What Influences The Family Migration Decision of China’s New Generation Rural-urban Migrants? A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis

The massive scale of new-generation rural-urban migrants in China has attracted extensive scholarly attention in recent years.While previous studies on China’s rural migrant workers focus on migrants’settlement intentions,migrants’family migration decision-making and the intergenerational differences between the old-generation migrants and new-generation migrants are underexplored.Based on the data of the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey,this paper adopts a multilevel logistic regression approach to explore family and destination factors influencing the family migration decisions of China’s new generation of rural migrant workers.The empirical results reveal that both the migrants’family and destination attributes significantly influence their family migration decision.The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the family have been pivotal factors underlying the family migration decision of China’s new generation rural-urban migrants,while 16.9%of the chances are explained by between-destination differences.Self-employed migrants with housing properties in host cities,long migration duration and high-income levels are more likely to migrate with their family members.Yet,the possibility of family migration is found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the age,education level,number of children and inter-provincial mobility of the new generation of migrant workers.In addition,new-generation rural-urban migrants’family migration is more likely to be found in cities with service-oriented industry structures,better environmental quality,and higher hukou barriers which is possibly related to more job opportunities.These research findings not only complement the existing literature on China’s new generation of rural urban migrants,but also have important policy implications for reforming the hukou system and enhancing social integration of the rural-to-urban migrant population.

The Size of Individual Social Networks and Rural-Urban Migrants'Wages-Findings from a Survey of Migrants in China's 6 Provinces and 12 Cities

Based on a survey of migrants in 12 cities across four major urbanizing areas in China,this paper empirically studies the impact of the size of individual social networks on the migrants'wages.After controlling for potential endogeneity using an instrumental variable approach,our empirical results from 2SLS estimation provides no evidence for significant average causal effect of network size on wage.A further exploration of quantile regression analysis with endogeneity issue managed by using the control function approach shows that a significant positive network size effect can only be found in the low-income end.

Intergenerational Trauma and Resilience among Im/Migrant Families: Child Mental Health Outcomes and Psychosocial Mechanisms of Transmission

Research Background: Psychological stressors leading to poor mental health outcomes accumulate throughout the migration process. The impact of a parent or caregiver’s posttraumatic stress on non-traumatized children is significant and may lead to adverse development and mental health outcomes. Research Objectives: The objective of this review is to explore both the consequences of parental trauma transmission on descendants’ psychological adjustment and well-being, and the mechanisms through which trauma has been transmitted among im/migrant populations. Methods: Criteria outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guided this systemic review. The questions guiding this review are: (a) What are the consequences of parental trauma transmission on the psychological adjustment and well-being of im/migrant offspring? And (b) What are the psychosocial mechanisms of trauma and resilience transmission among im/migrant populations? Each potential study was assessed based on relevance to the review question(s). Results: Parental trauma can lead to adverse mental health outcomes among descendants including increased internalizing and externalizing problems, the adoption of coping behaviors and worldviews, and worsening school performance. Mechanisms that influence trauma transmission include parental trauma symptom severity, the parent-child dyad, social learning, and family stressors. Pathways of resilience exist across socioecological levels to include individual resilience such as coping skills and meaning making, family resilience, structural protective factors, and social and cultural protective factors. Conclusions: Despite the prevalence of traumatic events throughout the migration process, im/migrant families display strong levels of resilience. Mental health services and providers should incorporate a strength-based approach in designing interventions that are culturally responsive and take into accounts the broader ecological contexts in which im/migrant families live.

Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain:a prospective population-based screening study

Background Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to Europe.Male urogenital manifestations are often neglected.We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic European country using a serology test.Methods We carried out a prospective,community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain.Schistosoma serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out,and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.Results We included 388 adult males,mean age 43.5 years[Standard Deviation(SD)=12.0,range:18-76].The median time since migration to the European Union was 17[Interquartile range(IQR):11-21]years.The most frequent country of origin was Senegal(N=179,46.1%).Of the 338,147(37.6%)tested positive for Schistosoma.Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%.Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positive Schistosoma serology results:pelvic pain(45.2%;OR=1.57,95%CI:1.0-2.4),pain on ejaculation(14.5%;OR=1.85,95%CI:1.0-3.5),dyspareunia(12.4%;OR=2.45,95%CI:1.2-5.2),erectile dysfunction(9.5%;OR=3.10,95%CI:1.3-7.6),self-reported episodes of infertility(32.1%;OR=1.69,95%CI:1.0-2.8),haematuria(55.2%;OR=2.37,95%CI:1.5-3.6),dysuria(52.1%;OR=2.01,95%CI:1.3-3.1),undiagnosed syndromic STIs(5.4%),and orchitis(20.7%;OR=1.81,95%CI:1.0-3.1).Clinical signs tended to cluster.Conclusions Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positive Schistosoma serology results.Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin.Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.

Impact of Migrant Populations on Tuberculosis Rates in Saudi Arabia: Assessing How Migration Patterns Affect TB Incidence and Control Measures: A Narrative Review

This research focuses on the effects of migration on the TB infection rate and its prevention in Saudi Arabia, which has a large number of expatriates from TB-affected countries. Despite, based on the current global statistics of TB occurrence, it is evident that the national incidence of TB has reduced from 10.55 per 100,000 in 2015 to 8.36 per 100,000 in 2019;despite this, there are still some difficulties because migrants bring new strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hindrances, including language barriers and perceived immigration status, hinder patients from seeking medical attention or doctors from diagnosing diseases. Each patient and each cultural group need special attention to public health, enhancing living circumstances, and health care support. Community participation, inclusion of TB control programs into functional healthcare facilities, and the functioning of TB programs need to be stressed to address TB issues. Considering the focus on social, economic, and cultural approaches, the country can make severe advancements in TB control and population protection. This holistic analysis is critical for a long-term effective strategy to combat TB in the Kingdom.

Maternal Mortality Rates among Im/Migrant Populations in the United States

Introduction: Maternal mortality rates have more than doubled in the U.S over the last two decades, making it one of the few places in the world where maternal mortality is increasing. Differences in maternal mortality among certain races and ethnicities are known but few studies examine maternal mortality among immigrants. Since immigrants represent 13.7% of the U.S. population, it is essential to examine immigrant subsets to understand maternal mortality among this vulnerable population. Methods: A literature search identified 318 articles on maternal mortality and immigrants, with 12 articles from the U.S. The keywords included maternal mortality, United States, migrants, asylum seekers, immigrants, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Results: Studies analyzed in this review found an overall lower maternal mortality rate among immigrant women compared to U.S.-born women, except for Hispanic immigrant women. Black women had the highest maternal mortality rate, regardless of immigration status. Conclusion: Although the literature points to lower maternal mortality among immigrants, the data is still somewhat mixed, making it challenging to draw comprehensive conclusions. Additional research examining maternal mortality among Im/migrants in the U.S. is needed to guide future training among healthcare professionals and policymakers.

Economic Growth:The Fundamental Path to the Realization of Social Security Rights for Migrant Workers

The International Labour Organization seems to only see the aspect of social security promoting economic growth,while neglecting the aspect of economic growth supporting social security.From the standpoint of materialism and the practice of social security,the realization of social security rights for migrant workers fundamentally depends on economic growth.The Belt and Road Initiative has provided a Chinese solution for creating a strong material and technological foundation to meet the social security needs of all people,including migrant workers.

What Drives Migrants Back to Set up Firms?Return-home Entrepreneurial Intention of Rural Migrant Workers in China

The extant literature on international immigrants has discussed migrants’entrepreneurial activities in the context of Western countries but has paid little attention to return-home entrepreneurial intention(RHEI).Rural migrant workers(RMWs)in China,who used to promote rural development by remittances and were characterized by similarities with early international migrants,have gradually returned to their hometowns to initiate entrepreneurial activities.Based on the structured questionnaire conducted in 2015 and 2020in Anhui Province,China,this article combines the concept of mixed embeddedness with the idea of double-layered embeddedness and analyzes the impacts of the social,economic and institutional context in RMWs’hometowns and migration destinations on RMWs’RHEI by using binary logistic regression.The article shows that the social,economic,and institutional environments of RMWs’hometowns and migration destinations have effects on their RHEI.The embeddedness in the economic and informal institutional context in RMWs’RHEI is even more important than personal characteristics.Compared with migration destinations,RMWs’hometowns exert a more influential effect on their RHEI.However,that does not mean that the role of migration destinations can be undervalued.Actually,the better the social,economic,and institutional environments of migration destinations RMWs moved into is,the higher entrepreneurial intention they will have after returning to their hometowns.The article proposes a modified framework in combination of mixed embeddedness with double-layer embeddedness and proves that it is suitable for analyzing RMWs’RHEI.The framework has important implications for strengthening China’s RMWs to return home to start their own businesses.

城乡融合发展进程中跨县搬迁社区运行逻辑及反思——基于社区行动主体性视角

跨县搬迁社区秩序重建是一个涉及主体、空间、要素和制度的动态复杂过程。本研究以云南省昭通市J安置区为例,基于社区行动主体性理论视角,构建“主体-空间-要素-制度”四位一体分析框架,考察跨县搬迁社区的运行逻辑。“断根”阶段的行动目标是“断穷根”,此阶段社区行动更多指向迁出地传统行动机制延续及再生产;“融入”阶段的行动目标是“能融入”,此阶段社区行动主要包括就业生计、社区治理、社会适应、民族融合行动等。现实经验看,安置区内多元行动主体因受多种因素影响,一方面延续传统生计的行动逻辑,另一方面“融入”行动重塑也面临就业生计重塑难、社区治理重塑难、社会适应重塑难和民族融合重塑难四重困境,由此使跨县搬迁社区运行呈现“搬迁未断根”与“安置难融入”共存的实践特征。破解上述困境必须从衔接新型城镇化和城乡融合发展战略出发,一方面聚焦大型搬迁安置区的现实问题,健全以属地为主、迁出地为辅的协同工作机制,完善县域公共服务,避免安置区陷入社会化“孤岛”;另一方面重塑共同体意识,健全安置区自治体系,强化搬迁群众内生动力,提前谋划过渡期结束后的社会融合议题,切实规避“扶而不退”的负面效应。

农民工市民化影响城乡融合发展的理论阐释与实证分析

将农民工市民化与城乡融合发展纳入统一分析框架,在构建城乡融合发展进程评价指标体系和计算农民工城市融入工资测算农民工市民化程度的基础上,基于2009—2021年省级面板数据,构建双向固定效应模型,实证检验农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的影响。研究发现:推进农民工市民化能够显著促进城乡融合发展;分区域看,农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的促进作用在中西部地区更加明显;通过加快农业现代化、加快农村现代化、促进基本公共服务均等化以及提高新型城镇化质量等作用渠道推进农民工市民化促进城乡融合发展。

Neighborhood Effects and Political Trust: A Multi-level Analysis of Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrants’ Trust in County Government

Massive rural-to-urban migration in China is consequential for political trust: rural-to-urban migrants have been found to hold lower levels of trust in local government than their rural peers who choose to stay in the countryside (mean 4.92 and 6.34 out of 10, respectively, p < 0.001). This article explores why migrants have a certain level of political trust in their county-level government. Using data of rural-to-urban migrants from the China Family Panel Survey, this study performs a hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to unpack the multi-level explanatory factors of rural-to-urban migrants’ political trust. Findings show that the individual-level socio-economic characteristics and perceptions of government performance (Level-1), the neighborhood-level characteristics-the physical and social status and environment of neighborhoods (Level-2), and the objective macroeconomic performance of county-level government (Level-3), work together to explain migrants’ trust levels. These results suggest that considering the effects of neighborhood-level factors on rural-to-urban migrants’ political trust merits policy and public management attention in rapidly urbanizing countries.

生育对女性农民工居留意愿的影响研究——基于生命历程的视角

生育是女性农民工生命历程中无法回避的话题,对其城市居留意愿有着重要的影响。基于生命历程视角,结合2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据,运用二元Logistic模型分析生育对女性农民工居留意愿的影响。研究发现,生育对女性农民工居留意愿有着积极促进作用。其中,代际差异呈现出倒U型的影响,0~1个孩子对女性农民工居留意愿影响不显著,而2个与3个及以上子女对女性农民工居留意愿影响显著。与子女一起流动对女性农民工居留意愿影响更强。

数字经济对农民工就业质量的影响机制分析

本文在系统梳理数字经济对劳动力市场作用机制基础上,采用2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据和全国25个省(市、自治区)数据进行匹配,以探究数字经济发展对农民工就业质量的影响。研究发现,数字经济能显著提升农民工就业质量,具体表现为减少劳动时间、改善福利保障和提高工作满意度,但对其工资收入和工作稳定性呈负向影响。进一步分析表明,数字经济可通过推动产业结构高级化和提升信息获取便利度赋能农民工高质量就业,且该作用存在行业异质性。据此建议,优化数字经济平台,完善薪酬保障和支付体系;注重数字技术推广,建立就业信息平台;推动公平就业机会和福利保障,促进行业间协同发展。

基于Fairlie分解的流动人口灾难性医疗支出的城乡差异及影响因素分析

目的:分析流动人口灾难性医疗支出的城乡差异及影响因素,为促进城乡流动人口健康公平提供建议参考。方法:基于2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查,运用卡方检验探究城乡流动人口特征分布差异,利用基于logistic回归的Fairlie分解法分析流动人口灾难性医疗支出的城乡差异及影响因素。结果:流动人口灾难性医疗支出发生率为24.25%,其中城镇发生率显著低于农村(P<0.05);Fairlie分解显示流动人口灾难性医疗支出的城乡差异中特征效应占95.53%,系数效应占4.47%,收入水平、健康状况、婚姻情况、医保报销情况及是否接受健康教育对该差异产生作用(P<0.05)。结论:农村流动人口的灾难性医疗支出风险高于城镇,收入水平和健康状况差异起主要作用。应加强农村流动人口的健康教育与劳动保障,提高城乡健康公平性,通过改进医保报销机制缩小流动人口灾难性医疗支出的城乡差异。

数字经济发展与农民工就业质量:契机与困境——基于CFPS 2018数据的多层模型分析

数字经济的发展为农民工高质量就业注入了新动能,为其转型升级提供了契机,但同时也带来了新困境。基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用HLM模型从多层视角剖析了数字经济对农民工就业质量的影响及其内在机制,并揭示了农民工就业质量各个维度的实际问题。研究结果表明,数字经济在宏观层面优化了就业结构,在微观层面促进了弱关系社会资本以及人力资本的积累,进而显著改善了农民工的就业质量,尤其是在收入水平提升和劳动合同签订率方面;但也存在部分低收入农民工无法享受“数字收入红利”以及“灵活化”劳动合同的问题。数字经济对工作时间的影响表现出双向效应,数字经济的快速发展所催生的新型职业岗位和劳动关系模式,也暴露出劳动保障缺失的制度漏洞。异质性分析进一步表明,数字经济会对具有某些特征的农民工群体产生偏向性,会加剧农民工内部的不平等。最后针对性地提出了改善农民工就业质量的政策建议。

政府补贴会提升返乡农民工创业绩效吗——基于西部地区脱贫县的调查

借助892份西部地区脱贫县的调研数据,运用Logit模型实证研究政府补贴对返乡农民工创业绩效的影响。研究发现,政府补贴显著提升返乡农民工的创业绩效,结果在进行稳健性检验后依然有效。异质性分析结果表明,政府补贴对涉农创业、新生代及家庭位于山区的农民工创业绩效的促进作用更明显;获得政府补贴的返乡农民工通过扩大创业规模来提高创业绩效。因此,应有效利用政府补贴,促进返乡农民工创业规模扩张;鼓励新生代农民工返乡创业,为涉农创业者群体提供多元指导,优化山区农民工家庭的创业保障体系,拓宽贫困山区农民创业路径。

互联网嵌入、资源获取与新农人创业成长绩效

将互联网思维纳入互联网嵌入变量,依据江西、河南和安徽512户新农人调查数据,运用内生转换回归(ESR)模型考察了互联网嵌入对新农人创业成长绩效的影响效应,并采用中介效应模型实证检验了资源获取在二者之间的传导机制。研究发现:互联网嵌入显著提升了新农人创业成长绩效,同时扩大了新农人创业成长绩效的差距;相对于返乡创业农民工和本土农业创业者,互联网嵌入对返乡创业大学生和跨界创业者创业成长绩效的促进作用更大,相对于非新型经营主体,互联网嵌入对新型经营主体新农人创业成长绩效的促进作用更大。机制结果分析显示:互联网嵌入有利于提升新农人的人力资源、社会资源、财务资源、政策资源,进而提高其创业成长绩效。因此,要进一步提高新农人互联网嵌入水平,提升其互联网的资源获取能力,增强互联网嵌入对创业成长绩效的作用,同时采取差异化支持政策,加强对弱势新农人支持力度,促进新农人创业成长。

身份、锚点、归属:流动青少年社会性生存的自我建构

随着教育政策改革走向深入,流动青少年社会性生存的制度环境不断向好。已有的主体性视角研究表明流动青少年可以能动地建构流动生活,但对于他们社会性生存中的资源与限制、采取的主体性策略等都有待深入研究。通过对城市公立高中就读的流动青少年进行深度访谈,以扎根理论构建社会性生存的理论分析框架,发现,流动青少年尝试在正式标准、社会交往、象征符号以及情感依恋的多重维度上发展社会性“锚点”。他们虽然在多维“锚点”组合中体验到差异化的归属感,但是都以将身份锚定于安全的位置为生存目标,通过自我适应、反思性的自我表达和目标取向的关系塑造等策略,逐渐实现了社会性生存的自我建构。

外来劳动力技能多样性对城乡融合的影响——基于长江经济带县域的实证研究

利用熵值法测度长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平,并利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据构建外来劳动力技能多样性指标,实证检验外来劳动力技能多样性对县域城乡融合发展的影响效应和机制。研究发现:长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平呈波动上升趋势,且呈现下游县域>上游县域>中游县域的空间分异格局;外来劳动力技能多样性能显著促进县域城乡融合,但影响效应存在区域异质性和流入方向异质性,在下游县域、城市群县域中,外来劳动力技能多样性促进县域城乡融合发展的效应更为明显,农村外来劳动力技能多样性的效应更强;机制检验表明,外来劳动力技能多样性能加速形成厚劳动力市场,推进农业技术创新,进而促进县域城乡融合。

流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

目的:为探讨流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的动态关系。方法:以班级为单位对385名流动儿童进行为期一年的纵向追踪调查。采用协方差结构方程模型对前、后两次4个研究变量间的动态关系进行检验。结果:控制年龄和性别作用后显示:①流动儿童前测社会排斥可以预测其后测抑郁水平(β=0.12,P<0.01);②流动儿童前测自尊在社会排斥对抑郁的即时和延时预测中均起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别是0.11和0.03;③流动儿童前测亲子依恋在其前测社会排斥影响后测抑郁的中介路径前半段中起延时调节作用,调节效应值为-0.12。结论:①社会排斥可以预测流动儿童的抑郁水平;②自尊在社会排斥和流动儿童抑郁中起即时和延时中介作用;③亲子依恋能够延时调节流动儿童社会排斥与自尊的关系。