微观研究,以探索城市边缘型历史文化街区的物质空间形态、社会结构、功能产业特征。研究发现:城市边缘型历史文化街区存在大量风貌不协调建筑,大多本地居民生活在此,居住为街区的主要功能。以昆明上、下西街历史文化街区为例,提出创新历史文化街区的整治方式、加强非物质文化遗产的保护与传承、引入外向型文化旅游功能业态的更新策略,以期为城市边缘地带的历史文化街区保护和发展提供启示。

城市中的园野,乡野中的城市——双碳背景下公园与城市轨道交通的关系研究

双碳目标背景下,如何将高密度开发与绿地建设统筹协调起来,是值得研究的课题。TOD模式成为城市高密度开发的重要并且有效模式之一,本文研究城市公园与轨道之间的不同关系,试图探讨如何使绿地高效利用,并与城市空间更好结合,最终实现协同增值效果。

一种融合场景解译与面向对象分割精准识别城市边缘区域闲置地的方法

为了快速准确识别城市边缘地区闲置土地,文章基于高分2号遥感影像提出了一种融合场景解译与面向对象分割的方法,用于识别城市边缘区域的闲置土地。文章引入四叉树分割方法制作了多尺度场景解译标签;选取性能优越的Vision Transformer模型作为提取工具,进行训练以得到解译模型;将该解译模型应用于经过面向对象分割处理后的影像对象进行场景分类。实验结果表明,相比传统方法,该方法在闲置土地识别方面取得了显著提升。